Različitost unutar istoga
Differences within the same,
individuality in togetherness
Housing for modern man
Key words: dwelling, housing, flexibility,
variability, adaptability, participation,
individuality.
Abstract:
We present four preliminary architectural
designs of blocks of flats which meet basic
demands for modern hoursing, flexibility,
variability and adaptability, demonstrating a
new way of thinking about urban living, and
offering a new way of life for the beginning of
the 21st century.
Introduction
Evolution in social behaviour demands
changes in the concept of designing urban
housing, but also new concepts of relations
between housing and environment.
Heterogeneity, multi-functionality, multi-
purposness are the features of the new mode
of housing - difference, openess, flexibility,
industrialisation and indivituality replace
specialisation, manufacture labour and
collectiveness.
“Now we speak of the quality of simultaneity,
of a multicultural society, of uncertainty,
alienation, chaos, theories, networks, hubs
and nodal points, interaction, hybrid
ambivalence, paradoxes, schizophrenia,
liquid space, cyborgs and so on.” 1
Accepting conventions and previously built
models based on the idea of continuity and
repetition cannot respond to the demands set
by modern man and his way of life,
completely open towards the unkown and the
artificial.
Social changes lead us towards new
concepts of approaching modern housing,
towards new concepts of realising a housing
unit and its environment. Young people live a
Različitosti unutar istoga,
Individualnost u zajedništvu
Stanovanje za suvremenog čovjeka
Ključne riječi: stanovanje, urbanizam,
fleksibilnost, varijabilnost, adaptacija,
participacija, individualnost
Sažetak
Predstavljamo četiri idejna arhitektonska
projekta višestambenih zgrada koji
zadovoljavaju osnovne pretpostavke
suvremenog stanovanja, fleksibilnost,
varijabilnost i adaptabilnost, prikazujući novi
način razmišljanja o urbanom življenju i nudeći
nov način žvota za početak 21. stoljeća.
Uvod
Evolucija u socijalnom ponašanju traži
promjene u konceptu dizajna suvremenog
stanovanja, ali isto tako i novih koncepata
odnosa između stanovanja i okoliša.
Heterogenost, polifunkcionalnost, polivalentnost
- odlike su novog načina stanovanja –
različitost, otvorenost, fleksibilnost,
industrijalizacija i individualnost zamjenjuju
homogenost, specijalizaciju, manufakturni rad i
kolektivizam.
"Sada govorimo o kvaliteti istodobnosti, o
multikulturalnom društvu, o nesigurnosti,
otuđivanju, kaosu, teorijama, mrežama,
središtima i čvorištima, interakciji, hibridnoj
podvojenosti, paradoksima, shizofreniji,
likvidnim prostorima, cyborg i tako dalje." 1
Prihvaćanje konvencija i ranije izgrađenih
modela koji se baziraju na ideji kontinuiteta i
repeticiji ne može odgovoriti na zahtjeve koje
postavlja suvremeni čovjek sa svojim načinom
življenja potpuno otvorenim prema nepoznatom
i artificijelnom.
Socijalne promjene vode nas prema novim
konceptima pristupa suvremenom stanovanju,
prema novim konceptima rješavanja stambene
jedinice i okoliša. Mladi ljudi žive izrazito
very individualised life. Computers, IT,
Internet as an essential factor of
communication, ehnace that individuality.
New marketing democracy, legislation,
market, governmenet and industry have a big
effect on housing architecture.
The new landscape: new media, new way of
life cause changes in traditional organization
of urban and architectural space and
traditional distinction between private and
urban space. The development of a new
context is in relation to the person that is
going to use it. Different people are using the
same space – flexibility, introvert and
extrovert is the right answer.
Architecture is marked by constant change.
People know what they want and they make
decisions. People want their own home, not
only to satisfy their primary needs, as a basic
protection, but ‘home’ that will express their
identity, a space with which they will identify.
When a family moves into a flat, they fit it out
according to their taste and practical needs.
The greater degree of education, the ever
increasing living standards, wealth, offer
great possibilities of choce. The ability to
chose becomes a value criterion. Big offer of
good possibilities with a high degree of
participation is a condition for fulfilling
individual demands.
