saan017 ORACLE DBA: Automatic Storage Management (ASM) ~Detall ) 6+ More Next Boge reste Blog Sign ORACLE DBA Wrsnendny Aug Maa Kamiety ‘Automatic Storage Management (ASM) --Detail i my cori ee ‘race Database 10g Release 1, introduced Automatic Storage Management(ASM), @ new framework for managing Oracle database fle, to bypass the 05 overhead, to simplify Oracle data management, hg Artve to enforce the SAME (Stripe And Mirror Everywhere, RAIDIO), and > more to provide a platform for file sharing in RAC and Grid computing. yee) ‘Automatic Storage Management (ASM) i 8 new type of fe system, ASM provides a foundation” SePame="() for highly efficient storage management with kerneized asynchronous /0, direct 1/0, ¥ Aap 1) redundaney, striping, and an easy way to manage storage. ASM s recommended fle system Ors Ds Gun hia Quetons {or RAC and single instance ASM for storing database fs, This provides crect I/O tothe file Ars ane performance is comparable with that provides by raw devices Oracle creates a separate Aortic Sage Menegemenl (ASM) Instance for this purpose, Bes Whats Grace Gotlengte? {ASM includes volume management functionality similar to that of 2 generic Igieal volume bu snraion soon aan ‘manager Automatic Storage Management (ASM) will ake physical disk parttions ane manages thelr contents in a way that efficiently supports the ies needed to create an Oracle database, Cohorts Reslarpeaon Chater ran ate Ort Crewe [Automatic Storage Management (ASM) simplifies administration of Oracle related fas by lain bau Cher Fe ayten Allowing the admin stator to reference clskgroups rather than hundreds of individual disks {and files, which are managed by ASM, The ASM functonalty Is an extension ofthe Oracle ‘Managed Files (OMF) functonalty that als includes striping and mirroring to provide balanced WT we ise Orch ASM fr rads {ang secure storage. The ASH functionality can be used in combination with exstng raw ané ve cooked filesystems, along with OMF and manually managed fles. oyster stron a {efore ASM, there were only two choices: fle system storage and raw cisk storage. Filesystem Sau Oncl Dua bu ‘storage is flexible, afawing te OBA to see the Indvidualfles and te move them, capy EET, Sa Down pos a Da eapewton lane back them up easly, out I alee incurs overhead, aw clek storage nas no fle ciectores font, and Oracle manages its blocks dracly, which maxes it more ecient. Raw disk storage SS 's such a manageablity nightmare that few DBAS use > save) > sn ASM isthe middle ground. 1s raw disk storage managed by Oracle, and its very efficient. ‘Oracle uses scalec down Oracle instance to simulate a file structure on t where none exists, by recording al the metadata, The metadata enables the Recovery Manager (RMAN) to Backup and restore Orace es easy within I ‘Setting up storage takes a significant amount of time during most database installations. Zeroing on a specie disk configuration from among the multiple possbities requires careful planning ane analysis, and mast important, intimate knowledge of storage technology, volume ‘managers, and ile systems. The design tasks at this stage can be loosely described as follows: 1. Confirm that storage is recognized atthe OS level and determine the level of redundancy prtaction that might already be provided (hardware RAID, called external reduncancy in ASH). 2. Assemble ane buld logical volume groups and determine fstrping or mitroing is also necessary. 43. Buléa fle system on the logical volumes created by the logical volume manager. 4, Set the ownership and privileges so thatthe Oracle process can open, read, and writ to the devices s. \Cevate a datanast on that fle system wile taking cae to create special files such as redo logs, temporary tablespaces, and undo tablespaces in non-RAID locations, if possible All above tass, striping, mirroring, logical ie system bulding, are done to serve Oracle database, Oracle database fers some techniques of it own to simply or enhance the process, Lets DBAS execute many of the above tasks completely within the Orace framework. Using ASM you can transform a bunch of disks to a highly sealable and performance file system/volume manager using nothing more than what comes with Oracle database sofware at po ‘exe cost anc you don't need to be an expert in sk, volume managers, o filesystem management You ean store the following fle types in ASM ciskaroups: + Datafies hupstimadhukamisetyblogepati’206/08/automatc-storage-management-asm-eta.niml ws.saran017 ORACLE DBA: Automatic Storage Management (ASM) ~Detall + Conta les {+ Qoline redo logs + Aechive logs + Flashback logs + SPrILES “+ RMAN backups + Temporary datafles + Datatle copies + Disaster recovery configurations ‘+ Change tracking imap ‘+ Datapump dumpsets In summary, ASM provides the following funetionalty/festures + Manages groups of csks, called ciskoroups. Must be carful while choosing disks fora ciskaroup, + Manages disk redundancy within a dlskgroup, + Proves neer-optimal 1/0 balancing without any manual tuning. + Enables management of database objects without specifying mount points and flenames, + Supports rae fe + Replacement for CFS (Clster Fle System). + Anew instance type ~ ASM Is Introduced n 109 + ASM instance has ne data eietionary + ADisk can be a partal, full or@ LUN from the RG. + YO's spread evenly across all disks ofa diskgroup. + Disks can be dynamically added to any aiskeroup. + When combined with OMF increases manageabilty. + ASM cannot maintain empty directories "delete Input” has issues, create a dummy directory + Use of ASM diskgroup is very simple create tablespace. + Enterprise Manager can also be used for administering diskgroupe + Only RMAN can be used with ASW. + Introduces three additional Oracle background processes ~ RBAL, ARBX and ASMS. ‘+ ASMB ~ This ASMB process Is used to provide Information to and from cluster synchronization {services used by ASM to manage the disk resources, Is also used to update statistics and provide 3 “+ Re-Balance, RBA, - RBAL isthe ASM related