University of La Salle

Program of:
Automation Engineering

Practice 2
"MEASUREMENT OF THE RESISTANCE IN THE ESTATOR'S WATERFALL"

Presenting to:
Ing. José L. Rubiano

Presenting by:
Kevin Cañon
Rodrigo Jiménez
Daniel Ramírez

21 de February of 2018
Bogotá D.C.
 I. Introduction.
In the present practice it is intended to make use of the three-phase motors of the Lorenzo modules
available in the laboratory (Engine DL 1021), the aim of which is to analyze the start-up behavior
(not ignited) by means of a test current no greater than 10% of the nominal phase current (plate value)
in order to avoid overheating of the three-phase motor windings, thus making the resistance
measurements of the windings through different techniques in the star and delta connections.

II. Goals
• Identify the nominal operation values of a three-phase motor.
• Perform different types of load connection.
• Calculate by Ohm measurement and law the resistance of the coils of a three-phase motor.
III. Theoretical framework.

ELECTRIC MOTOR
Electric motors are rotating electrical machines that transform electrical energy into mechanical
energy.
PARTS OF AN ELECTRIC MOTOR

Image 1. Parts of an Electric motor. taken from (Rosales, 2014).

• Stator

It constitutes the fixed part of the motor, element that operates as a base allowing the rotation of the
motor, the stator does not move mechanically, but magnetically. The stator is constituted by a set of
sheets of silicon steel, which allows the magnetic flux to pass through it easily; it houses the windings
called magnetic poles.
• Rotor
It constitutes the moving part of the motor, it is the mechanical transfer element, since it depends on
the conversion of electrical energy to mechanical, the rotors are a set of sheets of silicon steel that
form a package and can be of three types:
- Slotted rotor.
- Outgoing pole rotor.
- Squirrel cage rotor.
• Resistance
Electrical resistance is any opposition that finds the current as it passes through a closed electrical
circuit, attenuating or braking the free flow of electric charges or electrons, any device or consumer
(passive) connected to an electrical circuit represents a load , resistance or obstacle for the circulation
of electric current.
• Winding or Coils
A coil or also called an inductor because of its coiled form of coiled wire, is a component of electronic
circuits by which its function is to store energy in the form of a magnetic field.
The inductors or coils oppose the variation of currents circulating among them, being a wire wound
this behaves as a resistance allowing thus to measure the value in ohms of the same.
The resistance value of a stator winding of an asynchronous motor is useful to determine:
- Conventional performance.
- The pairs and displacements in charge, through the construction of the diagram
circular.
Since the motor is of the three-phase type, with stator winding, constituted by three different circuits
(phases U, V, W) where the terminals are located at each end of each load, this is how the terminals
are shown:

Image 2. Phases of an Electric motor. taken from (LORENZO).

The three phases may be connected in star or triangle, in simple form, as indicated in the following
scheme:

Image 3. Connection types. taken from (LORENZO).

The three stator phases that are provided for the nominal currents, have a resistance of small value
(their values decrease when the nominal power of the machine increases). For this, the necessary
measures must be adopted to avoid the contact resistance effect, either by choosing an appropriate
measurement method or by making the volumetric connections of the circuit.
The measurement must be made in direct current and the machine stopped. In each case, proceed
when the engine is cold, ie idle for several hours so that you can be sure that all parts are at room
temperature. In this way, if the adopted measurement method does not cause a particular overheating,
it can be stated that the resistance value obtained is relative to a winding temperature equal to that of
the external environment, which can be easily measured with a thermometer. (LORENZO)

Image 4. Electrical diagram for the measurement of the resistance of the stator winding. taken from (LORENZO).

