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The 8051
Microcontroller
What is Microcontroller ?
VLSI IC that contains a CPU (Processor) along with some
other peripherals like Memory (RAM and ROM), I/O Ports,
Timers/Counters, Communication Interface, ADC, etc.
8051 original
member of Intel MC
8051 family.
8052,8031other
members.
Internal Architecture
8051 Microcontroller Features
8 – Bit ALU: Heart of a microcontroller.
RAM: 128 Bytes of RAM (Data memory) includes SFRs and Input /
Output Port Registers.
ROM: 8051 has 4 KB of on-chip ROM (Program Memory).
I/O Ports: four 8 – bit Input / Output Ports. Bit addressable and
bidirectional.
Timers / Counters: Two 16 – bit Timers / Counters.
Serial Port: 8051 supports full duplex UART Communication.
External Memory: two 16 – bit address lines. each for RAM and ROM.
Total external memory 8051 access for RAM and ROM is 64KB (216 for
each type).
Additional Features: Interrupts, on-chip oscillator, Boolean Processor,
Power Down Mode, etc.
8051 Hardware/Architecture
Accumulator(Add E0H) - 8 bit register, for arithmetic and logical
operations. Also used to transfer data between external memory.
B register (Add F0H)- used along with Accumulator for multiplication
and division. A and B registers together - MATH registers.
Mov 0f0h,#40H
PSW (Program Status Word ,Add DOh). - 8 bit register which contains
the arithmetic status of ALU and the bank select bits of register banks.