Question 5: In regional hospital how many hematological laboratory staffs

are there with their task and what can they do at examination performing in
laboratory?

The Hematology department is staffed by a team of medical, technical and

support staff who provide an interactive clinical and analytical service. They
provide diagnosis and treatment for a wide range of related diseases that impact
both adult and pediatric patients. Specialty teams diagnose and treat disorders of
red blood cell production, leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. The team
includes board-certified hematologists, as well as specialists in laboratory
medicine and oncology.

Clinical Hematologists: specialize in diseases affecting the blood or concerned

with any abnormality of the blood including blood cells and coagulation.

Medical Laboratory Technician: Provides information for patient diagnosis and

treatment by performing laboratory tests in toxicology, chemistry, hematology,
immunology, and microbiology laboratories; receiving, typing, testing, and
recording blood bank inventories.

An oncologist is a doctor who treats cancer and provides medical care for a
person diagnosed with cancer.

Nurse specialists are also an essential part of the hematology staff who are
experts in evidence based nursing practice within a specialty area, treating and
managing the health concerns of patients.

Hematology Services
Bone marrow transplant removes cells that are normally found in the bone
marrow, filtering those cells and replacing them either to the patient or another
person. The goal is to exchange healthy bone marrow cells into a person with
unhealthy bone marrow.

Stem cell transplant, is part of standard therapy for certain patients with
leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma.

Chemotherapy treatment for patients with acute problems is offered at a

dedicated outpatient facility that provides a convenient and comfortable location
and daily access.
Question 10: what are the test tube stopper colors code for venous
blood collection with their anticoagulant and the test tube closure color
mix by inverting code with their content and use?

 EDTA (purple): - Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid in a

tripotassium or disodium base: prevents clotting by binding with
calcium. Used in Hematology or TBC and CD4. Mix by inverting
10 times.
 Sodium Citrate (Light Blue): prevents clotting by binding the
calcium. Used for coagulation workup (PT and APTT).
 Heparin (Green): Three types: ammonium, lithium, and sodium.
It Prevents clotting by inhibiting thrombin and used for plasma
chemistry testing. Mix by inverting 10 times.
 Potassium or ammonium oxalate (Gray): - prevents clotting by
binding the calcium. Used in glucose testing.
 Sodium Fluoride (Gray): - inhibits the metabolism of glucose by
the cells. Used for glucose tolerance testing. Mix by inverting
10 times.
 Clot activator (red and grey stripe): - Initiate or enhance
coagulation which can be thrombin, glass or silica particles.
 Gel Separator (red and grey stripe): - Forms a barrier between the
cells and the serum portion after the blood has been spun. Used
for Chemistry Testing.
 Serum tube
Red: there is no anticoagulants. There is no inverting needed.
Gold: there is clot activator or gel which promotes blood clotting
with glass or silica particles and gel separates serum from cells. Mix by
inverting 5 times.