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SP/8/4237DS/12
Design Information:
i) References:
(1) BS EN 1992-1-1 (2004) Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures -
Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
(2) Code of Practice for Structual Use of Concrete 2013
(3) BS EN 1992-3 (2006) Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures -
Part 3: Liquid Retaining and Containment Structures
(4) Reinforced Concrete Design to Eurocode (Sixth Edition)
(5) Code of Practice for Fire Safety in Buildings 2011
(6) Sewerage Design Manual Part 2
(7) CIRIA C660
1
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
Height h = 400 mm
Width b = 300 mm
h
Max. Span l = 4050 mm
Cover c = 50 mm
Torsion = 0 kNm
b. Main Reinforcement
It is noted that EC2 does not give any equations for the analysis or design of bending moment of sections.
However, it is noted that the assumptions stipulated in Clause 6.1(2) Reference 1 are the same as the design
assumptions stipultated in Clause 3.4.4.1 in BS8110-1997. Thus the equations used are similar to those in BS8110.
In the following calculations, equations derived based on EC2 and BS8110 in Reference 4 are used:
2
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
Take z = 269 mm
3H32
Provide 3 H 32 (As prov = 2413 mm2) Top
Take z = 306 mm
2H32
Provide 2 H 32 (As prov = 1608 mm2) Bottom
3
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
c. Shear Reinforcement
v 138.26 x 10^3 ν=
shear stress = = = 1.431
bd 300 x 322 1.431 N/mm2
4
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
Table Appendix A.4 Provide 2 legs H 12 - 250 s.s. (Asw / s = 0.904779 ) as shear links
in Ref. 4
5
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
Design Torsional Moment Resistance TRd,max = 2 v1αcw fcdAk tef sinθ cosθ
Eqt. 6.6N in Ref.1 where v1 = 0.516
αcw = 1
θ = 45 degrees Adopt a larger value of θ
fcd = 23.33 Mpa
∴ Capacity of the concrete strut is adequate, no need for increase in the concrete section.
6
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
e. Deflection
f. Crack Control
7
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
8
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
216 mm
Eqt. 7.9 in Ref. 1 σs - kt fct,eff / ρp,eff (1 + αe ρp,eff ) where kt = 0.4 (for long term loading)
εsm - εcm =
Es
190.47 - 0.4 x 3.2 / 0.12 ( 1 + 18.03 x 0.12 )
=
200000
= 0.000783
σs
> 0.6
Es
= 0.000571
9
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
where
Table 3.1 in Ref.7 kc = 1 for direct tension
k = 0.95
r = As/Act
= 0.03972
For long term crack width
Eq.3.1 in Ref.1 fct,eff = fctm = 0.3 * fck(2/3)
= 3.21 Mpa
ae = Es / Ecm
= 7.57576
ae = Es / Ecm
= 8.5699
wk = 0.24 mm
> 0.16 mm
∴ NOT OK
g. Workmanship Control
10
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
k1 x f = 1 x 32
= 32 mm
dg+k2 = 20 + 5
= 25 mm
< k1 x f
∴ OK
∴ OK
h. Reinforcement Detailing
h
400 mm
11
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
Height h = 600 mm
Width b = 400 mm
h
Max. Span l = 2750 mm
Cover c = 50 mm
Torsion = 0 kNm
b. Main Reinforcement
It is noted that EC2 does not give any equations for the analysis or design of bending moment of sections.
However, it is noted that the assumptions stipulated in Clause 6.1(2) Reference 1 are the same as the design
assumptions stipultated in Clause 3.4.4.1 in BS8110-1997. Thus the equations used are similar to those in BS8110.
In the following calculations, equations derived based on EC2 and BS8110 in Reference 4 are used:
12
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
Take z = 484 mm
4H32
Provide 4 H 32 (As prov = 3217 mm2) Top
Take z = 496 mm
2H32
Provide 2 H 32 (As prov = 1608 mm2) Bottom
13
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
c. Shear Reinforcement
v 200.75 x 10^3 ν=
shear stress = = = 0.961
bd 400 x 522 0.961 N/mm2
14
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
Table Appendix A.4 Provide 2 legs H 12 - 250 s.s. (Asw / s = 0.904779 ) as shear links
in Ref. 4
15
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
Design Torsional Moment Resistance TRd,max = 2 v1αcw fcdAk tef sinθ cosθ
Eqt. 6.6N in Ref.1 where v1 = 0.516
αcw = 1
θ = 45 degrees Adopt a larger value of θ
fcd = 23.33 Mpa
∴ Capacity of the concrete strut is adequate, no need for increase in the concrete section.
