Lab Name: To check the Flexibility of an individual (Trunk Test) by using Sit and Reach

Box.
Course Title: Human Factors Engineering
Practical No.
Course teacher/Lab Instructor: Engr. Muhammad Abdulrehman
Student Name:__________________________
Registration no.__________________________

Marking Evaluation Sheet

Max. Obtained
Knowledge components Domain Taxonomy level Contribution
marks marks
1. Student has conducted the
experiment by practicing Manipulate (P2) 10
the hands-on skills.
Psychomotor 70%
2. Student has achieved
required Result/Accuracy Precision (P3) 8
in performance.
3. Student has Followed the
safety instructions while
Respond (A2) 3
performing the
Experiment Affective 20%
4. Student has followed all
the timelines provided Valuing (A3) 2
during the lab session
5. Student has analyzed and
Compare/evaluate
compared the results with Cognitive 10% 2
(C4)
Standard.

Total Marks 25

Normalize
marks out of 5
(5)

Signed by Course teacher/ Lab Instructor

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TITLE: Sit and Reach Test

PERFORMANCE NAME: To check the Flexibility of an individual (Trunk Test)

by using Sit and Reach Box.
OBJECTIVE:
The objectives of the experiment are to measure.
1. Maximum reach of individuals.
2. Flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles.

APPARATUS:
1. Sit and reach apparatus
2. Tread mill
3. Measuring tape
4. Note book:

THEORY:
Sit and Reach Flexibility Test:
The sit and reach test is a common measure of flexibility, and specifically measures
the flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles. This test is important as
because tightness in this area is implicated in lumbar lordosis, forward pelvic tilt and
lower back pain. This test was first described by Wells and Dillon (1952) and is now
widely used as a general test of flexibility. The sit and reach test is performed by
using the sit and reach box.

Figure 1: Sit and Reach Box

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This test is used to check the flexibility of the vertebral column. In many industries,
where workers works in the sitting postures, this test can be useful. In most of the
industries especially in textile sector and service sector, worker works in sitting
posture and about 80% of the workers experience lower back pain.

If a worker’s sitting posture is wrong then the original shape of the vertebral column
will changed and the worker feels severe stress in the back bone. Sit and reach
experiment checks the maximum flexibility of the vertebral column and then some
exercise is performed to increase the flexibility.

The table below gives you a general guide for expected scores (in cm and inches)
for adults, when performed without warm-up. There are some variation is how the
test is measured. In this example, the zero point is at the level of the feet
(otherwise you can add 23cm or nine inches, depending on what protocol is used).

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PRE EXPERIMENT TASKS:

Before performing the experiment, a warm up exercise is performed, because the

muscles of the body are relaxed and sudden stress in the muscles generates high
pain in the muscles. So, before performing the experiment, some exercise on the
tread mill should be performed.

METHODOLOGY:
Following steps are followed for performing the experiment, before starting the
experiment the subject must be warmed up.

 This test involves sitting on the flour with the legs stretched out or straight
legs without any bend, shoe should be removed.

 The bottom of the feet are placed in front of the sit and reach apparatus such
that it is flat (straight without any bend. Both knees must be locked and
pressed flat to floor. With the palm facing downwards and the hands on the
top upon each other or side by side.

 The back of the subject must be flat with the wall as he/she get a support from
the wall.

 The subject reaches forward along measuring line as far as possible.

 Ensure that the hands remain at same level, not one reaching further, forward
than the other.

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  After some practices of reaches, the subject reaches out and holding that
position for at-least two seconds while the distance id recoded.

 Make sure, there are no jerking movements.

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:

Sr # Reach Distance
(cm)
1

2
3

Sr. # Name of Subject Readings of Test Average Readings

(cm) (cm)
R1 R2 R3

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STANDARD TABLE

The reach standard table for different age groups and percentiles is given below

ADVANTAGES:
The sit and reach test is a common test of flexibility, and is an easy and quick test
to perform. If using the standard testing procedure, there is a lot of published data
to use for comparison.

DISADVANTAGES:
Variations in arm, leg and trunk length can make comparisons between individuals
misleading. This test is specific to the range of motion and muscles and joints of the
lower back and hamstrings, and may not be relevant to other parts of the body.

PRECAUTIONS:
 A warm up exercise should be performed before performing the experiment.
 Both hands should be aligned.
 Both knees should be pressed to the floor

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Draw a graph between Age and Flexibility

Explain graph:

Explain the Standard Table of Sit and Reach.

Some protocols define the level of the feet to be the zero mark, others have that at 15 or 23 cm. is
it effect the reading justify your answer