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1.1 INTRODUCTION
upgrading day by day and everyday it creating our life easier, so we have to take advantage
of these advancements. The world is trending towards fastest technology, by looking at all
these aspects, the idea came to our mind to make a project about automatic car washing
AUTOMATIC CAR WASHING SYSTEM
system, which will not only save our time, but it will also minimize labor work as well as
BLOCK DIAGRAM.
work will be more efficient.
3.Entrepreneurship.
4.NCM
WIPE WATER
STATION
5.AMT. Kindly let me know the name of teachers who taught you in 7th sem.
2.Mechatronics.
DRYING STATION
3.Entrepreneurship. (Cooling fan Air
OUT
station)
4.NCM
5.AMT.
O/P 1 O/P 2 O/P 3
Control circuit
IC 4017 / 555
RECTIFER
CURCUIT
1.3 ADVANTAGES
1) The whole system is automatic so no manpower required.
2) If we use special car washing pressure pumps no compressor will required.
3) Can be use in domestic service stations, as there is no compressor & number of loud noise.
4) Very less maintenance.
5) Comparatively cost of system is less.
6) No. more space required.
7) No. environmental pollution.
1.4 LIMITATIONS
1.5 APPLICATIONS
1) In car manufacturing companies. After final assembly of car.
2) In service stations.
The mechanical assembly consists of two motors with gear assembly with it. This gear
assembly reduces the revolutions per minute of the motor and it increase the torque that is the driving
power of the system. The threaded bolt is bored at its head side and the motor shaft is inserted inside
the fixed properly. The motor is fixed on a base, which is also movable, but with another motor. If
the motor with bolt assembly is started the bolt rotates in one direction. And being a dc motor if the
supply polarities are interchanged, then the motor and the bolt rotates in opposite direction.
A bolt which is suitable for nut is used. If the bolt motor assembly rotates the, nut also rotates in anti-
clockwise direction. Since the motor and bolt assembly is steady, the nut travels in upward direction
and downward direction, as the motor rotates in clockwise and anti-clockwise respectively.
This movement is done by another dc motor. This dc motor is also provided with gears, which
reduces the speed and increases the power of the system. A rack and Pinter gear assembly is used
here. One horizontal gear is placed at the bottom of the assembly and the shaft with gear assembly
of the motor is aligned in such a way that. The motor rotates in one direction it travels along the
horizontal gear in horizontal directions. The pallet with the vertical motor assembly is mounted on
this horizontally traveling motor. This assembly also moves along with the motor. Thus, the motor
is operated in steps and thus, the traveling is also done in steps. In four different steps the four
different functions are done.
Immediate after car come on the belt, the clean water supply is started and then the trolley
movement. i.e. travel starts, and then at another stage, the wipe motor start o wipe the car. After
passing through different wiper, the car is dried in a separate chamber and then the horizontal motor
stops and the vertical lifting motors starts and rotates in opposite direction than the first movement.
The nut assembly with the car pallet comes down. Then the horizontal traveling motor is on with
reversed supply polarity and the travel starts in opposite direction. The horizontal parallel moves in
back word direction. The pallet comes at its original position, from where the next car can be loaded
for washing purpose.
The movement of pallets and the water supply is totally achieved with electrical
supply. The details of each block can be explained as follows.
Our system works on time sharing basis. Initially one timer is ON which will provide the dc supply
to the motor. Within the specified time the car is come on the conveyor belt. Then this timer is OFF
and next timer starts. This timer makes the first motor ON which splashier the clean water on the car.
After the time is over this motor is OFF. The next timer starts and this provides supply to the
horizontally moving pallet. After the specified time it is stopped and next timer starts which wipe the
water of the car.
Here the water wipe is done. Then the time is over and next timer starts which provide supply to the
traveling motor. The car trolley moves ahead and then stops as the time is over. The next timer starts
which moves, the car in next compartment where car is dried with the fan. The car is allowed to wait
here some time and then the motor rotates in opposite direction and the pallet comes down. The car
can be taken out. Now the next timer is ON and the base trolley travels in opposite direction. All the
timers are switching a relay for a particular time and the motors and the water supplying motor’s are
ON for that period only.