“Housing is not a field for the self-
aggrandizement of architects, but a discipline
in which we have to formulate a relatively
clear interface between the public and private
realm as part of a social consensus”. Dietmar
Eberle 2
Defined below are the basic postulates for
modern housing applied in all projects:
Flexibility as a formative and
engineering/technical process is projected
and realized on the basis of bearing
constructions with the use of modular
coordination (Europe module). We view it
through the transformability of shape,
flexibility in place of specialization. It is based
on conventional, clean division of space. We
used constructive raster which makes
possible flexibility of solutions.
Variability is linked to non-bearing
individualiziranim načinom življenja. Kompjutori,
IT, Internet kao bitan faktor komunikacije
pojačavaju taj individualizam. Nova marketinška
demokracija, legislativa, tržište, vlada i industrija
ima veliki utjecaj na stambenu arhitekturu.
Novi okoliš: novi mediji, novi način života
uzrokuje promjene u tradicionalnoj organizaciji
urbanog i arhitektonskog prostora te
tradicionalnoj razlici između privatnog i javnog
prostora. Razvoj novog konteksta povezan je s
osobom koja će ga koristiti. Različiti ljudi koriste
isti prostor – pravi od odgovor na to je
fleksibilnost, introvertnost i ekstrovertnost.
Arhitekturu obilježava konstantno mijenjanje,
ljudi znaju što žele i donose odluke. Ljudi žele
vlastiti dom, ne samo kao zadovoljenje
primarnih potreba, kao osnovnu zaštitu, već
«dom» koji će izraziti njihov identitet, prostor s
kojim će se identificirati. When a family moves
into a flat, they fit it out according to their taste
and pactical needs.
Sve veći stupanj educiranosti, sve veći standard
življenja, izobilje, pruža velike mogućnosti
izbora. Mogućnost izbora postaje vrijednosni
kriterij. Velika ponuda kvalitetnih mogućnosti uz
visoki stupanj participacije uvjet je za realizaciju
individualnih zahtjeva.
«Urbanizam ne služi za samouzdizanje
arhitekata, već je disciplina u kojoj treba
formulirati relativno jasno sučeljavanje javne i
privatne stvarnosti kao dijela društvenog
koncenzusa" Dietmar Eberle 2
Definirane su osnovne postavke za suvremeno
stanovanje primjenjene u svim projektima:
Fleksibilnost kao oblikovni i inžinjersko-
tehnički proces projektira se i izvodi na bazi
nosivih konstrukcija uz korištenje modularne
koordinacije (Europa modul). Promatramo je
kroz transformabilnost oblika, flexibilnost
umjesto specijalizacije. Bazira se na
konvencionalnoj, čistoj podjeli prostora.
Korišten je konstruktivni raster koji omogućava
fleksibilnost rješenja.
Varijabilnost se vezuje na nenosive
konstrukcije. Očituje se u korištenju pregradnih
construction. It is seen in the use of partition
walls as sliding partitions that ensure a simple
transformation of space.
Adaptability is defined through installation
nodes and technological equipment
(installation blocks, in-built wardrobes,
kitchens…)
We have presented four draft architectural
designs which meet the set criteria,
demonstrating a new way of thinking about
urban living, and offering a new way of life for
the beginning of the 21st century.
One of them is the architectural-urban
planning tender European 2001, Jylvaskyla,
Aijala, Finland, and the preliminary
architectural designs in Croatia, within a
Reconstruction Ministry state-subsidized
building project (POS) – three blocks of flats
in Spansko, Zagreb, a block of flats in
Cakovec and four blocks of flats in Delnice.
The POS projects are specific and reflect the
situation and the recently started trend of
state-subsidized house building in Croatia.
The so-called free market in Croatia does not
resolve the issue of house building. Today,
the number of flats built in Croatia has
dropped to only 1,000 from around 12,000
flats in the period before 1999. The
government therefore launched the project of
POS (state-sponsored building). “The main
aim of subsidizing house construction is to
facilitate the housing issue and make flats
more easily available to citizens. At the same
time, improvements are made in construction
industry, which is the moving force of the
entire economy. Funds for subsidized
building are secured directly or indirectly,
through tax policies or from public funds. ” 3
Such a system of building subsidized from
public funds requires high efficiency or high
productivity, which means building the
adequate number of flats at the lowest
possible cost. The envisaged investment
value for implementing the program is (gross
value of) 354 euros per square meter of a
house’s surface..
The POS architecture is limited by local
zidova kao kliznih stijena koje osiguravaju
jednostavnu transformaciju prostora.
