Numerical problems based On Mole Concept

Question 1.

Calculate the mass of 6.022 × 1023 molecule of Calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

Solution —

Molar mass (Molecular mass in gram) of CaCO3 = 40+12+3×16 = 100 g

No. of moles of CaCO3

= No. of molecules/Avogadro constant

= 6.022 × 1023/ 6.022 × 1023

= 1 mole

Mass of CaCO3

= No. of moles × molar mass

= 1 × 100 g = 100 g.

Question 2.

Calculate the mass of 12.044 × 1023 carbon atoms.

Solution —

No. of moles of Carbon atoms

= No. of atoms/Avogadro constant

= 12.044 × 1023/6.022 × 1023

= 2 mole

Mass of carbon atoms

= No. of moles × atomic mass

= 2 × 12

= 24 g.

Question 3.

Calculate the number of oxygen atoms in 1 mole of O2.

Solution —

1 molecule of O2 = 2 oxygen atoms

So, 1 mole of O2 = 2 mole oxygen atoms

= 2 × 6.022 × 1023 = 12.044 ×1023 oxygen atoms.

Question 4.

Calculate the number of Cu atoms in 0.635g of Cu.

Solution —

No. of moles of Cu

= Mass of Cu/Atomic mass

= 0.635/63.5

=0.01 mole

No. of Cu atoms

= No. of moles × Avogadro constant

= 0.01 × 6.022 × 1023

= 6.022 × 1023 Cu atoms.

Question 5.

Calculate the number of molecules in 11.2 liters of SO2 gas at NTP.

Solution —

1 mole of SO2 = 22.4 L (at NTP)

=> 11.4 L of SO2 = 0.5 mole SO2 = 0.5× 6.022×1023 = 3.011×1023 SO2 molecules.

Question 6.

An atom of some element X weighs 6.644 × 10-23 g. Calculate the number of gram-atoms in 40 kg of it.

Solution —

Mass of 1 mole X atoms

= mass of 1 atom × Avogadro constant

= 6.644 × 10-23 × 6.022×1023

= 40 g

So, the atomic mass of X = 40

No. of gram-atoms (or moles) of X

= mass of X / atomic mass

= 40 × 1000/40 = 1000.

Question 7.

An atom of some element X weighs 6.644 × 10-23 g. Calculate the number of gram-atoms in 40 kg of it.
Solution —

Molecular mass of CO2 = 12 + 2 × 16 = 44

Total no. of moles in 200mg CO2

= Mass of CO2/Molecular mass

= 200 × 10-3 g/44

= 0.00454

No. of moles removed

= 1021/6.022×1023

= 0.00166

No. of moles of CO2 left

= 0.00454 – 0.00166

= 0.00288.

Question 8.

Calculate the volume occupied by 1 mole atom of (i) monoatomic gas, and (ii) diatomic gas at NTP.

Solution —

1 mole atom of monoatomic gas occupies 22.4 L at NTP, and

1 mole of diatomic gas (1 molecule contains 2 atoms) occupies 11.4 L at NTP.

Question 9.

Calculate the volume of 20g H2 at NTP.

Solution —

No. of moles of H2 = 20/2 =10

Volume of any ideal gas at NTP

= No. of moles × 22.4 L

= 10 × 22.4

= 224 L.

Question 10.

What is the volume occupied by 6.022×1023molecules of any gas at NTP?

Solution —

6.022 × 1023 molecules = 1 mole molecules, and

1 mole molecules of any ideal gas occupies 22.4 L at NTP.

Question 11.

Calculate the number of atoms in 5.6 liters of a (i) monoatomic, and (ii) diatomic gas at NTP.

Solution —

No. of moles in 5.6 L gas at NTP = 5.6/22.4 = 0.25

No. of molecules in 5.6 L gas

= 0.25 × 6.022 × 1023

= 1.5 × 1023 molecules

In monoatomic gases, No. of atoms = No. of molecules = 1.5 × 1023.

In diatomic gases, No. of atoms = 2 × No. of molecules = 2 × 1.5 × 1023 = 3.0× 1023.

