AISC 360-05 LRFD Column Design in

the RAM Structural System

Model: Verification11_3
Column B-2:
Roof: W10x33 14.00’
4th: W10x33 13.50’
rd
3 : W10x49 13.50’
2nd: W10x49 14.00’

Roof Loads:
Noncomposite Deck self-weight was set to 0.0, and that load was included in the Dead Load.
Dead Load: 50 psf
Live Load: 20 psf Roof Reducible

Floor Loads:
Slab Self-weight: Concrete above flute + concrete in flute + metal deck
[(3.25in)(1ft/12in) + (18.0in2/ft)(1ft2/12in2)](115 lb/ft3) +3.0 psf = 48.52 psf
Imposed Dead Load: 25 psf
Imposed Live Load: 80 psf Office Reducible

Primary beam size = W21x44 Self-wt = 44 lb/ft

Secondary beam size = W14x22 Self-wt = 22 lb/ft

Column Loads: (See Column Loads Report)

Tributary Area = (30’)(27’) = 810 ft2 / level

Roof:
Dead Load = (810 ft2)(0.050 ksf) Surface Load
+ (0.033 k/ft)(14’) Column Self-wt
+ (3)(0.022 k/ft)(30’) Beams Self-wt
+ (0.040 k/ft)(27’) Girder Self-wt
= 44.02 k 9
Live Load:
Live Load Reduction: Lr =L0R1R2 IBC 2006 Eq 16-27
R1 = 0.6 (Area > 600 ft2)
R2 = 1.0 (Flat Roof)
Lr = L0(0.6)(1.0) = 0.6L0 40% Reduction 9
Live Load = (810 ft2)(0.6)(.020 ksf) = 9.72 k 9

Total Load = 44.02 + 9.72 = 53.74 k 9

4th:
Dead Load = 44.02 k Column load from above
+ (810 ft2)(0.04852 ksf + 0.025 ksf) Slab and Surface load
+ (0.033 k/ft)(13.5’) Column self-wt
+ (3)(0.022 k/ft)(30’) Beams self-wt
+ (0.044 k/ft)(27’) Girder self-wt

RAM Structural System 1 Bentley Systems, Inc.

 = 107.18 k 9
Live Load:
Live Load Reduction: IBC 2006 Eq 16-24
KLL = 4 (Interior Column)
AT = 810 ft2 (One level of floor)
L = L0[0.25 + 15 / sqrt ((4)(810))] = 0.5135L0 48.65% Reduction 9
Live Load = 9.72 k + (810 ft2)(0. 5135)(.080 ksf) = 43.00 k 9

Total Load = 107.18 + 43.00 = 150.18 k 9

3rd:
Dead Load = 107.18 k Column load from above
+ (810 ft2)(0.04852 ksf + 0.025 ksf) Slab and Surface load
+ (0.049 k/ft)(13.5’) Column self-wt
+ (3)(0.022 k/ft)(30’) Beams self-wt
+ (0.044 k/ft)(27’) Girder self-wt
= 170.56 k 9
Live Load:
Live Load Reduction: IBC 2006 Eq 16-24
KLL = 4 (Interior Column)
AT = 2(810 ft2) = 1620 ft2 (Two levels of floor)
L = L0[0.25 + 15 / sqrt ((4)(1620))] = 0.4363L0 56.37% Reduction 9
Live Load = 9.72 k + 2(810 ft2)(0.4363)(.080 ksf) = 66.27 k 9

Total Load = 170.56 + 66.27 = 236.83 k 9

2nd:
Dead Load = 170.56 k Column load from above
+ (810 ft2)(0.04852 ksf + 0.025 ksf) Slab and Surface load
+ (0.049 k/ft)(14.0’) Column self-wt
+ (3)(0.022 k/ft)(30’) Beams self-wt
+ (0.044 k/ft)(27’) Girder self-wt
= 233.97 k 9
Live Load:
Live Load Reduction: IBC 2006 Eq 16-24
KLL = 4 (Interior Column)
AT = 3(810 ft2) = 2430 ft2 (Three levels of floor)
L = L0[0.25 + 15 / sqrt ((4)( 2430))] = 0.4021L0 59.79% Reduction 9 < 60%
Live Load = 9.72 k + 3(810 ft2)(0.4021)(.080 ksf) = 87.89 k 9

Total Load = 233.97 + 87.89 = 321.86 k 9

Note that in these calculation results there is a slight discrepancy between the Dead Load and
Total Load values shown here and those shown on the report. These are due to the fact that in
these hand calculations the nominal self-weights of beams and columns were used, while the
program calculates and uses the actual beam and column self-weights. Hence the program is
more accurate than these hand calculations.