Adaptabilnost se definira kroz instalacione
čvorove i tehnološku opremljenost (instalacioni
blokovi, ugradbeni ormari, kuhinje...).
Predstavljena su četiri idejna arhitektonska
projekta višestambenih zgrada koji
zadovoljavaju postavljene uvjete, prikazuju nov
način razmišljanja o urbanom stanovanju i nude
nov način života za početak 21. stoljeća.
Jedan od njih je arhitektonsko-urbanistički
natječaj Europan 2001- Jyvaskyla, Aijala,
Finska, te idejna arhitektonska rješenja u
Hrvatskoj o okviru projekta POS (Društveno
poticane stanogradnje) Ministarstva za javne
radove, obnovu i graditeljstvo Republike
Hrvatske - tri višestambene zgrade u Zagrebu –
Špansko, višestambena zgrada u Čakovcu, te
četiri višestambene zgrade u Delnicama.
Projekti POS-a specifični su i odražavaju
situaciju i trend poticane stanogradnje u
Hrvatskoj koji je nedavno započet.
Takozvano slobodno tržište u Hrvatskoj ne
rješava pitanje stanogradnje. Broj izgrađenih
stanova u godini u Hrvatskoj je s 12.000
stanova prije 1990. pao na samo 1.000 stanova
danas. Stoga je država pokrenula projekt
Društveno poticana stanogradnja, POS
“Osnovni je cilj poticanja stanogradnje taj da se
prosječnim građanima olakša rješavanje
stambenog pitanja i stan učini dostupnijim.
Istodobno se unapređuje i graditeljstvo, koje je
pokretački element cjelokupnoga gospodarstva.
Sredstva za poticanje stanogradnje osiguravaju
se posredno ili neposredno poreznom politikom
ili javnim sredstvima.“U takvom sustavu
poticane stanogradnje javnim sredstvima, traži
se tzv. “visoki učinak” ili visoka produktivnost,
što znači da se gradi odgovarajuća količina
stambenog prostora tražene kvalitete uz najniže
troškove. Predviđena investicijska vrijednost za
realizaciju programa iznosi 354 € kn/m2 brutto
razvijene površine zgrade.
POS – ova arhitektura ograničena je lokalnim
conditions, regulations determining the
different areas for flats with a different
number of rooms, minimum amount of
furniture, by the number and structure of flats,
cost-effectiveness factor and price of
construction work.The POS program is
realized through public tenders or contests.
Although every project has its own specifics,
according to varying programs and situation,
the approach towards designing is the same
because of the general postulates –
flexibility, variability and adaptability.
Buildings are transformable, open systems,
adapted to the evolution and the dynamicy of
the residental area and its users. And in the
dwelings thremselves, we see all kind of
other challenges being played out, to be
activated by the user to take a position, by
generating his or her own flexibility all the
time, over and over again. The layouts are
designed to accomodate the needs of
different way of living.
We are designing “a space intended for
living”, defined across functional borders,
which manifests itself as a “suitable void”, a
mobile, multi-purpose tempora space in
which we organise life according to individual
needs. The interior becomes spatiallly
comples, but clean and simple.
Whitin the volume of the building it is possible
to setup different sizes for each apartment, as
well as different sizes within predefined
modules, the floor plans of the building show
that is possible to change dispositions, which
are pretty basic and straigtforward. This is the
main concept of the living areas. There are
no defined volumes. The space can be
changed both within the same floor and within
the vertical development of each module.
Even in small layouts, one can enhance the
spatial quality by establishing links between
internal and external space and creating
alternative possibilities of organization the
space.The range of different dwelling sizes
required by the clients was achieved by
setting the dividing walls in different positions.
Sliding elements can be used to link or divide
internal spaces, they can also conceal
bathrooms and halls, and they allow the
circulation route. The sliding pannels between
uvjetima, pravilnikom kojim je određena
površina stanova različite sobnosti, minimalna
količina namještaja, brojem i strukturom
stanova koja je dobivena putem raspisivanja
javnih natječaja i odraz je realne potrebe,
faktorom ekonomičnosti, cijenom izgradnje.
Program POS-a provodi se putem
arhitektonskih natječaja, javnih ili pozivnih.