Question 12.

Calculate the number of sulphate (SO42-) ions in 100 mL of 0.001 M H2SO4 solution.

Solution —

Molarity = No. of moles of solute/ Volume of solution in Liters

=> No. of moles of solute (H2SO4) = Molarity × volume of solution in Liters

= 0.001 × 0.1 = 0.0001

1 molecule of H2SO4 contains 1 SO42- ion

=> 0.0001 mole of H2SO4 contains 0.0001 mole SO42-

∴ No. of sulphate (SO42-) ions = 0.0001 × 6.022 × 1023 = 6.022 × 1019.

Question 13.

Calculate the number of atoms in 100 u of He.

Solution —

Atomic mass of He = 4 u

So, mass of one He atom = 4 u

∴ No. of atoms in 100 u of He = 100/4 = 25 He atoms.

Question 14.

If a mole were to contain 1× 1024 particles, what would be the mass of (i) one mole of oxygen, and (ii) a single oxygen

molecule?

Solution —

Mass of one mole of oxygen molecule (O2)

= molecular mass of oxygen molecule (O2) in gram

= 32 g.

Mass of a single oxygen molecule

= 32/1 × 1024

= 3.2 × 10-23g.

Question 15.

Calculate the standard molar volume of oxygen gas. The density of O2 gas at NTP is 1.429g/L.

Solution —

Standard molar volume

= volume occupied by 1 mole (i.e., 32g) of the O2 gas at NTP

= Mass/density [∵ density = mass/volume => volume = mass/density]

= 32/1.429

= 22.39 Liters.

Question 16.

Calculate the mass of 1 mole He gas. The density of He gas at NTP is 0.1784g/L.

Solution —

Mass of 1 mole He = Density at NTP × Standard molar volume = 0.1784 × 22.4 ≈ 4g.

Question 17.

A metal M of atomic mass 54.94 has a density of 7.42g/cc. Calculate the apparent volume occupied by one atom of

the metal.

Solution —

Mass of 1 mole metal atoms = 54.94g

=> Mass of 1 metal atom = 54.94/6.022×1023 g = 9.12×1023 g

Volume occupied by one metal atom

= Mass of one metal atom/density

= 9.12×1023 /7.42

= 1.23×1023 cc.

Question 18.

Calculate the number of moles, and number if atoms of H, S, and O in 5 mole of H 2SO4.

Solution —

1 mole of H2SO4 contains 2 mole of H, 1 mole of S, and 4 mole of O

=> 5 mole of H2SO4 contains

10 mole of H = 10 × 6.022×1023 = 6.022×1024 H atoms

5 mole of S = 5 × 6.022×1023 = 3.011×1024 S atoms

20 mole of O = 20 × 6.022×1023 = 1.204×1025 O atoms.

Question 19.

Calculate the number of oxygen atoms and its mass in 50 g of CaCO3.

Solution —

Molecular mass of CaCO3= 40+12+3×16 = 100

No. mole of CaCO3 = 50g/100g = 0.5

0.5 mole of CaCO3 contains 1.5 moles of oxygen atoms

No. of oxygen atoms = 1.5 × 6.022×1023 = 9.033×1023 atoms

Mass of Oxygen atoms = 1.5 × 16 = 24 g.

Question 20.

Calculate the number of atoms of each element in 122.5 g of KClO3.

Solution —

Molecular mass of KClO3 = 39 +35.5+3×16 = 122.5

No. of mole of KClO3 = 122.5g/122.5g = 1 mole

1 mole of KClO3 contains

1 mole of K = 6.022×1023 K atoms

1 mole of Cl = 6.022×1023 Cl atoms

3 mole of O = 3 × 6.022×1023 = 1.806 ×1024 O atoms.

Question 21.

Calculate the total number of electrons present in 1.6 g of CH4.

Solution —

Molecular mass of CH4 = 12+4×1 = 16

Moles of CH4 = 1.6/16 =0.1

No. of electron in 1 molecule of CH4 = 6+4 = 10 electrons

Total no. of electrons = 0.1 × 6.022×1023 × 10 = 6.022×1023 electrons.

