classification of system:

There are diff. type of system which have diff. characteristics :

1. Formal/Inforal: Formal system is one that is plant in advance and is used according to some rule in
this type of system policies and procedures are documented in advance. In short we can say that it is
a well organise system.

Informal is not described by procedure or policies it works on a need basis it does not have
permanent structure.

2.Physical and Abstract: physical system are those system that can be seen and are tangible. Eg:
computer system, vehicle are eg. Of physical system. Abstract system has no physical existence eg.
Of abstract system is mathematical system.

3. open and close: open system interact directly with the enviourment it receive input from
enviourmnet and provide output to enviourment. Real life system: information system, banking
system etc. close system: it is isolated from envourment influence. It operate with the help of factors
within the system itself. It is also define as a system that include a feedback loop and use all the
element inside the system.

4.Manual and automatic: the system which require manual interaction is called manual system.
Railway ticket booking online. Automatic system: the system which does not require human
interaction is called automatic system. In this system all the work are done with the help of machine
or computer human used are limited

REAL TIME SYSTEMS: it is a system which complete its task in fix period of time. If time is not
completed there is no use of the system. Real time system is use when there are rigit time
requirement on the flow of data. Real time system is considered correct if it return correct result
under limited time period. There are two type of real system : 1. Hardware system 2.Software
system

Hardware system: it guarantee the critical task are completed on time if it is not completed on time
its use become invalid.

Soft real time system : It is less restricted in this method critical work are completed first and non-
critical task are put in low priority. This type of system is generally use in scientific experiment
medical imaging system and industrial control .

DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS

In this type of system data , processing and interface component of information system are
distributed to multiple location in a computer network. Processing work is also distributed to
multiple location. Here each processor has its own local memory. Each processor communicate with
computer network.

There are number of advantage of using distributed system:

1. Resource Sharing
2. Computation speed
3. Reliability
4. Communication
It is generally consist of 5 layers :
1. Presentation layer: which is use as a user interface
2. Presentation logic layer : which is used to implement processing
3. Application layer: provide different type of services
4. Data Manuplication Layer: which contain command and logic require to store and reply
data from database.
5. Data Layer: it store the actual data in database

Development of Successful System: the success of any system depend on approach to build
the given system. If the approach is right the system will work successfully . system
development follow a proper sequence of activities called SDLC(System Development Life
Cycle) it consist of 4 basic phases:

1. System Analysis
2. System design
3. System construction and implementation
4. System support

Following are the phases of SDLC: fig 1.2

For successful system development we must follow following principle :

1. Both customer and developer will be involve for accuracy of the system
2. Problem solving approach should be adopted
3. Phases and activities should be established for consist development of a system
standard should be establish

VARIOUS APPROACHES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Following are the diff. approaches for development of given system:

1. Model Driven:
2. Accelerated approach
3. Joined application development

Structured Analysis and Design Approach: it is based on model approach. Its main objective
is to reduce maintaince time and effort. model driven technique give more emphasize on
drawing of model to help utilization and analysis problem. The measure activites of this
approach is :

1. Preliminary Investigation
2. Problem Analysis
3. Requirement Analysis
4. Decision Analysis

It is a process centred technique that is used to model business requirement for a

system. It use tool like DFD Data Flow Diagram to utilize the structure of the system ER
Diagram is use for designing data base. It follow module design approach which uses
following principle :
1. Modularity and Partition
2. Coupling
3. Cohesion
4. Span of control
5. Size of module
6. Share use of function