process that performs rebalancing of disk resources + Actual Rebalance, ARBX - ARBX is configured by ASM_POWER_UMTT. + ASM instance has it own set of vgviews and in.ors parameters. The advantages of ASM are + Disk Adeition - Aang a disk is very easy. No downtime is required and fle ext automatically + V0 Distrbution - 1/0 is spread over al the avaliable disks automaticaly, without manual intervention, reducing chances of@ hat spot + Stripe Width ~Stping can be fine grained as in redolg files (128K for faster transfer rate) and coarse for alates (1MB for transfer of a large number of blacks at one tie). + Miroring~ SoRware miroring can be set up easily, if hardware mirorng isnot avaiable. + uttering ~The ASM fle syster is not buffered, making it drect 1/0 capable by éesian. + Keenelzed Asynehronous 1/0 - There is no special setup necessary to enable kemeized asynchronous 1/0, ‘without using raw or tirparty Me systems such as Veritas Quick 1/0. ASM Instance The ASH functionalt Is controlled by an ASM instance. Ths is a special Instance, not @ database where users can create objects, Just the memory structures and as such is vary mall ang lightweight, ith ASM, you don't have to creste anything on the OS sie; the festure will group a st of physleal disks toa logical entity known as a clskgroup. A diskgroup is anslogous to @ striped and optionally mirrored, Me system, witn important ‘ferences: I's not @ general-purpose fle system for storing user fles and its net buffered. Diskgroup offers the ‘advantage of cect access fo ths space as a raw device, yet provides the convenience and lexibllty ofa filesystem. All {the metacate about the dsks are stored inthe diskgroups themselves, making them as self-cesesbing as possible ‘This special ASM instance is similar to other filesystems in that It must be running for ASM to work and can't be modified by the user. One ASM instance can serve numberof Oracle databases. ASM Instance and eatabase instances hupstimadhukamisetyblogepativ206/08/automatc-storage-management-asm-etaniml anssaran017 ORACLE DBA: Automatic Storage Management (ASM) ~Detall Logial volume managers typically use 2 function, such as hashing, to map the logical address of the blocks tothe phrysial blocks. This computation uses CPU cycles, When 2 new ciskis added, ths typieal striping function requires each Bit ofthe entire dataset to be relocated. In contrast, ASM uses this special instance to address the mapping ofthe fle ‘extents to the physical esk blocks, This design, in adettion to being fast in locating te fle extents, helps while adding or removing disks because the locations of fle extents need net be coordinated ‘You should start the instance up when the server i booted Let should be tarts before the database Instances, and it shouldbe one ofthe last things stopped when the server is shutdown. From 11.2.0, we can use ASMCMD to start and Stop the ASH instances. ‘Te intialzation parameters thet are specific to an ASM instance are + INSTANCE_TYPE - Set to ASM, The default is RDBMS, + AS¥_DISKGROUPS - The lst of dskgroups that should be mounted by an ASM instance during instance startup, or by the ALTER DISKGROUP ALL MOUNT statement, ASM configuration changes are automatically reflected in this parameter, + ASM_DISKSTRING - Species a value that can be used to limit the disks considereé for elscovery: The default value is NULL allowing all stable sks to be considered. Altering the default value may improve the speed of Cskoroup mount time and the speed of adding a cis to a ciskoroup, Changing the paramater toa valve which bravents the discovery of already mounted disks results in an error. + AS™_POWER_LIMIT -The maximum power for @ rebalancing operation on an ASM instance, The valid values range from 1 (default) to 12. The higher the limit the more resources are allocated resulting in faster rebalancing operations. Ths valu is also used asthe default when the POWER clause is omitted from a rebalance operation. A value of O disables rebalancing + AS®_PREFERRED_READ_FAILURE_GROUPS - Ths initialization parameter value (defaults NULL) i 8 comma Geliited st of sings that species the failure groups that shouldbe preferentially read by the given instance. This parameter Is generally used only for clustered ASM instances and its value can be diferent on diferent nodes. This is from Oracle 119 + DB_UNIQUE_NAME - Species a globally unique name forthe database, Tis fa ‘altered if you intend to run mutiple ASM instances. ASM but must be ‘To create an ASM instance frst create pf, init +ASM.ora, In the /tmp directory, containing the following parameter INSTANCE_TYPE = ASM Next, connect tothe ideal instance: ‘export ORACLE_SID=+ASM SQL> salpls "as sysdbo" Create a spile using the contents ofthe init+ASH.ora le ‘SQL> CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE='/tmpyini-+ASM.ora'; SQL> startup nomount ASM instance started “otal System Global Area 130023426 bytes Foxed Size 2028368 bytes Variable Size 102829232 bytes [ASM Cache 25165824 bytes The ASM instance is now ready to use for creat 19 and mounting diskaroups. ‘Once an ASM instance is prasen, diskaroups can be used forthe fllowing parameters in database instances (ANSTANCE_TVPE-RDBMS) to allow ASH fe creation + CONTROL, FILES + 08 CREATE_FILE_DEST + DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n + DB RECOVERY _FILE_DEST + LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n ‘Startup of ASM Instances [ASM Instances are started and stopped In a similar way to normal database instances. infliaks “The options forthe STARTUP command are: + NOMOUNT - Starts the ASM instance without mounting any diskaroups. + MOUNT - Starts the ASM instance and mounts the ciskeroups speciied by the ASM_DISKGROUPS parameter. + OPEN - ASM instance does not have open stage. + FORCE - Performs a SHUTDOWN ASORT betore restarting the ASM instance. |ASMEMD equivalent for thie command i startup (139 R2 command). hupstimadhukamisetyblogepativ206/08/automatc-storage-management-asm-etaniml ans.