2018-2019

Duhok polytechnic university

Technical college of engineering

Petrochemical department

COURS: Pollution Control (practical)

Lecturer: Mr. Ahmad

Teaching Zahraa
Assistant :Mrs.

Name of exp.:

Determination 🅷➋🆂 in crude oil

Submitted 🅱🆈: Ìbrahím Dêwalí

Experiment No: ❷
5/1/2019

Date : MAY 1, 2019

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 Aim or Objective:

➲ To determine amount of H2S in crude oil

.
Introduction:

Sour crude oil is crude oil containing a high amount of the impurity sulfur. It is
common to find crude oil containing some impurities. When the total sulfur level in
the oil is more than 0.5% the oil is called "sour". The impurities need to be removed
before this lower-quality crude can be refined into petrol, thereby increasing the cost
of processing. This results in a higher-priced gasoline than that made from sweet
crude oil. Current environmental regulations in the United States strictly limit the
sulfur content in refined fuels such as diesel and gasoline. The majority of the sulfur
in crude oil occurs bonded to carbon atoms, with a small amount occurring as
elemental sulfur in solution and as hydrogen sulfide gas. Sour oil can be toxic and
corrosive, especially when the oil contains higher levels of hydrogen sulfide,which
is a breathing hazard. At low concentrations the gas gives the oil the smell of rotting
eggs. For safety reasons, sour crude oil needs to be stabilized by having hydrogen
sulfide gas (H2S) removed from it before being transported by oil tankers.

How to Reliably Measure Hydrogen Sulfide in Crude Oil

The measurement of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in crude oil is a critical practice for
quality control and safety purposes. Without precise quantification of H2S in a
process, efficient processing of crude oil is not possible. To maintain safety when
transporting crude oil and condensate, measurement of the H2S content is vitally
important.Measurement of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a beneficial practice for
product quality control purposes and for personnel safety of those who may come in
contact with sometimes fatal sour gas. Crude oil with low levels of H2S is more
valuable than crude with high H2S as low H2S level oil can be more readily
processed into petroleum products.Without accurate quantification of H2S in a
sample stream, efficient removal of the H2S is not possible. H2S analyzers are
utilized for this quantification of H2S in various systems in order to optimize the
process and cut costs.
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H2S Safety

Working on an oil & gas sight can be dangerous in many ways. This is why there
are plenty of procedures and protocols put in place to try to prevent any incidents. I
could go on for days about all of the safety procedures but I want to specifically gear
more towards H2S safety for this blog.

Apparatus and materials:

❶closed flask
❷separating funnel
❸ cylinder

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 Procedure:

❶150 ml of 3% borax solution was taken.

❷100 ml of the sample in closed flask (500 ml) heated to 25-30°C and putted with
borax solution in a separating funnel and shacked well.
❸5ml of H2 SO2 ( 1.5 % ) mixed with 5ml solution of (di thiocarbazone ) indicator
dissolved in carbon tetrachloride (CCL).
❹10 ml of separated borax solution mixed with the above solution.
❺Titrate the above mixture with 0.01HgCL2. Finally the mixture is shaking well
until the color change from green to brown.

Results and calculation:

𝟏𝟕𝟎∗𝑻∗𝟏𝟓𝟎/𝑽
ppm of H2S=
𝑺.𝑮∗𝟏𝟎𝟎

PPm where T is volume of HgCl2 and V is a titration of volume of borax

after separation .

T=1.6

V= 5ml

S.G = 0.8940
𝟏𝟕𝟎∗𝟏.𝟔∗𝟏𝟓𝟎/𝟓
= = 91.3 ppm
𝟎.𝟖𝟗𝟒𝟎∗𝟏𝟎𝟎
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 Discussion:

This experiment we determine the amount of H2S in a sample of crude oil the
amount of H2S is (594.43) this maybe incorrect because our materials maybe
expired we titrate the borax solution with Hgcl2 to change the color from green to
brown the volume of Hgcl2 unit the color change is (21)ml the H2S gas has
problem its problem is heavy gas heaver them water the amount of H2S is
important tobe determined because its dangerous gas and must be eliminated or
maximized to safety level.

5/1/2019