Question 22.

Find the charge of 1 g-ion of N3- in Coulombs.

Solution —

Charge on 1 N3- ion = 3 e– = 3 × 1.602×10-19 Coulombs

Charge on 1 g-ion of N3-

= 3 × 1.602×10-19 × 6.022×1023 Coulombs

= 2.894×105 Coulombs.

Question 23.

Find the charge of 27 g of Al3+ ions in coulombs.

Solution —

Atomic mass of Al = 27

No. of moles Al =27/27 = 1 mole

Charge on 1 Al3+ ion = 3 e = 3 × 1.602×10-19 Coulombs

Charge on 1 mole Al3+ ions

= 3 × 1.602×10-19 × 6.022×1023 Coulombs

= 2.894×105 Coulombs.

Question 24.

Equal masses of oxygen, hydrogen and methane are taken in a container in identical conditions. Find the ratio of the

volumes of the gases.

Solution —

Let X g of each gas is taken. Then,

Mole ratio
= O2 : H2 : CH4 = X/32 : X/2 : X/16

= 1:16:2.

= Volume ratio [∵ Avogadro’s Principle – the molar ratios are also volume ratios for gases]

∴ O2 : H2 : CH4 = 1 : 16 : 2.

Question 25.

If the components of the air are N2, 78%; O2, 21%; Ar, 0.9% and CO2, 0.1% by volume, what would be the molecular

mass of air?

Solution —

The molar ratios are also volume ratios for gases (Avogadro’s principle)

Molecular mass of air

= (78×28 + 21×32 + 0.9×40 + 0.1×44)/(78 + 21 + 0.9 + 0.1)

= 28.964.

Question 26.

The atomic masses of two elements (A and B) are 20 and 40 respectively. x g of A contains y atoms, how many

atoms are present in 2x g of B?

Solution —

No. of mole of A = x/20

No. of atoms of A = (x/20) × N [N is Avogadro constant]

∴ y = x × N/20 => x = 20y/N

Now,

No. of mole of B = 2x/40

No. of atoms of B

= (2x/40) × N

= 2N/40 × 20y/N

= y.

Question 27.

Oxygen is present in a 1-liter flask at a pressure of 7.6 × 10-10 mm of Hg at 0oC. Calculate the number of oxygen

molecules in the flask.

Solution —

Pressure = 7.6 × 10-10 mm Hg

= 7.6 × 10-10/ 760 [1 atm = 760 mm Hg]

= 10-12 atm

Volume = 1 liter

Temperature = 0oC = 273 K

We know pV = nRT => n = pV/RT

n = (10-12 × 1)/(0.0821 × 273) = 0.44×10-13

No. of molecules = no. of moles × Avogadro constant

= 0.44×10-13 × 6.022 × 1023

= 2.65 × 1010.

Question 28.

Calculate approximately the diameter of an atom of mercury, assuming that each atom is occupying a cube of edge

length equal to the diameter of the mercury atom. The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cc.

Solution —

Suppose the side of cube = x cm = diameter of mercury atom

∴ Volume of 1 Hg atom = x3 and

Mass of 1 Hg atom

= density × volume

= 13.6 × x3

Mass of 1 Hg atom

= Atomic mass/ Avogadro constant

= 200/6.022×1023

13.6 × x3 = 200/6.022×1023

=> x3 = 200/(13.6 × 6.022×1023) = 2.44×10-23

=> x = (2.44×10-23)1/3 = 2.9×10-8 cm.

Question 29.

The density of a particular crystal of LiF is 2.65 g/cc. X-ray analysis shows that Li+ and F– ions are arranged in a cubic
array at a spacing of 2.01 Å. From these data calculate the apparent Avogadro constant. [Li = 6.639u, F = 18.998u (1

Å = 10-8 cm)]

Solution —

Avogadro constant

= No. of LiF molecules present in 1 mole (6.639+18.998=25.937g)

Volume of 1 mole LiF arranged in cube

= mass/density

= 25.937/2.65

= 9.78 cc.