POWER SUPPLY
Power supplies are designed to convert high voltage AC mains to a suitable low voltage supply for
electronic circuits and other devices. A power supply can be broken down into a series of blocks, each
of which performs a particular function.
For example a 5V regulated supply.
Fig 3.1 (Block diagram of regulated power supply system)
3.1 TRANSFORMER
Transformers convert AC electricity from one voltage to another with little loss of power.
Transformers work only with AC and this is one of the reasons why mains electricity is AC. The two
types of transformers
Most power supplies use a step-down transformer to reduce the dangerously high mains
voltage (230V in UK) to a safer low voltage. The input coil is called the primary and the output
coil is called the secondary. There is no electrical connection between the two coils, instead
they are linked by an alternating magnetic field created in the soft-iron core of the transformer.
The two lines in the middle of the circuit symbol represent the core.
Transformers waste very little power so the power out is (almost) equal to the power in. Note that as
voltage is stepped down current is stepped up. The ratio of the number of turns on each coil, called the
turn ratio, determines the ratio of the voltages. A step-down transformer has a large number of turns
on its primary (input) coil which is connected to the high voltage mains supply, and a small number
of turns on its secondary (output) coil to give a low output voltage.
𝑽𝒑 𝑵𝒑
Turns Ratio = =
𝑽𝒔 𝑵𝒔
Vs Is = Vp Ip
Where
A bridge rectifier can be made using four individual diodes, but it is also available in
special packages containing the four diodes required. It is called a full-wave rectifier because it uses
all AC wave (both positive and negative sections). 1.4V is used up in the bridge rectifier because each
diode uses 0.7V when conducting and there are always two diodes conducting, as shown in the diagram
below. Bridge rectifiers are rated by the maximum current they can pass and the maximum reverse
voltage they can withstand (this must be at least three times the supply RMS voltage so the rectifier
can withstand the peak voltages). In this alternate pairs of diodes conduct, changing over the
connections so the alternating directions of AC are converted to the one direction of DC.
3.3 SMOOTHING
Smoothing is performed by a large value electrolytic capacitor connected across the DC supply
to act as a reservoir, supplying current to the output when the varying DC voltage from the rectifier
is falling. The diagram shows the unsmoothed varying DC (dotted line) and the smoothed DC (solid
line). The capacitor charges quickly near the peak of the varying DC, and then discharges as it supplies
current to the output.
Note that smoothing significantly increases the average DC voltage to almost the peak value (1.4 ×
RMS value). For example 6V RMS AC is rectified to full wave DC of about 4.6V RMS (1.4V is
lost in the bridge rectifier), with smoothing this increases to almost the peak value giving
1.4 × 4.6 = 6.4V smooth DC.
Smoothing is not perfect due to the capacitor voltage falling a little as it discharges, giving a small
ripple voltage. For many circuits a ripple which is 10% of the supply voltage is satisfactory and the
equation below gives the required value for the smoothing capacitor. A larger capacitor will give fewer
ripples. The capacitor value must be doubled when smoothing half-wave DC.
Vs × f
Where
Vs = supply voltage in volts (V), this is the peak value of the unsmoothed DC
3.4 REGULATOR
Fig. 3.5 (Regulator)
Voltage regulator ICs are available with fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V) or variable output voltages.
They are also rated by the maximum current they can pass. Negative voltage regulators are available,
mainly for use in dual supplies. Most regulators include some automatic protection from excessive
current (‘overload protection') and overheating (‘thermal protection'). Many of the fixed voltage
regulator ICs has 3 leads and look like power transistors, such as the 7805 +5V 1A regulator shown
on the right. They include a hole for attaching a heat sink if necessary.
Transformer
The low voltage AC output is suitable for lamps, heaters and special AC motors. It is not suitable for
electronic circuits unless they include a rectifier and a smoothing capacitor.
Transformer + Rectifier
Fig. 3.7 (Power supply of Transformer + Rectifier)
The varying DC output is suitable for lamps, heaters and standard motors. It is not suitable for
electronic circuits unless they include a smoothing capacitor.
The smooth DC output has a small ripple. It is suitable for most electronic circuits.
GND
J1 D2 1000uf
3
gnd
3
2 C1
1 V
D3
D4
The regulated DC output is very smooth with no ripple. It is suitable for all electronic circuits.
