Literature Review

Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis approach has a significant place in literature .

Psyhoanalysis gives both readers and critics the benifit to analyize the character

And searching the main causes of his shortcomings or unkind behavior .Sometimes

,as readers we can’t understand why a character does something wrong and unacceptable.

In these causes, Freud puts forward the theory of repression .Therefore,Freud judges

The psyche of human through three parts the id,ego and super-ego.Sigmund is believed

To be the founder of modern psychiatry and psychology.Freud explains how mind work in terms of
psychology and neurology.During the treatments of his patients neurological disorder,he realized that
most of the signs that patients showed did not have an organic or bodily basis,and but they could
seem to the patient to be real .Freud insisted reality that there must be other reasons for their brain
breakdown,which cannot be treated by medical care stating .Psychoanalysis is directly based on
mental activity .unconcious has the funtion of being a store for the past memories and traumatics

Childhood incidents that have on influence on our unconcious thought and behaviour.

Id:

Id is the first part of the personality,in whuch primary impulses,like as hunger,hatred and
anger.Freud’s views about id that is natural we were born with these primary and natural impulses.

The id is the basic part of personality that helps people meets their basic needs.

Ego:

It is 2nd part of personality .The ego is both concious and unconcious.The ego is located in our

Unconcious and depends on reality because it is the very important part of human character because
ego decides what is best for someone.

Super-ego:

It is all about the moral values of society and what we have taught by our parents and society

In which we live.The super-ego is also unconcious part and it issues blind commands.These three parts
of psyche directly improve of human self- identity.All parts are connected to each other very closely
because id works for merely excitment principle,it also focuses on gratification.The ego works for the
reality principle and it explains that if something is suitable for his own or not.The super-ego it serves
as a kind of bridge between ego and id .It examines the moral and ethical values imposed by society.

Theory of psychoanalytic

• Psychoanalysis has been seen as a picture of therapy which object to cure mental disorder by
searching the co-opperation relation of concious and unconcious in the mind .Two acceptable
meaning of modern theory in literature.1st way of treating mentally disorder people and 2nd
theories of human mind and its different problems.sSigmund freud was a best medical person
who was conected in the study and treatment of patients in his clinic.He was more familiar in
the study of psychology of unconcious mind.There are many theories regarding to
psychoanlysis .psychoanlysis is a psychological theory that discoverd in the late 19th century
 by Sigmund Freud and others .Freud psychoanalysis theory gave a radically new term to the
analysis and treatment of abnormal human behavior.Freud claimed that all human beings are
born with few natural abilities.It is a natural tendency to satisfy their biologically determind
needs for good food ,house and warmth.Sigmund told about the approach Oedipus complex
in his explanation of dreams 1899 .Oedipus Rex who was the king of Liaus and queen Jocasta
Of Thebes,and at least he killed his father and married his mother unconciously .Sigmund
Freud point of view about Oedipus Rex life’s incident because of his uncoinciously
relationship with his mother.And the basis of this incident he discovered the idea Oedipus Rex
complex which he attributed to children of about the age of three to five .He views that all
human behavior motivated through sex,or through the instincts in his view are the
neurological representations of physical needs because psychoanalysis is not a branch of
medicine or psychology,it helps understand philosophy,culture,religion and
literature.Psychological theory makes a tool that to explains the characters behavior and
motivations.

About the character Igo’behavior:

Igor is a main charater of this novel The Winner Stands Alone by Paulo Cohelo in which the writer
explains the actual psyche and poor mental disorder.His psyche to get back his wife that has been left
him many years ago.Igor follows his id,ego and super-ego therefore,he killed many people during this
film festival just for getting back his lover Ewa .He knows that his lover has been left him but instance
of this he does not accept lose and bad luck .He has seen and faced much more life ups and downs
and he did struggle hard for improving your existance in all over the world .That is why,he can not face
this thing that he helped his lover when he purposed her in college and did marriage with out parents
permission and he solved all problems and gave preference in his business but she did not co-opperate
with him.Therefore,his lover considered that Igor is a mentally psycho and she can not survive long
term.Then Ewa did marriage an other person that name is Hamid Hussain is a famous designer all
over the world .Igor killed his without any reason and considered him the actual motive of his life
destroy .Sigmund Freud Point of view about this psycho patient that this kind of patients can not
medically stable because they need care and proper company so that we can change them mentally
and throughtout control their lost psyche .Sometime we follow wrong thins unconciously like Igor
killed some people just for getting his lover but when he knows that unconcious things but the thing
is he wants to change his life after doing wrong yet he can not mantain these things again that is why
he is psychologically repress in front of his id,ego and super-ego.