Iako svaki projekt nosi svoje specifičnosti
obzirom na različiti program i situaciju, upravo
zbog ovih generalnih postavki – fleksibilnost,
varijabilnost i adaptabilnost projekti imaju isti
pristup projektiranju.
Zgrade su otovoreni sustavi koji se
transformiraju, prilagođene evoluciji i dinamici
stambenog područja i njegovim korisnicima. I u
samim zgradama vidimo svakakvih drugih
izazova koji se izigravaju kako bi ih korisnik
aktivirao zauzimajući stav putem uvijek
nanovog stalnog generiranja svoje fleksibilnosti.
Nacrti su dizajnirani za prilagodbu potreba
drugačijeg načina življenja.
Projektira se «prostor namijenjen stanovanju» -
definiran preko funkcionalnih granica, a
manifestira se kao «odgovarajuća praznina»,
mobilni, polivalentni, temporalni prostor u kojem
organiziramo život prema individualnim
potrebama. Interijeri postaju prostorno
kompleksni, ali čisti i jednostavni.
Unutar prostora zgrade moguće je postaviti
različite veličine za svaki stan kao i različite
veličine unutar prethodno definiranih modula,
nacrti katova zgrade pokazuju da je moguće
promijeniti dispozicije koje su vrlo bazične i
izravne. To je glavni koncept područja življenja.
Ne postoje definirani prostori. Prostor može biti
promijenjen na istom katu kao i unutar
vertikalnog razvoja svakog modula. Čak i u
malim planovima može se prostorna kvaliteta
unaprijediti putem uspostave veza između
unutarnjih i vanjskih prostora i kreiranjem
alternativnih mogućnosti organizacije prostora.
Raspon različitih veličina zgrada kojeg
zahtjevaju klijenti dobiven je postavljanjem
pregradnih zidova
na različitim pozicijama. Struktura nosivih
elemenata i pregradnih stijena može prihvatiti
različite funkcionalne interpretacije. Posmični
elementi mogu biti korišteni za povezivanje ili
the principal rooms reflected specific
sequences of functions. The size of the
rooms enable them to be put to quite different
uses. It simply leaves the tenants to decide
for themselves hoe they want to organize
their life. This idea reflects what has been
mentioned before.
The dwelling types range from single-room
flats to 4.5 room flats, with areas between
about 40 m2 and 102 m2.
The floor over the basement is raised 80 cm
above ground level preventing direct views
into the ground floor flats and also allowing
basements to be naturally ventilated.
All dwellings have minimum double sided
orientation which provide maximum sun and
ventilation.
Each apartment has “multifunkcional” space:
balcony, loggia or integrated to the apartment
as an inside, closed space. All dwellings have
terrace-like balconies or private gardens. All
dwellings with a ground floor entrance have
gardens. The roofs can be used as private
outdoors areas.
Balconies are sufficiently wide so that they
provide space for sitting, for plants and can
be used as an extension of the interior space.
When the room-height glazed doors are
opened, the living room becomes a loggia-
like space.
Uniform system details ensure a
homogeneus external appearance, at the
same time allowing the addition of blinds -
solar and visual screen, in front of the
“multifunctional” space, without impairing the
overall form of the buildings.All elements of
the façade are reduced to two basic
dimensions of 60 and 120 cm, which are full
and fully-glassed or with a parapet.
The composition of facades offered a great
degree of flexibility and openness permiting
tenants to adapt the outer structure to their
individual needs without disturbing the
general rythm of the facades. Openness of
structure offers possibilities that tenants can,
fine-tune to their own, highly individual needs
– sliding shutters, blinds and loggias provide
pregrađivanje unutarnjih prostora, isto tako
mogu sakriti kupaone i hodnike i također
dopuštaju prohodnu rutu. Posmični paneli
između glavnih prostorija reflektiraju specifične
slijedove funkcija. Veličine prostorija si
omogućuju da budu iskorišteni u prilično
različite svrhe. Stanarima je jednostavno
prepušteno da sami odlučuju kako si ćele
organizirati život. Ideja reflektira ono što je već
bilo spomenuto.
Tipovi zgrada sežu od jednosobnih stanova do
četiriiposobna stana s površinom između
otprilike 40 m2 i 102 m2.
Kat iznad prizemlja povišen je 80 cm iznad
zemlje kako bi se spriječio direktan pogled u
stanove u prizemlju i kako bi se omogučilo
suterenima da budu prirodno prozračeni.