COMPONENTS
4.1 DC MOTOR
A DC motor is any of a class of electrical machines that converts direct current
electrical power into mechanical power. The most common types rely on the forces produced
by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either
of the motor. Most types produce rotary motion; a linear motor directly produces force and
DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered
from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can
be controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing
the strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and
appliances. The universal motor can operate on direct current but is a lightweight motor used
for portable power tools and appliances. Larger DC motors are used in propulsion of electric
vehicles, elevator and hoists, or in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of power
application.
4.2 DRYER
Dryer is a DC fan which has used in ACWS for drying purpose. Two dryers used in this
project, each fan has 5 volts and 0.12 ampere of rating.
Belt conveyors are the most commonly used powered conveyors because they are
the most versatile and the least expensive. Product is conveyed directly on the
belt so both regular and irregular shaped objects, large or small, light and heavy,
can be transported successfully. These conveyors should use only the highest
quality premium belting products, which reduces belt stretch and results in less
maintenance for tension adjustments. Belt conveyors can be used to transport
product in a straight line or through changes in elevation or direction. It's a
mechanical machine consisting of a continuous moving belt that transports
materials from one place to another place.
It will Suck the water and it will spraying by water sprinkle on the car.
ii. AT89C51 from Atmel Corporation – Atmel fabricated the flash ROM version of
8051 which is popularly known as AT89C51 (‘C’ in the part number indicates CMOS). The
flash memory can erase the contents within seconds which is best for fast growth. Therefore,
8751 is replaced by AT89C51 to eradicate the waiting time required to erase the contents and
hence expedite the development time. To build up a microcontroller based system using
AT89C51, it is essential to have ROM burner that supports flash memory. Note that in Flash
memory, entire contents must be erased to program it again. The contents are erased by the
ROM burner. Atmel is working on a newer version of AT89C51 that can be programmed using
the serial COM port of IBM PC in order to get rid of the ROM burner.
Part I/O
ROM RAM Timer Interrupt Vcc Packaging
Number pins
AT89C51 4K 128 32 2 6 5V 40
AT89C52 8K 256 32 3 8 5V 40
AT89C1051 1K 64 15 1 3 3V 20
AT89C2051 2K 128 32 3 8 3V 20
AT89LV51 4K 128 32 2 6 3V 40
AT89LV52 8K 128 32 3 8 3V 40
iii. DS5000 from Dallas Semiconductor – Dallas Semiconductor fabricated the NV-
RAM version of the 8051 which is known as DS5000. The PC serial port is utilized to load the
program onto the in-built ROM. The advantage of NV-RAM memory is the facility to erase
the contents one byte at a time.
Part I/O
RAM ROM Timers Interrupts Vcc Packaging
Number pins
DS5000-8 128 8K 2 32 6 5V 40
DS5000-
128 32K 2 32 6 5V 40
32
DS5000T-
128 8K 2 32 6 5V 40
8
DS5000T-
128 32K 2 32 6 5V 40
8
Table 5.3 (Versions of 8051 from Dallas Semiconductor)
iv. One - Time - Programmable (OTP) versions of the 8051 – This version of
microcontroller is cheaper and available from various manufacturers. The manufacturers use
OTP microcontroller for mass production because the price per unit is very cheap.
iii. Serial Port – Using UART makes it simpler to interface for serial communication.
viii. Harvard Memory Architecture – It has 16 bit Address bus (each of RAM and ROM)
and 8 bit Data Bus.
ix. 8051 can execute 1 million one-cycle instructions per second with a clock frequency of
12MHz.
This microcontroller is also called as “System on a chip” because it has all the features on a
single chip.
i. Internal RAM – This memory is located from address 0 to 0xff. The memory
locations from 0x00 to 0x7F are accessed directly. The bytes from 0x20 to 0x2F are bit-
addressable. Loading R0 and R1 the memory location from 0x80 to 0xFF can easily accessed.
ii. Special Function Registers (SFR) – Located from address 0x80 to 0xFF of the
memory location. The same instructions used for lower half of Internal RAM can be used to
access SFR’s. The SFR’s are bit addressable too.
iii. Program Memory – This is read only memory which is located at address 0. With
the help of 16 bit Special Function Register DPTR, this memory can also save the tables of
constants.
iv. External Data Memory – Located at address 0. The Instruction MOVX (Move
External) should be used to access the external data memory.
