Criminal Procedure 225.

01 Course Outline
Chief Judge Dever Spring 2017

Table of Contents
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 1
Grand Jury ................................................................................................................................................ 3
I. Evidence at grand jury proceedings ................................................................................................. 3
A. Not bound by FRE............................................................................................................................................... 3
B. Not bound by constitutional exclusionary rules.................................................................................... 3
C. Not required to consider exculpatory evidence (though some states require prosecutors
to present exculpatory evidence)........................................................................................................................... 3
II. Composition of grand jury ................................................................................................................... 3
III. Presumption of regularity ................................................................................................................... 3
IV. 5A privilege against self-incrimination and grand jury subpoenas................................. 3
A. 5A only protects “testimonial” and “incriminating” evidence ......................................................... 3
B. Act of production may be privileged if: ..................................................................................................... 3
Prosecutorial Discretion .................................................................................................................... 3
I. Threats for superseding indictments .............................................................................................. 3
A. Okay if prosecution has probable cause for the threatened offense ............................................. 3
Discovery.................................................................................................................................................. 3
I. Jencks Act ................................................................................................................................................... 3
A. After a witness testifies, any statements that witness made relating to the testimony must
be turned over to the other side before cross examination ........................................................................ 3
Right to Counsel ..................................................................................................................................... 3
I. Right to appointed counsel .................................................................................................................. 3
A. Indigence................................................................................................................................................................ 3
B. “A day in jail” ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
Guilty Pleas .............................................................................................................................................. 4
I. Requirements of a guilty plea ............................................................................................................. 4
A.Competent ............................................................................................................................................................. 4
B.Knowing ................................................................................................................................................................. 4
C.Voluntary ............................................................................................................................................................... 4
II. Alford Plea .................................................................................................................................................. 4
A. “I am not guilty but I recognize there is enough evidence for a jury to find me guilty.” ....... 4
III. Can give up right to appeal except: ................................................................................................... 4
A. Ineffective assistance of counsel .................................................................................................................. 4
B. Sentence above the Stat Max ......................................................................................................................... 4
C. Malicious prosecution of protected class ................................................................................................. 4
Jury Trials ................................................................................................................................................ 4
I. Right to jury trial ..................................................................................................................................... 4
A. Right to jury trial for “serious” offenses.................................................................................................... 4
II. Composition of jury ................................................................................................................................ 4
A. Right to “fair cross section” in jury pool (does not apply to the jury that is actually
selected)............................................................................................................................................................................ 4
Speedy Trial ............................................................................................................................................ 4
I. Pre-indictment delay ............................................................................................................................. 4
A. Due Process violation (not Speedy Trial violation). ∆ must show: ............................................... 4

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Criminal Procedure 225.01 Course Outline
Chief Judge Dever Spring 2017

Joinder and Severance ......................................................................................................................... 5

I. Joinder ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
A. Joinder of multiple ∆s and joinder for multiple offenses for same ∆ ............................................ 5
B. “Logical relationship”........................................................................................................................................ 5
II. Severance ................................................................................................................................................... 5
A. ∆ must show a serious risk that a joint trial would compromise a specific trial right or
prevent the jury from making a reliable judgment of guilt or innocence.............................................. 5
B. Confrontation Clause ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Sentencing ............................................................................................................................................... 5
I. Forfeiture v. Fines ................................................................................................................................... 5
A. Forfeiture ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
II. Resentencing after appeal ................................................................................................................... 5
A. Longer sentence is allowed: Trial court can consider any relevant evidence at
resentencing (such as ∆’s post-conviction conduct, good or bad), but trial court cannot punish
∆ for a successful appeal ............................................................................................................................................ 5
III. Factors judges can consider at sentencing..................................................................................... 5
A. Any fact that increases sentencing beyond the prescribed statutory maximum (except for
prior convictions) must be determined by a jury beyond a reasonable doubt ................................... 5
Double Jeopardy .................................................................................................................................... 5
I. Dual sovereignty ...................................................................................................................................... 5
A. Double jeopardy does not bar successive prosecutions by different sovereigns for the
same offense.................................................................................................................................................................... 5
II. Collateral estoppel .................................................................................................................................. 5
A. Double jeopardy includes collateral estoppel principles ................................................................... 5
B. ∆ must show: ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
III. Retrial after appeal................................................................................................................................. 5
A. If jeopardy has not attached, government can re-prosecute no matter what ........................... 5
B. If jeopardy has attached, government can re-prosecute if it wins on appeal ............................ 5

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Criminal Procedure 225.01 Course Outline
Chief Judge Dever Spring 2017