Stanovi su minimalno orijentirani na dvije strane
što osigurava maksimalnu sunčevu svjetlost i
prozračnost. .
Svaki stan je «multifunkcionalan» prostor:
balkon, loggia ili integrirano u stan kao
unutarnji, zatvoreni prostor. Svi stanov imaju
balkone nalik terasama ili privatne vrtove. Krov
se može korisiti kao privatni vanjski prostor.
Balkoni su dovoljno široki i pružaju dovoljno
mjesta za sjedenje, zelenilo a mogu se koristiti i
kao proširenje unutarnjeg prostora. Kad se
otvore staklene stjene visine prostorije, dnevni
boravak postaje poput loggia-e.
Uniformirani detalji sustava osiguravaju
homogeni vanjski izgled i istovremeno
omogućuje dodavanje tendi – solarnih i
vizualnih blokada ispred «multifunkcionalnog»
prostora bez narušavanja općeg oblika zgrada.
Svi su elementi pročelja svedeni na dvije
osnovne dimenzije od 60, odnosno 120 cm,
punih, potpuno ostakljenih ili s parapetom.
Kompozicija fasada ponudila je veliki stupanj
fleksibilnosti i otvorenosti koja je stanarima
dopustila prilagođavanje vanjske strukture
svojim individualnim potrebama bez ometanja
općeg ritma fasada. Otvorenost strukture otvara
stanarima mogućnosti finog prilagođavanja
svojim vlastitim, visoko individualiziranim
potrebama – posmične rolete, tende i lodže
several filtering layers between public space
and privacy. These elements, like the second
skin, provide sense of security and privacy,
especially on the ground floor.
At the moment a flat turns from the status of a
flat for an unknown user to the status of a flat
for a known use, it becomes possible to go
about final shaping and define the flat (layout
organisation, setting up partition walls, interior
stairways, terrace, loggia, kitchen and
bathroom...) with no consequences for the
shaping of the building depending on the
buyer's demands or market conditions.
Carefully designed entrances and staircases
all help to create a pleasant housing
environment.
By carefully distinguishing between public,
semipublic and private space, a gradual
withdrawal from the public realm is possible,
with scope for personal contacts with
neighbours.
If one can generalize on the basis of the
examples shown here, the pattern would
seem to be a layout with a fixed core,
consisting of the sanitary areas (kitchen, WC
and bathroom), and 1-4 spatial units of
diferent sizes that can be flexibly divided.
Europan 2001, Jyvaskyla, Aijala, Finland
Architecture in between – water, land, air
Strip along the lake – multifunctional – social
magnet – marina, swimming area,
playgrounds, sport facilities, strolling.
The 'interaction' of the green areas – parking
structures – zones for socializing and other
activities – public/shared areas: park,
squares, playgrounds...'The green wave' –
combines both parking and communications
– artificial mound covered with grass.
The view – it opens up the forest – the lake –
the city – it catches the last rays of setting
sun
Individual – common
Entrance to the private residential building
from exterior, semi-public walkways – a semi-
public gallery connecting the entrance
bridges.
stvaraju nekoliko slojeva filtera između javnog i
privatnog prostora. Ovi elementi kao i drugi sloj
daju neku vrstu sigurnosti i privatnosti, posebno
u prizemlju.
U trenutku kada stan prelazi iz statusa stana za
nepoznatog korisnika u status stana za
poznatog korisnika omogućava se završno
oblikovanje i definiranje stana (tlocrtna
organizacija, postavljanje pregradnih stijena
internih stubišta, terasa, loggia, kuhinja i
kupaonica...) bez posljedica na oblikovanje
zgrade ovisno o zahtjevima kupaca, tj. ovisno o
tržišnim uvjetima.
Brižno dizajnirani ulazi i stubišta pomažu pri
stvaranju ugodnog okruženja stanovanja.
Pažljivim razdvajanjem javnog, polujavnog i
privatnog prostora, moguće je povlačenje iz
javnog područja s prostorom za osobne
kontakte sa susjedima.
Ako se može generalizirati na temelju ovdje
prikazanih primjera, slika bi izgledala kao nacrt
s fiksnom srži koja se sastoji od sanitarnih
čvorova (kuhinja, WC i kupaona) i 1-4
prostornih jedinica različitih veličina koje
fleksibilno mogu biti podijeljene.