As years passed by, the quality of technology surpassed the expectation of the
greatest minds, with gadgets becoming smaller, sleeker and more efficient. Microcontrollers
were seen as the answer to the requirements raised in advanced electronics. This is the reason
why manufacturers have now focused their production around the following main
developmental aspects:
i. Ease-of-use
5.7 APPLICATION
The 8051 has been in use in a wide number of devices, mainly because it is easy to
integrate into a project or build a device around. The following are the main areas of focus:
i. Energy Management: Efficient metering systems help in controlling energy usage in
homes and industrial applications. These metering systems are made capable by incorporating
microcontrollers.
iii. Automobiles: The 8051 finds wide acceptance in providing automobile solutions. They
are widely used in hybrid vehicles to manage engine variants. Additionally, functions such as
cruise control and anti-brake system have been made more efficient with the use of
microcontrollers.
iv. Medical Devices: Portable medical devices such as blood pressure and glucose monitors
use microcontrollers will to display data, thus providing higher reliability in providing medical
results.
The 8051 provides a total of four ports for I/O operations. 8051 has 40 pins, of which 32 pins
are set aside for the four ports. PO, P1, P2, and P3 each have 8 pins and can be used for either
input or output. The remaining pins are designated as Vrt, GND, XTAL1, XTAL2, RST, EA,
ALE/PROG and PSEN.
8051 allows you to manipulate one or all of the bits of a port, thus providing programmers with
a unique and powerful feature. 8051 provides the programmer with the ability to read, write
and modify each port to customize applications as much as possible.
Fig. 5.2 (Pin Diagram Of Atmel 8051 Microcontroller)
TRAIL &TESTING
To complete any project ,one has to go through many difficulty. During completion
of this project we also have faced many problem beginning the project has been complicated
in two different phase say electrical and mechanical one problem faced in electrical part are
different and Problem encountered in mechanical part are different during testing many
point were short and many track were cut through proper chaking problem we over come the
is required for our project not available n local market.
Mechanical troubleshoot also difficult initially motor capacity was not melting the assembly
requiring motor with higher torque and capacity was taken the gear assembly was very
difficult the horizontal gear with sufficient lent was not available so number of gear
connected together to form long length gear the working is very difficult after major exercise
the result were achieved.
Check that component agree with the parts list (value and power of resistors, value and
voltage rating of capacitor, etc.) if in any doubt double check the polarized components
(diodes, capacitor, rectifiers etc)
If there is a significant time elapse between circuit, take the trouble to read the article;
the information is often given in a very condensed from. Try to get most important point
out of the description of the operation of the circuit, even if you don’t understand
exactly what is supposed to happen.
If there is any doubt that some component may not be exact equivalent, check that they
are compatible.
Only use good quality IC sockets.
Check the continuity of the tracks on the PCB (and through plated holes with double
sided boards) with a resistance meter or continuity tester.
Make sure that all drilling, filling and other ‘heavy’ work is done before mounting any
components.
If possible keep any heat sinks well isolated from other components.
Make a wiring diagram if the layout involves lots of wires spread out in all directions.
Check that the connectors used are compatible and that they are mounted the right way
round.
Do not reuse wire unless it is of good quality. Cut off the ends and strip it a new.
1. CONCLUSION
After completion of the project auto car washer and dryer, we can come to conclusion
than such automation system are quite beneficial, and saving time of operation and also man
power reduced, improving the economy of the system the future such type of system will
have more demanded. The demand of the Automatic Car Wash Services much high and the
people are waiting to wash their cars in such a place where their car paint is not damaged.
And a better wash is given. And a very important factor that the people are able to save their
time as this car wash takes less time period and the car is dried as well. So this new
Automatic Car Wash service should be introduced to there are so many potential customers
waiting for such services
8.2 REFERENCES
1. www.google.com
2. www.rediffmail.com
3. www.electronicproject.co
4. www.alldatasheet.com
5. https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/plc (Accessed august 15 2016)
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/autocarwashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/carwash
7. http://www.autocarwash.com
8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/automatic_car_wash
9. http://www.automatic _car_wash.com/en/gear-motors.html