IV. Elements used.

In order to carry out and comply with the objectives of this practice it was necessary to make use of
the following elements provided by the technological development center:
o Sources of the Lorenzo modules (together with their respective safety elements, key, electric
and thermo-magnetic fuses).
o Multimeter (to be used in its function as an ohmmeter and voltmeter).
o Clamp meter.
o Pomona Cables.
o Manual and motor DL 1021.
V. Methodology.
In the development of the practice a three-phase motor was used, its properties were corroborated
by means of the plate located on the side of the motor, it shows the current and voltage appropriate
for the use of the motor. A star connection to the motor was made without energizing, this with the
objective of taking the respective measurement of the resistance of V, U and W. Once the resistance
data was taken in the star connection, the same procedure was executed, but this time in triangle
connection.
It proceeds to power the three-phase motor to 10% of its respective current tolerance in each
connection, therefore, the supply current was varied thanks to the potentiometer of the module, the
potentiometer was used and instead of the variac for greater accuracy in the current delivered by the
system, once the motor was powered, voltage and current values were taken for each connection.

VI. Results
The results that were obtained during the practice were the following:
• For the direct measurement of the resistances with the multimeter in delta and star connection, it
was obtained that:

Terminals Resistance [Ω]

V 4.2
U 4.2
W 4.5
Table 1. Measured values of the resistors in triangle connection.

Terminals Resistance [Ω]

V 6.1
U 6.1
W 6.1
Table 2. Measured values of the resistances in star connection.
• For the direct measurement of the resistances with the multimeter in delta and star energized
connection, taking into account to be close to 10% of the nominal current value of each type of
connection (triangle 0.45A and star 0.26A) it was obtained that:

Terminals Current [Amperes] Voltage [volts]

V 0.505 2.141
U 0.464 1.929
W 0.492 2.131
Table 3. Measured values of the resistors in triangle connection with source.

Terminals Current [Amperes] Voltage [volts]

V 0.235 1.450
U 0.233 1.414
W 0.229 2.464
Table 4. Measured values of the resistances in star connection with source.

VII. Analysis of results.

With the data that was obtained and showed previously, it is possible to calculate the resistance with
the current and voltage values with the use of the ohm law of each type of connection, and depending
on the value of each type of connection obtained compare with the actual values measured with the
ohmmeter and in this way be able to calculate the error between the two forms of calculation, with
what you have to:

 Star:

Terminals Resistance Measure Calculated Percentage of error

resistance [%]
V 6.1 6.17 1.15
U 6.1 6.07 0.49
W 6.1 6.39 4.75
Table 5. Comparison of the star connection connection resistance value.

 Triangle:
 Terminals Resistance Measure Calculated Percentage of error
resistance [%]
V 4.2 4.24 0.95
U 4.2 4.15 1.19
W 4.2 4.33 3.1
Table 6. Comparison of the resistance value connection type triangle.

In this way you can see how the calculated error results, represent a very insignificant value, since
none exceeds 5%, and those who value that are greater than 1.5% are attributed a heating effect on
the coils that make up this engine three-phase.

VIII. Conclusions.
 The rating plate allows us to corroborate the nominal operating values of the motor used.
 It is important to correctly interpret the tolerances of each connection to avoid three-phase
motor failures.
 If a star connection to the motor is used, its terminals will obtain a greater resistance
compared to a triangle connection.
 The heating of the internal filaments of the motor terminals produces a considerable drop
of resistance almost linear with respect to time.
 Ohm's law was corroborated for circuits in alternating current, having the voltage and
current that falls in each connection, star or triangle will obtain the resistance of the terminal.
IX. Bibliography.

Como Funciona. (2006). Como funciona un potenciometro. Obtenido de Como funciona un

potenciometro: https://como-funciona.co/un-potenciometro/

LORENZO, D. (s.f.). Manual Motor DL 1021.

NEW LINE. (2016). Reguladores de Voltaje & Transformadores Variables. Obtenido de

Transfomadores Variables de voltaje - Variacs Trfásicos:
https://corpnewline.com/transformadores-variables.htm

Rosales, J. H. (2014). Motores Electricos para la Industria. Obtenido de

http://www.usmp.edu.pe/vision2018/pdf/materiales/MOTORES_ELECTRICOS_PARA_LA_I
N.pdf