Europan 2001- Jyvaskyla, Aijala, Finska
Architecture in between – water, land (earth),
air
Pojas uz jezero - multifunkcionalan – social
magnet – marina, swimming area, playgrounds,
sport facilities, strolling...
The «interaction» of the green areas – parking
structures – zones for socializing and other
activities – public/shared areas: park, squares,
playgrounds...«The green wawe» - combines
both parking and comunications – artifical
mound covered with grass.
The view – it opens up the forest – the lake –
the city – it catches the last rays of fading sun
Individual – common
Entrance into the private residential building
from exterior, semi public walkways – a semi
public galery connecting the entrance bridges
Residences: introvert and extrovert – the
building is oriented to the outside (a light at the
night), the volume is dematerialized. The main
concept that carries throughout is transparency,
Residences: introvert and extrovert – the
building is oriented to the outside (light at
night), the volume is dematerialized. The
main concept that carries throughout is
transparency, leading on to the idea of 'in
between'.
Block of flats Spansko, Zagreb
Requirement: Preliminary architectural/urban
planning solution for the Program of state-
subsidized house building , three buildings,
each on a defined terrain of 24x21 metres,
roughly 30x3 flats, maximum of storeys:
ground floor plus six.
Square layout is defined by the shape of the
area, the stairway is positioned centrally and
the flats are zoned. The 120cm deep facade
zone is envisaged to take the terraces and
extensions of flats. The position of outer
rooms can 'slide' along the entire facade. The
other zone of extension is envisaged for
terraces of up to 180 cm deep, which will
create the righ plastic of the facade. Further
emphasis is made by shaping the fences of
terraces, which are highlighted by color and
material (metal grid, plexiglass, wooden
fence).
Northwest, southwest and south eastern
facade is shaped by sliding panels which
provide protection from the sun, noise and
looks. Projecting parts on the northern facade
are coated with wood. Such shaping of the
leading on to the idea of «in between».
Višestambene zgrade Špansko, Zagreb
Zadatak: idejno arhitektonsko-urbanističko
rješenje za Program društveno poticane
stanogradnje, 3 višestambene zgrade, svaka na
zadanoj parceli 24x21 m, cca 30x3 stanova,
maksimalna katnost objekta P+6
Kvadratični tlocrtni oblik definiran je oblikom
parcele, stubište je smješteno centralno, a
stanovi zonirani. Zona pročelja dubine 120 cm
predviđena je za terase i ekstenziju stanova.
Položaj vanjskih prostora moguće je “klizati”
duž cijelog pročelja. Druga je zona ekstenzije
predviđena za terase do dubine 180 cm koje
stvaraju bogatu plastiku pročelja. Dodatni
naglasak dan je oblikovanjem ograda tih terasa
koje su naglašene bojom i materijalom (metalna
mreža, pleksiglas, drvena ograda).
Sjeverozapadno, jugozapadno i jugoistočno
pročelje oblikovano je kliznim lamelama koje
pružaju zaštitu od sunca, buke i pogleda. Istake
na sjevernom dijelu pročelja obložene su
drvom. Takav način oblikovanja pročelja
omogućava visoki stupanj participacije korisnika
facade makes possible a high degree of
participation of users because their special
wishes about functionality and size of the flat
can be met with no consequences on the
shaping of the building.
Block of flats Cakovec
Requirement: preliminary architectural/urban
planning solution for the POS, approximately
28 flats, varying number of storeys (one part
is ground floor +2 and loft, the other
basement, ground floor, first floor, loft),
solution must envisage saddleback roof with
38 degrees inclination.
Terrain with L-shaped layout borders on
exisiting block of flats with its southeastern
side.
Flats are always enetered from outside The
zoning of the entrance and orientation of flats
towards galeries is solved by multi-layered
garden fronts. The flats are organised as one-
and two-storey, with the possibility of
entrance on every floor, and the possibility of
sliding the entrance along the front. The
concept of getting closer to individual housing
is emphasized by making roofs which are
one-side slanted roof, but in different
directions.
jer se bez posljedica na oblikovanje zgrade
mogu uvažiti posebe želje korisnika vezane na
funkcionalnost i veličinu stana.