Grand Jury
I. Evidence at grand jury proceedings
A. Not bound by FRE
B. Not bound by constitutional exclusionary rules
C. Not required to consider exculpatory evidence (though some states require prosecutors to
present exculpatory evidence)
i. Some states require prosecutors to present exculpatory evidence to the grand jury
ii. Difficulties in determining what is “exculpatory”
iii. Role of grand jury as investigative
II. Composition of grand jury
III. Presumption of regularity
IV. 5A privilege against self-incrimination and grand jury subpoenas
A. 5A only protects “testimonial” and “incriminating” evidence
B. Act of production may be privileged if:
i. The government seeks the compel compliance with the subpoena
ii. The act of production is “testimonial”
iii. The act of production “incriminates” the person

Prosecutorial Discretion
I. Threats for superseding indictments
A. Okay if prosecution has probable cause for the threatened offense

Discovery
I. Jencks Act
A. After a witness testifies, any statements that witness made relating to the testimony must
be turned over to the other side before cross examination

Right to Counsel
I. Right to appointed counsel
A. Indigence
i. No definition for what this means; “undue hardship” standard
B. “A day in jail”

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Criminal Procedure 225.01 Course Outline
Chief Judge Dever Spring 2017

Guilty Pleas
I. Requirements of a guilty plea
A. Competent
B. Knowing
C. Voluntary
II. Alford Plea
A. “I am not guilty but I recognize there is enough evidence for a jury to find me guilty.”
III. Can give up right to appeal except:
A. Ineffective assistance of counsel
B. Sentence above the Stat Max
C. Malicious prosecution of protected class

Jury Trials
I. Right to jury trial
A. Right to jury trial for “serious” offenses
i. Serious = offense that may be punished by six months
a. In a trial with multiple offenses, consider the punishment for each offense
separately. No right to jury trial just because the possible sentences added
together are more than six months.
ii. Presumption that offenses punished by less than six months ≠ serious, but that
presumption can be defeated if ∆ shows that other penalties (e.g. fines) are serious
II. Composition of jury
A. Right to “fair cross section” in jury pool (does not apply to the jury that is actually
selected)
i. ∆’s prima facie case of violation of “fair cross section” requirement:
a. Allegedly excluded group is “distinctive” (think suspect class)
b. Representation in the jury pool is not fair and reasonable in relation to the number
of persons in the community
c. Underrepresentation is due to the systemic exclusion of the group
ii. State must justify the underrepresentation with a significant state interest
III. Number of jurors
A. Can’t be less than six; six must be unanimous
B. Need permission of all parties to have fewer jurors than originally started

Speedy Trial
I. Pre-indictment delay
A. Due Process violation (not Speedy Trial violation). ∆ must show:
i. Delay caused actual prejudice to the defense
ii. Delay was result of intentional conduct by prosecutor to harass ∆ or gain a tactical
advantage in the case

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Criminal Procedure 225.01 Course Outline
Chief Judge Dever Spring 2017

Joinder and Severance

I. Joinder
A. Joinder of multiple ∆s and joinder for multiple offenses for same ∆
B. “Logical relationship”
II. Severance
A. ∆ must show a serious risk that a joint trial would compromise a specific trial right or
prevent the jury from making a reliable judgment of guilt or innocence
B. Confrontation Clause
i. Confession of a co-∆ that expressly implicates the ∆ is a problem if co-∆ pleads the
Fifth (Confrontation problem).
a. Solution 1: Severance
b. Solution 2: Completely scrub the confession of any reference to ∆; redaction isn’t
good enough

Sentencing
I. Forfeiture v. Fines
A. Forfeiture
i. Forfeiture is okay as long as the money/property is related to the crime
II. Resentencing after appeal
A. Longer sentence is allowed: Trial court can consider any relevant evidence at
resentencing (such as ∆’s post-conviction conduct, good or bad), but trial court cannot
punish ∆ for a successful appeal
i. Court’s reasons for sentencing must appear affirmatively on the record
III. Factors judges can consider at sentencing
A. Any fact that increases sentencing beyond the prescribed statutory maximum (except for
prior convictions) must be determined by a jury beyond a reasonable doubt

Double Jeopardy
I. Dual sovereignty
A. Double jeopardy does not bar successive prosecutions by different sovereigns for the
same offense
II. Collateral estoppel
A. Double jeopardy includes collateral estoppel principles
B. ∆ must show:
i. Prosecution involves the same parties (same ∆ and same sovereign)
ii. Factfinder must have “actually and certainly” decided the issue of fact in the first
prosecution
III. Retrial after appeal
A. If jeopardy has not attached, government can re-prosecute no matter what
B. If jeopardy has attached, government can re-prosecute if it wins on appeal
i. Caveat 1: Government cannot appeal or re-prosecute if there has been an acquittal
a. Not guilty verdict = Acquittal
b. Dismissal for insufficient evidence = Acquittal

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Criminal Procedure 225.01 Course Outline
Chief Judge Dever Spring 2017

ii. Caveat 2: Government can re-prosecute after winning on appeal (but government
cannot appeal a dismissal for insufficiency of the evidence)
iii. Caveat 3: An appellate court reinstating a conviction is not double jeopardy (it is
reinstating the conviction!)