Length of edge of the cube = (9.78)1/3 = 2.138 cm

No. of ions present in one edge of the cube

= 2.138/2.01×10-8

= 1.063×108

No. of ions (Li+ and F–) present in the cube

= (1.063×108)3

= 1.201×1024

No. of LiF molecule per mole

= Avogadro constant

= 1.201×1024/2

= 6.01×1023.

Question 30.

To 50 mL of 0.5 M H2SO4, 75 mL of 0.25 M H2SO4 is added. What is the concentration of the final solution if its

volume is 125 mL?

Solution —

No. of moles in 0.05 liter of H2SO4

= M × V(in liter)

= 0.5 × 0.05

= 0.025
No. of moles in 0.075 liter of H2SO4 added

= 0.25 × 0.075

= 0.01875

Total no. of moles in 0.125 liter of H2SO4

= 0.025 + 0.01875

= 0.04375

∴ Molarity of H2SO4 = 0.04375/0.0125 = 0.35 M.

Question 31.

It is found that in 11.2 liters of any gaseous compound of phosphorus at NTP, there is never less than 15.5 g of P.

Also, this volume of the vapour of phosphorus itself at NTP weighs 62 g. What should be the atomic mass and

molecular mass of the phosphorus?

Solution —

11.2 L (½ mole) of any gaseous phosphorus compound contains at least ½ mole, 15.5g, of phosphorus. 1 mole of

phosphorus weighs 31g, therefore, atomic mass of phosphorus is 31. Similarly, 11.2 L (½ mole) of the vapour of

phosphorus weighs 62g. 1 mole of the vapour of phosphorus weighs 124g, therefore, molecular mass of phosphorus

is 124.

Question 32.

A polystyrene, having the formula Br3C6H3(C3H8)n, was prepared by heating styrene with tribromobenzoyl peroxide in

the absence of air. If it was found to contain 10.46% bromine by weight, find the value of n.

Solution —

Let the mass of polystyrene be 100g,

∴ No. of moles of Br in 100g of polystyrene = 10.46/79.9 = 0.1309

From the formula Br3C6H3(C3H8)n, we have,

No. of moles of Br = 3 × moles of Br3C6H3(C3H8)n

=> 0.1309 = 3 × mass/molecular mass = 3×100/(314.5+44n)

=> n = 44.9 ≈ 45.

Question 33.

It has been estimated that 93% of all atoms in the entire universe are hydrogen and that the vast majority of those

remaining are helium. Based on only these two elements, estimate the mass percentage composition of the universe.
Solution —

It is given that out of 100 atoms, 93 atoms are Hydrogen and 7 atoms are Helium.

Mass of Hydrogen atoms = 93×1 = 93

Mass of Helium atoms = 7×4 =28

∴ Mass percentage of Hydrogen = (93/93+28) × 100 = 76.86%,

Mass percentage of Helium = (28/93+28) × 100 = 23.14%.

Question 34.

The molecular weight of haemoglobin is about 65,000 g/mol. Haemoglobin contains 0.35% Fe by mass. How many

iron atoms are there in a haemoglobin molecule?

Solution —

Mass of Fe in haemoglobin

= 0.35% of 65000

= (0.35×65000)/100

= 227.5

∴ No. of Fe atoms in a haemoglobin molecule = 227.5/56 ≈ 4.

Question 35.

At room temperature, the density if water is 1.0 g/mL and the density of ethanol is 0.789g/mL. What volume of

ethanol contains the same number of molecules as are present in 175 mL of water?

Solution —

Let the volume of ethanol containing the dame number of molecules as are present in 175mL of water be V mL.

Moles of C2H5OH in V mL = Moles of H2O in 175 mL

=> Mass of C2H5OH/mol. mass of C2H5OH = Mass of H2O/ mol. mass of H2O

=> 0.789×V/46 = 1×175/18 [mass = density × volume]

=> V = 566.82 mL.

Question 36.

A sample of ethane has the same mass as 10.0 million molecules of methane. How many C2H6 molecules does the

sample contain?

