Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
LECTURE – 30
MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT
Topic Covered
Maintenance of Crane
Maintenance of Crane Hoist
CRANE
CRANE INSTALLATION
Good maintenance begins with a good installation. Prior to, during, and following erection of the
crane, the following precautions should be observed:
1. Crane runway rails should be straight and accurately aligned to the correct span the entire length
of the runway.
2. Be sure the crane is assembled in accordance with the match marks and instructions provided by
the manufacturer.
3. It is of utmost importance that girders be square with the end trucks, that the trucks be parallel to
each other, and that the bolts furnished with the crane be used for making the connection between
the girders and end trucks. These bolts are usually of the ground-body type fitted into reamed
holes.
4. Check all connecting bolts for tightness, and be sure lock washers or other locking means have
been used as furnished.
5. Check for and remove any loose articles, such as bolts, hammers, or wrenches, which may have
been left on top of the trolley or girders or on the platform.
6. Grease bearings on the crane as required. Check and add oil to gear housings as required.
9. Check for any oil or grease spillage that may have occurred during erection, and wipe all oil spot
dry.
CRANE INSPECTION
1. Operation of all limit switches, without load on hook (the crane motion should be inched or run
into the limit position at slow speed for these checks)
5. Hoisting ropes for broken wires, abrasions, kinks, or evidence of not spooling properly on drum
2. Cracked, worn, deformed, or corroded members, including rails or beam flanges on which the
crane operates
3. Cracked, worn, or distorted mechanical parts such as shafts, bearings, pins, wheels, rollers, gears,
pinions, and locking or clamping devices
4. Excessive wear on brake parts, pawls, pins, levers, ratchets, linings, etc.
6. Electric or other types of motor for performance and wear of commutator, slip rings, brushes, etc.
8. Crane hooks for cracks, by magnetic particle, dye penetrant, or other reliable crack-detection
method; and hook-attaching means including hook nut, locking pin, etc., for security of hook
attachment to lower block
10. Electrical devices, controls, and wiring for signs of deterioration or wear; electrical contactor
points for excessive pitting.
CRANE MAINTENANCE
Since the original equipment manufacturer is usually in the better position to provide replacement
parts and ensure their safety, interchangeability, and suitability for the application, it is
recommended that such parts be obtained from the original equipment manufacturer.
Hoist-limit switches
Contactors
Contact kits
Timing relays
Bearings
Hoisting ropes
When ordering parts for a crane, observation of the following points can save time and expense:
2. Refer to the parts manual furnished by the manufacturer, and identify parts by the numbers given.
3. For cranes with auxiliary hoists, specify whether parts are for main or auxiliary hoist; if for a
bucket crane, if parts are for the holding-line or closing-line mechanism.
4. If the crane carries more than one trolley or hoist, specify which trolley or hoist the parts relate to.
5. When ordering brake parts, specify which brake, whether hoist (main or auxiliary), trolley, or
bridge.
6. If parts are for electrical equipment or other equipment not shown on the parts lists, describe the
part and identify the serial number of the unit for which it is required.
1. The crane to be repaired should be located where it will cause least interference with other
operations in the area.
4. Warning signs should be placed on the crane and on the floor beneath the crane or on the crane
hook if near the floor.
5. If other cranes are operating on the same runway, rail stops or other means should be provided to
prevent collision with the idle crane, or a signal man may be employed to warn off approaching
cranes.
Any load-bearing parts which are cracked, bent, or excessively worn must be repaired or replaced.
Pitted or burned electrical contacts should be corrected only by replacement and only in sets.
All control stations should be kept clean with function labels intact. Missing or illegible warning
labels must be replaced promptly.
Lubrication should be applied regularly to all moving parts for which lubrication is specified
and/or indicated by lubrication fittings. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations as to
frequency and types of lubricants to be used. Avoid over greasing of bearings and overfilling of
gear cases.
Unless the crane is equipped with automatic lubricators, the same preliminary precautions should
be taken for lubricating the crane as for making repairs.
Hoisting ropes require special attention. On cranes in continuous service, ropes should be
inspected visually daily, and a thorough inspection should be made at least once a month, with
written record made as to rope condition and possible need for replacement. All inspections
should be made by an appointed or authorized person. Any form of rope deterioration which
could result in appreciable loss of original rope strength should be carefully noted. Conditions
such as the following require a determination as to whether continued use constitutes a safety
hazard.
CHAIN HOIST
Performing regular maintenance is an essential safety practice in any workplace. This is especially
true in a place that deals with industrial equipment, like cranes.
Cranes are both extremely useful, and extremely dangerous. According to OSHA, crane-related
injuries kill approximately 71 workers each year.
Maintaining your crane’s chain hoist is essential to keeping your employees safe. Additionally,
regular maintenance will also keep your crane operating efficiently.
Performing these tests will help demonstrate how the hoist operates under various conditions and will
reveal any problems with performance.
Fortunately, when it comes to belt drives, downtime can often be prevented, and there are
straightforward steps you can take to improve workplace safety. In addition to proper selection and
storage of belts, a preventive maintenance (PM) plan includes proper inspection, maintenance and
replacement. Making a PM plan part of routine maintenance frees up plant managers and maintenance
engineers to focus on other important tasks—like boosting productivity and improving the bottom line.