16
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
e. Deflection
f. Crack Control
17
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
18
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
235 mm
Eqt. 7.9 in Ref. 1 σs - kt fct,eff / ρp,eff (1 + αe ρp,eff ) where kt = 0.4 (for long term loading)
εsm - εcm =
Es
157.26 - 0.4 x 3.2 / 0.08 ( 1 + 18.03 x 0.08 )
=
200000
= 0.000595
σs
> 0.6
Es
= 0.000472
19
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
where
Table 3.1 in Ref.7 kc = 1 for direct tension
k = 0.85
r = As/Act
= 0.02795
For long term crack width
Eq.3.1 in Ref.1 fct,eff = fctm = 0.3 * fck(2/3)
= 3.21 Mpa
ae = Es / Ecm
= 7.57576
ae = Es / Ecm
= 8.5699
wk = 0.24 mm
> 0.16 mm
∴ NOT OK
g. Workmanship Control
20
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
k1 x f = 1 x 32
= 32 mm
dg+k2 = 20 + 5
= 25 mm
< k1 x f
∴ OK
∴ OK
h. Reinforcement Detailing
h
600 mm
21
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
Height h = 600 mm
Width b = 400 mm
h
Max. Span l = 4050 mm
Cover c = 50 mm
b. Main Reinforcement
It is noted that EC2 does not give any equations for the analysis or design of bending moment of sections.
However, it is noted that the assumptions stipulated in Clause 6.1(2) Reference 1 are the same as the design
assumptions stipultated in Clause 3.4.4.1 in BS8110-1997. Thus the equations used are similar to those in BS8110.
In the following calculations, equations derived based on EC2 and BS8110 in Reference 4 are used:
22
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
Take z = 492 mm
4H32
Provide 4 H 32 (As prov = 3217 mm2) Top
Take z = 492 mm
4H32
Provide 4 H 32 (As prov = 3217 mm2) Bottom
23
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
c. Shear Reinforcement
v 165.86 x 10^3 ν=
shear stress = = = 0.8
bd 400 x 518 0.800 N/mm2
24
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
Table Appendix A.4 Provide 2 legs H 16 - 200 s.s. (Asw / s = 2.010619 ) as shear links
in Ref. 4
25
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
Design Torsional Moment Resistance TRd,max = 2 v1αcw fcdAk tef sinθ cosθ
Eqt. 6.6N in Ref.1 where v1 = 0.516
αcw = 1
θ = 45 degrees Adopt a larger value of θ
fcd = 23.33 Mpa
∴ Capacity of the concrete strut is adequate, no need for increase in the concrete section.
26
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
e. Deflection
f. Crack Control
27
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
28
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
241 mm
Eqt. 7.9 in Ref. 1 σs - kt fct,eff / ρp,eff (1 + αe ρp,eff ) where kt = 0.4 (for long term loading)
εsm - εcm =
Es
61.45 - 0.4 x 3.2 / 0.08 ( 1 + 18.03 x 0.08 )
=
200000
= 0.000109
σs
< 0.6
Es
= 0.000184
29
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
where
Table 3.1 in Ref.7 kc = 1 for direct tension
k = 0.85
r = As/Act
= 0.02571
For long term crack width
Eq.3.1 in Ref.1 fct,eff = fctm = 0.3 * fck(2/3)
= 3.21 Mpa
ae = Es / Ecm
= 7.57576
ae = Es / Ecm
= 8.5699
wk = 0.16 mm
> 0.16 mm
∴ NOT OK
g. Workmanship Control
30
File No. SP/8/4388DS/12
k1 x f = 1 x 32
= 32 mm
dg+k2 = 20 + 5
= 25 mm
< k1 x f
∴ OK
∴ OK
h. Reinforcement Detailing
h
600 mm
31