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Annex XI
The best way of impact mitigation is to prevent the event occurring. All efforts
should be made to locate the developmental activities in an area free of agricultural
lands, cyclones earthquakes, ecologically sensitive, erosion, forests, flooding,
human settlements, land slides, natural scenic beauty, water logging. In case this is
not feasible the next step is to look at the raw materials/technologies/ processes
alternatives which produce least impact i.e. adopting or using processes or
technologies which are efficient and produce recyclable wastes/minimum
waste/wastes that can be easily disposed, without affecting the environment.
However if the developmental activity produce the adverse impact action has to be
taken to mitigate the same. Following are some of the methods available.
Air
Noise
Water
Land
• Intruding as little as possible on their habitat can best mitigate the impact of
activities on animals. If such animals use the area where the activity will
take place, the activity should be concentrated to the maximum extent
possible in those parts of the area that they least often frequent.
• During the planning phase of an activity, an attempt should be made to avoid
extending into the home range wild animals. If this is not feasible, the
activity should be completed, as quickly as possible, and regular and
sustained use of the area over time should be minimised.
• Regular or sustained intrusions of men or equipment into nesting areas of
birds should be avoided to the maximum possible extent, especially while
eggs are being incubated by the adults and until the young have left the nest.
The sanitation cuttings of non-commercial individual trees should destroy no
known nests.
• Restricting the input of polluting substances into watercourses, estuaries, and
the open sea can mitigate Impacts upon fish and shellfish populations.
Additionally, when a part of the activity involves water level control,
changes in such levels should be programmed to the extent it is possible to
do so in a way that will minimally disturb nesting and feeding habitat.
Socio-economic Aspects
• Including, in the proposed activity funds, a welfare plan that would permit
assistance for those people who would be impacted might reduce some
adverse impacts. For example, when a number of jobs are to be disbanded, a
service could be set up in which those people who would be without jobs
could obtain assistance in locating jobs in other areas.
• In problems caused by relocation, effective rehabilitation and resettlement
schemes may be drawn.