Višestambena zgrada Čakovec
Zadatak: idejno arhitektonsko-urbanističko
rješenje za Program društveno poticane
stanogradnje, cca 28 stanova, katnost objekta
(dio P+2+Pk, a drugi, Po+P+1+Pk), uvjetovano
je rješavanje krovova kao dvostrešnih nagiba
38 stupnjeva.
Parcela L tlocrtnog oblika jugoistočnim se
dijelom pročelja naslanja na postojeću
višestambenu zgradu.
U stanove se ulazi uvijek s vanjskih površina - u
sve stanove u prizemlju ulazi se iz vrtova, dok
se u ostale stanove na etažama ulazi preko
mostova s natkrivene galerije što omogućava
veću intimnost ulaska u stanove. Stanovi su
organizirani kao jednoetaži i dvoetažni sa
mogućnošću ulaska na svakoj etaži, te
mogućnošću “klizanja” ulaza duž pročelja.
Koncept približavanja individualnom stanovanju
naglašen je rješavanjem krovova koji su
izvedeni kao jednostrešni, ali u različitim
smjerovima.
Svaki stan omogućava visoki stupanj
participacije korisnika, organiziranje rasporeda
prostorija uz ulično ili dvorišno pročelje, ili po
Every flat enables the user to participate to a
high degree, organisation of the layout of
rooms by the street or the yard side, or along
the vertical line. Construction scope makes
possible a variety of solutions for the
organisation of flats along the vertical or
horizontal lines, merging various units makes
it possible to have a variable number of
rooms (4.20 along the vertical = 3-r flat, 2x
4.20 along the horizontal gives a 3.5-r flat, the
ranges of 4.20 + 3.60 on the horizontal = 3-r
flat, 3x 4.20 = 2-r + 2.5 r flat, 1x4.20 = 1.5-r
flat, and 1x3.60 = 1-r flat).
vertikali. Konstruktivni raspon omogućava niz
varijantnih rješenja organizacije stanova po
verikali ili horizontali, spajanjem različitih
jedinica omogućava se različita sobnost
stanova (4.20 po vertikali = 3-sobni stan, 2x
4.20 po horizontali daje 3.5-sobi stan, rasponi
4.20 +3.60 po horizontali = 3-sobni stan, 3x
4.20 – 2-sobni + 2.5-sobni stan, 1x4.20 = 1.5-
sobni stan, a 1x 3.60 = 1-sobni stan)

Blocks of flats Delnice

Višestambene zgrade – Delnice
Requirement: make preliminary project of
Zadatak: projektirati idejno arhitektonsko-
architectural/urban planning solution for a
urbanističko rješenje višestambene zgrade sa
block of flats with about 30 flats, with a
cca 30 stanova sa mogućnošću etapne
possibility of building in stages, basement,
izgradnje, katnost objekta Po+P+3, uvjetovano
ground floor and three floors, roof must be
je rješavanje krovova kao dvostrešnih nagiba
saddleback, with 45 degrees inclination.
45 stupnjeva.
Obzirom na specifični oblik parcele i okolnu
Considering the specific shape of the terrain
izgradnju stanovi su (ukupno 32) podijeljeni u 4
and ongoing building in the neighbourhood,
objekta čime je postignuta rahlost izgradnje te
the flats (a total of 32) are divided in four
omogućena etapnost gradnje. U svakom
buildings, which allows low density building
objektu nalazi se po 8 stanova, 2 stana na
and enables building in stages. In every
stubište što omogućava trostranu orijentaciju
object there are eight flats, two flats giving at
svakog stana.
the stairway, which enables each flat to face
Orijentacija parcele S-J i njena dimenzija,
on three sides.
rezultirali su plitkim tlocrtima, tj. svjetla dubina
The north-south orientation of the terrain and
kuća je svega 6 m. Sa sjeverne strane u zoni
its dimension resulted in shallow layouts, with
širine 1.80m smješteni su svi servisni prostori u
the net width of the houses at only six metres. stanu, dok su sve glavne prostorije orijentirane
All utility rooms in the flat are positioned on na J-Z i J-I. The dwellings posseses sheltered
the north side, in the 1.80m wide zone, while loggias 1.6 x 2.4 m in size.
all main rooms are oriented southwest or
southeast. The flats have sheltered loggias
1.6 x 2.4 m in size.