RAM Structural System 2 Bentley Systems, Inc.

Column Moments: (see Gravity Column Design report)
Connection Eccentricity = 2.5” + ½ Column Dimension (assigned in Modeler):
X-axis: 2.5” + 10.0”/2 = 7.50” 9
Y-axis: 2.5” + 10.0”/2 = 7.50” 9

Note: the program investigates the effects of the beam reactions acting on the column out at a
distance of the connection eccentricity. Several configurations of Live Load skipping (or
“patterning”) are considered (‘skipping’ the Live Load decreases the axial load on the
column, but increases the unbalanced moments on the column). The column design is based
on the worst case of axial loads and biaxial moments. The RAM Steel Column manual
discusses this in further detail.

The controlling load condition for this column is Load Case 6. This is created by ‘skip’
loading the column such that no Live Load is applied to Side 4, shown in the figure below,
rotated to match the orientation of the column being designed:

This means that for the controlling condition the axial load in the column is less than the
fully loaded condition, but there is a moment due to the unbalanced load between Side 2 and
Side 4. Note that for the condition of full axial load and no unbalance moments (i.e., no
‘skip’ loading of the column) the Interaction Equation result is 0.873, which is less than the
controlling value of 0.879, hence it did not control and is not shown on the report.

Beam Reactions on Column:

Beam #15:
R1DL = (9’)(15’)(0.04852 ksf + 0.025 ksf) Slab and Surface load
+ (0.022 k/ft)(30’/2) Beam self-wt
= 10.26 k

R1LL = (9’)(15’) (0.4021) (0.080 ksf) Live Load reduced

= 4.34 k

Beam #10:
R2DL = (9’)(30’)(0.04852 ksf + 0.025 ksf) Slab and Surface load
+ (0.022 k/ft)(30’) Beams self-wt
+ (0.044 k/ft)(27’/2) Girder self-wt
= 21.10 k

R2LL = (9’)(30’) (0.4021) (0.080 ksf) Live Load reduced

= 8.69 k

Beam #6:
R3DL = (9’)(15’)(0.04852 ksf + 0.025 ksf) Slab and Surface load
+ (0.022 k/ft)(30’/2) Beam self-wt
= 10.26 k

RAM Structural System 3 Bentley Systems, Inc.

 R3LL = (9’)(15’) (0.4021) (0.080 ksf) Live Load reduced
= 4.34 k

Beam #14:
R4DL = (9’)(30’)(0.04852 ksf + 0.025 ksf) Slab and Surface load
+ (0.022 k/ft)(30’) Beams self-wt
+ (0.044 k/ft)(27’/2) Girder self-wt
= 21.10 k

R4LL = 0.00 k Live Load skipped

MxDL = (10.26 k)(7.50”) – (10.26 k)(7.5”) = 0.00 k-ft 9

MyDL = (21.10 k)(7.50”) – (21.10 k)(7.5”) = 0.00 k-ft 9
(The Dead Load reactions are the same on opposite sides of the column, therefore there
are no unbalance Dead Load moments)

MxLL = (4.34k)(7.50”) – (4.34 k)(7.5”) = 0.00 k-ft 9

MyLL = (8.69 k)(7.50”) – (0.00 k)(7.5”) = 65.18 k-in = 5.43 k-ft

This moment is split between the column above and the column below based on relative
stiffness (which is a function of the relative lengths):

Top Design MyLL = (5.43 k-ft) (1 – 14.0’/(13.5’ + 14.0’)) = 2.67 k-ft 9

For gravity columns the column is assumed to be ‘pinned’ at the base, therefore there is no
eccentric moment at the base, and hence, no moments.

