Take Home Test

REGIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE (RP141305)

Date : Wednesday, November 11st 2017
Time : 13.00-14.30 (90 Min.)
Examiner : Siti Nurlaela, ST, M.Com, PhD; Belinda Ulfa Aulia, ST, MSc;

Name: Adelia Pramesti H

NRP: 08211640000021

Question A
1. Completion of toll road development in East Java are facing several problems. Please outline
those problems in general and give solutions.

Several problems and solutions that East Java facing in the completion of toll road development are:

a. Problems : Land Acquisition

According to the deputy governor of East Java, land acquisition in the construction of toll
roads in East Java is a major problem. The delay in land acquisition at some point leads to an
unbalanced condition between land acquisition and construction progress. The two main
constraints faced in land acquisition are the incompatibility of the price demanded by the
public at a government price (ap- prial price). In addition there are several plots of land that
do not have official documents. The example is because a land owned by the citizen has not
been acquired, the construction of the Ngawi-Kertosono toll road is delayed. As planned, the
construction of the toll road should be completed in August. This is due to the fact that land
acquisition in Indonesia, especially in East Java is still not optimal, the lack of transparency is
the reason for the many citizens who refuse land acquisition.
Solutions : There are several solutions for land acquisition problems, first Land Bankbecause
the bank is collecting land according to the Spatial and Spatial Plan (RTRW), controlling the
 land, pressing the land mafia, to distribute the land according to the program. That way, land
management can be based on the right benefits. Second, Non Cash Solution, Granting land
certificates for people who do not have land certificates, this solution is to provide land
certificates to people who are free of land. This solution can be given because the
development fund will not suffice if it must be along with the replacement of land.
Provision of public and social facilities, this solution can be provided wherein using customary
land. Since customary land is common property, alternative replacement for land acquisition
can be in the form of public and social facilities
b. Problem: Financial
Due to the problem of land acquisition, the price of land becomes higher, about 10-20 times.
To build a 116km (km) toll road in Indonesia, a minimum of Rp12 trillion is required. That is,
every 1 km of toll road development, it takes approximately Rp103,448 billion.
Solutions: the government currently has prepared a number of schemes for financing toll
roads in various regions in Indonesia, namely utilizing the State Budget Development,
investment to State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN), utilizing the Guarantee Institution until the
cooperation of the Government with the Business Entity (KPBU).
c. Problem : Lack of Human Resources
Lack of human resources (HR) in the field of infrastructure development, especially field
technical personnel.
Currently, the number of field technical personnel in Indonesia is estimated at about 7,000
people. In fact, the ideal needs to reach 10,000 people per year.
Solution: giving more chance to the people in Indonesia to have a job, especially in
infrastructure by giving them education that can help the development of their skill and
ability.
2. Development of Solar Energy are also facing several problems. Please outline those problems in
general and give solutions.

a. Problem: High Price

Because it is still imported, the use of solar energy still requires a high cost, although it is not
subject to duty, but because of its weight is still heavy to make high costs. If assembled in the
country then the obstacle is precisely the import of solar cells have not been released.
Solution: the development of technologies, especially for this solar energy and the other
renewable energy is very important. Because it’s definitely could cut the price and also silicone
materials such as silica sand or quartz sand are very abundant in Indonesia, if we can optimize the
resources, it really helps the development of solar energy in Indonesia.
b. Problem: The awareness of the society
Another problem is, in Indonesia, we are still facing the lack of awareness of the society in
renewable energy, especially in solar energy. Most of the society, still have no idea about what is
renewable energy and its benefit for the future, they tend to still use the fossil energy.
Solution: the role of government to introduce and explain the benefits of renewable energy and
limit the usage of fossil energy by releasing the tight regulation.

Question B
3. Explain the role of infrastructure in an Indonesian’s context of regional development according
to your case study in the weekly discussion.
Jakarta Light Rail Transit (LTR) is a system planned to be built in Jakarta, Indonesia and dealing
Jakarta with surrounding cities such as Bekasi and Bogor. The previously planned track using the
1067 mm narrow gauge as well as tracks in Java and Sumatra, was converted to a 1435 mm
standard gauge as the majority of LRT trains in the world were built with the system, which is
 believed to facilitate the selection and purchase of rolling stock or fleet of trains. The role of LTR
is as a mode of interconnection between centers of activity one to the center of other activities
by passing through several corridors. It really helps the mobility of the society and to give more
choices for society on public transportation. And it also help the development of the regional
itself, by having a modern and integrated public transportation such as LRT, it can increase the
productivity of the region in every aspects.

4. Explain the four approaches of corruption elimination in the infrastructure project in relation
with the anatomy of corruption in each phase of infrastructure development project. The figure
below may help to elaborate your explanation.

1. Restricting the Opportunities for corruption to occur

The first thing to prevent the corruption is to restricting the opportunities for corruption to occur.
Some ways to prevent it is The Cash Transaction restrictions are very much in line with one of the
Financial Task Force for Money Laundering (FATF) commands, namely the Role of the Financial
System in Combating Money Laundering Crime. With the application of restrictions on cash
transactions or restrictions on cash payments / restrictions on cash payments will encourage less
cash society or non cash transactions ). Where with the application of cash transaction
restrictions, all banks and other financial institutions play an active role in the prevention of
corruption and money laundering (laundering money) other, in addition to performing its main
functions and duties. Improving Public and Private Payroll System. Payroll of public and private
workers should be made fair and reasonable. So it is with government officials. Although the rules
already exist, they do show that payroll systems are not yet conducive to preventing employees
from corrupt practices.
2. Increasing the likelihood of the corruption being detected

Increasing the corruption being detected is important. By the corruption being detected early, it
helps the authorities to eradicate corruption. International cooperation can be the method for
detecting the corruption.
3. Raising the probable costs of being caught
One of the way for raising the probable cost of being caught is asset recovery. asset recovery is
an active strategy, criminalization and international cooperation.
This asset recovery regulates the repatriation of state assets that are corrupted abroad until the
mechanism of returning assets. Only, as a new thing this will be a challenge for Indonesia. The
recovery of this asset does not have its counterpart in Indonesian law.

4. Creating positive incentive for non-corrupt behavior

Creating and giving positive incentive for non-corrupt behavior is really a good idea. By giving the
incentive, the employee either government or private feel appreciated and can be a motivation
to avoid corruption. Because they already feel enough and have additional incentives