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Statistical methods are used to help us describe and understand variability.

By variability,

we mean that successive observations of a system or phenomenon do not produce exactly the

same result. We all encounter variability in our everyday lives, and statistical thinking can
give us a useful way to incorporate this variability into our decision-making processes.

2. Branch of mathematics concerned with collection, classification, analysis, and


interpretation of numerical facts, for drawing inferences on the basis of their
quantifiable likelihood (probability). Statistics can interpret aggregates of data too large
to be intelligible by ordinary observation because such data (unlike individual quantities)
tend to behave in regular, predictable manner. It is subdivided into descriptive statistics
and inferential statistics.

Functions or Uses of Statistics


(1) Statistics helps in providing a better understanding and exact description of a
phenomenon of nature.

(2) Statistics helps in the proper and efficient planning of a statistical inquiry in any field
of study.

(3) Statistics helps in collecting appropriate quantitative data.

(4) Statistics helps in presenting complex data in a suitable tabular, diagrammatic and
graphic form for easy and clear comprehension of the data.

(5) Statistics helps in understanding the nature and pattern of variability of a


phenomenon through quantitative observations.

(6) Statistics helps in drawing valid inferences, along with a measure of their reliability
about the population parameters from the sample data.
The field of statistics is the science of learning from data. Statistical knowledge helps you use the
proper methods to collect the data, employ the correct analyses, and effectively present the results.
Statistics is a crucial process behind how we make discoveries in science, make decisions based on
data, and make predictions. Statistics allows you to understand a subject much more deeply.

The important limitations of statistics are:

(1) Statistics laws are true on average. Statistics are aggregates of facts, so a single observation is not
a statistic. Statistics deal with groups and aggregates only.

(2) Statistical methods are best applicable to quantitative data.

(3) Statistics cannot be applied to heterogeneous data.

(4) If sufficient care is not exercised in collecting, analyzing and interpreting the data, statistical
results might be misleading.

(5) Only a person who has an expert knowledge of statistics can handle statistical data efficiently.

(6) Some errors are possible in statistical decisions. In particular, inferential statistics involves certain
errors. We do not know whether an error has been committed or not.

Statistics is a science that helps us make decisions and draw conclusions in the presence of
variability. For example, civil engineers working in the transportation field are concerned about the
capacity of regional highway systems. A typical problem would involve data on the number of
nonwork, home-based trips, the number of persons per household, and the number of vehicles per
household, and the objective would be to produce a trip-generation model relating trips to the
number of persons per household and the number of vehicles per household. A statistical technique
called regression analysis can be used to construct this model. The trip-generation model is an
important tool for transportation systems planning. Regression methods are among the most widely
used statistical techniques in engineering.
3. Probability study is very important to engineers for it examines how likely events could happen
and so the risks could be determined and resolved professionally. Another significant application of
probability theory in everyday life is reliability. Many consumer products, such as automobiles and
consumer electronics, use reliability theory in product design to reduce the probability of failure.

The field of statistics deals with the collection, presentation, analysis and use of data to make
decisions, solve problems and design products and processes.

Engineers solve problems constantly and repetitively that's why the need of statistics in the
Engineering domain is of a huge value.

Tampering

Another application of statistics in engineering is monitoring the outcomes of a certain process and
trying to manipulate the results to one's desire through tampering.

Tampering in the context of a controlled process is adjusting the process on the basis of outcomes
which are within the expected range of variability.

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