Since design moments at the base are 0.00, the column is in single curvature in both axes. 9

Axial Loads: (see column load calculations above)

PDL = 233.97 k 9
PLL = 78.17 k – 8.69 k = 69.48 k 9 (Total Live Load minus the ‘skipped’ portion)
PRoof = 9.72 k 9

Load Combinations:
Three load combinations are considered:
1.4D
1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5Rf
1.2D + 0.5L + 1.6Rf

The controlling design for this column was from: 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5Rf

First-Order Design Forces:

Pu = 1.2(233.97 k) + 1.6(69.48 k) + 0.5(9.72 k) = 396.69 k
Mux = 1.2(0.00 k-ft) + 1.6(0.00 k-ft) + 0.5(0.00 k-ft) = 0.00 k-ft
Muy = 1.2(0.00 k-ft) + 1.6(2.67 k-ft) + 0.5(0.00 k-ft) = 4.27 k-ft

RAM Structural System 4 Bentley Systems, Inc.

B1 Factors:
Cm
B1 = Eq C2-2
1 − αPr / Pe1

where:
Cm = 0.6 – 0.4(M1/M2) Eq C2-4
α = 1.00
Pr = Pu
π 2 EI
Pe1 = Eq C2-5
(K1 L )2
where: K1 = 1.0

Since Mx = 0.00 k-ft at both top and bottom, Cmx is irrelevant. Report shows Cmx = 1.0 9
Pe1x = π2(29000 ksi)(272 in4)/((1.0)(168”))2 = 2758.34 k 9
B1x = 1.0 / (1 – (1.00)(396.69 k) / 2758.34 k) = 1.168 9
B

Cmy = 0.6 – 0.4(0.00 k-ft / 4.27 k-ft) = 0.6 9

Pe1y = π2(29000 ksi)(93.4 in4)/((1.0)(168”))2 = 947.17 k 9
B1y = 0.6 / (1 – (1.00)(396.69 k) / 947.17 k) = 1.032 9
B

Design Forces:
Pu = 396.69 k 9
Mux = (1.17)(0.00 k-ft) = 0.00 k-ft 9
Muy = (1.03)(4.27 k-ft) = 4.40 k-ft 9
(Design moments are the First-Order moments factored by B1)

Axial Capacity:
Pn = FcrAg Eq E3-1
KL/r = (1.0)(168”) / 2.54 in = 66.14 < 4.71sqrt(29000 ksi / 50 ksi) = 113.43
Fe = π2(29000 ksi) / (66.14)2 = 65.429 Eq E3-4
Fcr = (0.658)(50/65.429)(50 ksi) = 36.313 ksi Eq E3-2
Pn = (36.313 ksi)(14.4 in2) = 522.91 k
φPn = 0.90(522.91 k) = 470.62 k 9

Strong Axis Moment Capacity:

Cb = 1.0 9 (since there is no strong axis moment)
φMnx = 208 k-ft 9 See Table 3-10 (p 3-125) of the AISC manual.
Note that the program rigorously checks the requirements given in Chapter F. Rather than
reproducing all of those calculations here, the capacity given in Table 3-10 is listed here,
corroborating the value given by the program.

Weak Axis Moment Capacity:

Mny: FyZy = (50 ksi)(28.3 in3) = 1415 k-in = 117.9 k-ft Controls
1.6FySy = 1.6(50 ksi)(18.7 in3) = 1496 k-in = 124.67 k-ft

φMny = 106.11 k-ft 9 Also see Table 3-4 (p 3-24) of the AISC manual.

RAM Structural System 5 Bentley Systems, Inc.

Interaction Equation:
Pr/Pc = 396.69 k / 470.62 k = 0.843 9
0.843 + (8/9)[(0.00 k-ft / 208.08 k-ft) + (4.40 k-ft / 106.11 k-ft)] = 0.879 9 Eq H1-1a

RAM Structural System 6 Bentley Systems, Inc.

RAM Structural System 7 Bentley Systems, Inc.
Map for Roof level is the same as at Typical level, except for the surface loads key:

RAM Structural System 8 Bentley Systems, Inc.

RAM Structural System 9 Bentley Systems, Inc.
 A. Adams 2/22/08

RAM Structural System 10 Bentley Systems, Inc.