Study Questions for Chapter 20

1.  Which of the following arteries gives rise to 4.  Which of the following muscles will the
the axis artery of the lower limb? posterior divisions of the lumbosacral plexus
(A) External iliac artery innervate?
(B) Femoral artery (A) Semitendinosus
(C) Profunda femoris artery (B) Semimembranosus
(D) Umbilical artery (C) Long head of biceps femoris
(E) Inferior gluteal artery (D) Rectus femoris
(E) Gastrocnemius
2.  The femur develops from which of the
following? 5.  During weeks 6–8, the lower limb bud will
(A) Somite mesoderm rotate
(B) Lateral plate mesoderm (A) Medially 90°
(C) Intermediate mesoderm (B) Laterally 90°
(D) Extraembryonic mesoderm (C) Medially 180°
(E) Sclerotome mesoderm (D) Laterally 180°
(E) No rotation occurs
3.  The rectus femoris muscle develops from
which of the following?
(A) Posterior condensation
(B) Anterior condensation
(C) Lateral plate mesoderm
(D) Extraembryonic mesoderm
(E) Sclerotome mesoderm

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 Answers and Explanations

1. D.  Early in development, the umbilical artery gives rise to the axis artery.
2. B.  All bones of the lower limb form from lateral plate mesoderm that condenses along the central
axis of the lower limb bud.
3. A.  Somite mesoderm migrates into the limb bud and forms two condensations. The posterior
condensation of the lower limb gives rise to the extensors of the lower limb, which attain an
­anterior location in the adult because of the medial rotation of 90°.
4. D.  One of the nerves that form from the posterior divisions of the lumbosacral plexus is the
femoral nerve. Posterior divisions of the lumbosacral plexus will innervate muscles derived
from the posterior condensation (extensors). Rectus femoris muscle is an extensor at the knee
joint. Note that rectus femoris muscle and the femoral nerve are related embryologically to
the posterior condensation and posterior divisions even though in the adult they are located
­anterior. This occurs because of the medial rotation of 90°.
5. A.  The lower limb bud will rotate medially 90° so that the knee points anteriorly.

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