Solution —

Mass of given sample of C2H6 = mass of 107 CH4 molecules = 16 × 107/Av. const.
No. of C2H6 molecules

= Mass / 30 × Av. const.

= (16 × 107/Av. const × 30) × Av. const.

= 5.34 × 106.

Question 37.

How many grams of CaWO4 would contain the same mass of tungsten that is present in 569g of FeWO4? (W=184)

Solution —

Let the mass of CaWO4 be w g. As given,

Mass of W in w g of CaWO4 = mass of W in 569g of FeWO4

Moles of W in CaWO4 × at. mass of W = Moles of W in FeWO4 × at. mass of W

As both CaWO4 and FeWO4 contains 1 atom of W each,

∴ moles of CaWO4 × at. mass of W = Moles of FeWO4 × at. mass of W

=> (w/288) × 184 = (569/304) × 184

=> w = 539.05 g.

Question 38.

0.75 mole of solid ‘A4’ and 2 moles of gaseous O2 are heated in a sealed vessel, completely using up the reactants

and producing only one compound. It is found that when the temperature is reduced to the initial temperature, the

contents of the vessel exhibit a pressure equal to half the original pressure. What conclusions can be drawn from

these data the product of the reaction?

Solution —

A4(s) + O2(g) → AxOy

Applying POAC for A atoms,

4 × moles of A4 = x × moles of AxOy

=> 4 × 0.75 = x × 1

=> x = 3

Applying POAC for O atoms,

2 × moles of O2 = y × moles of AxOy

=> 2 × 2 = y × 1

=> y = 4
Thus, the formula of the product is A3O4.

Question 39.

Find the number of atoms in 48 g of ozone at NTP.

Solution —

Molecular mass (O3) = 48

No. of moles of O3 = 48/48 = 1

No. of oxygen atoms = 3 × 1 × 6.022 × 1023 = 1.8066 × 1024.

Question 40.

What is the ratio of the volumes occupied by 1 mole of O2 and 1 mole of O3 in identical conditions?

Solution —

Volume ratio

= Molar ratio (Avogadro’s principle – the molar ratios are also volume ratios for gases)

= 1:1.

Question 41.

Calculate the mass of 5 moles of CaCO3 in g.

Solution —

Molar mass (i.e., molecular mass in g) = 40+12+3×16 = 100g

Mass of 5 moles of CaCO3 = 5 × 100 = 500g.

Question 42.

Calculate the volume occupied by 11.2 g of the gas at NTP. Given that the vapour density of a gas is 11.2.

Solution —

Molecular mass of gas = 2 × Vapour density = 2×11.2 = 22.4

No. of moles of gas = 11.2/22.4 = 0.5

Volume occupied by gas at NTP = moles × 22.4 = 0.5 × 22.4 = 11.2 liters.

Question 43.

Calculate the number of oxygen atoms in 0.2 mole of Na2CO3.10H2O.

Solution —

Moles of oxygen atoms in 1 mole of Na2CO3.10H2O = 3+10 = 13

Moles of oxygen atoms in 0.2 mole of Na2CO3.10H2O = 0.2 × 13= 2.6

∴ Number of oxygen atoms = 2.6 × 6.022×1023 = 1.565×1024.

Question 44.

Calculate the number of moles of CuSO4 contained in 100mL of 1 M CuSO4 solution. Also, find the number of SO4-

2
ions in it.

Solution —

No. of moles in 0.1 liter of CuSO4 solution

= M × V(in liter) (∵ Molarity = moles of solute/vol. of solution in L)

= 1 × 0.1

= 0.1

1 CuSO4 molecule contains 1 SO4-2 ion,

No. of SO4-2 ions

= 0.1 × 6.022×1023

= 6.022×1022.

Question 45.

Find the total number of nucleons present in 12g of 12C atoms.

Solution —

No. moles of carbon atoms = 12/12 = 1

A C-12 atom contains 12 nucleons (6 protons and 6 neutrons, A = Z + N)

∴ The total number of nucleons = 12 × 6.022×1023 = 7.226×1024.