Considering the microclimate, the buildings Obzirom na mikroklimu, zgrade su maksimalno

are maximally compact. The simplicity of kompaktne. Jednostavnosti volumena
volumes is contrasted with playful suprotstavljaju se razigrani raspored i dimenzije
organisation and dimension of openings and otvora, te formati fasadne obloge.
the formats of facade covers.

Iako su predstavljene stambene zgrade

Although the houses presented here were
projektirane sa puno ograničenja vezanih na
designed with a lot of limitations related to
specifične uvjete u kojima su nastajale,
specific conditions in which they were
pokušalo se maksimalno implementirati
created, we have tried to implement ideas of
razmišljanja o suvremenom načinu stanovanja.
modern housing to the maximum. The
Primjena istraživanja na konkretne zadatke
application of research on concrete tasks
osigurava impulse koji nam pomažu promisliti
provides impulses that may help us rethink
naše koncepte stanovanja.
our concepts of what housing should be.

Experiments in housing are rare, but

Eksperimentiranje u stanovanju je rijetko, ali
research of new (experimental) spatial
istraživanje novih (eksperimentalnih)
systems in accordance with the needs,
prostornih sustava sukladno promjenama
wishes and aspirations of the users must be
potreba, želja i aspiracija korisnika stanova
the architest's duty.
mora biti obaveza arhitekata.
Multifunkcionalnost u načinu korištenja,
Multipurposness in the way of usage,
individualizacija višestambenog stanovanja,
individualisation of multi-flat housing,
participacija, implementacija IT, suvremeni
participation, implementation of IT,
dizajn uz korištenje najsuvremenijih dostupnih
contemporary design with the use of state-of-
tehnologija, “inteligentni“ okoliš i prostori
the-art technologies, 'intelligent' environment
stanovanja uz strategiju održivog razvoja i
and housing spaces with the strategy of
sustainable development and ecological
approach are of utmost importance for the
development of housing architecture.
“Everything can be made, every object is
imaginable and nothing seems weird or
extravagant any more” MVRDV 3
Citations:
1. van Toorn R. - The Society of The
And, Constructing Progressive
Reflexivity in The And, unpublished
manuscript, 1998. in Migayrou F.,
Brayer M., ArchiLab –Radical
Experiments in Global Architecture,
Thames&Hudson, London, 2001.
2. Eberle D. - Convience and Context in
Housing, An Interview with Dietmar
Eberle, Detail 3-2002.
3. www.mjr.hr - POS
4. MVRDV - Datascape, The Final
Extravaganza, Daidalos, n. 69/70,
December 1998-January 1999.
References:
1. Eberle D. - Convience and Context in
Housing, An Interview with Dietmar
Eberle, Detail 3-2002.
2. MVRDV, Datascape, The Final
Extravaganza, Daidalos, n. 69/70
(December 1998-January 1999.)
3. Migayrou F., Brayer M. - ArchiLab –
Radical Experiments in Global
Architecture, Thames&Hudson,
London, 2001.
4. Gausa M. – Housing: new alternatives
- new systems, Birkhauser Publishers,
Basel, Boston, Berlin, Actar,
Barcelona, 1998.
ekološki pristup od najvećeg su značaja za
razvoj stambene arhitekture.
«Napraviti se može sve, svaki objekt možete
zamisliti i ništa se više ne čini čudnim ili
ekstravagantnim» MVRDV 3
Citations:
1. van Toorn R. - The Society of The And,
Constructing Progressive Reflexivity in The
And, unpublished manuscript, 1998. in
Migayrou F., Brayer M., ArchiLab –Radical
Experiments in Global Architecture,
Thames&Hudson, London, 2001.
2. Eberle D. - Convience and Context in
Housing, An Interview with Dietmar Eberle,
Detail 3-2002.
3. www.mjr.hr - POS
4. MVRDV - Datascape, The Final
Extravaganza, Daidalos, n. 69/70, December
1998-January 1999.
Reference:
1. Eberle D. - Convience and Context in
Housing, An Interview with Dietmar Eberle,
Detail 3-2002.
2. MVRDV, Datascape, The Final
Extravaganza, Daidalos, n. 69/70 (December
1998-January 1999.)
3. Migayrou F., Brayer M. - ArchiLab –Radical
Experiments in Global Architecture,
Thames&Hudson, London, 2001.
4. Gausa M. – Housing: new alternatives - new
systems, Birkhauser Publishers, Basel, Boston,
Berlin, Actar, Barcelona, 1998.