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Anchor or Ball
1
Before 1600’s
“Heavier objects
fall faster than the
lighter ones…”
Aristotle
“all objects
fall at the
same rate…”
Objectives
• Solve problems involving motion with constant
acceleration and free falling bodies
𝒗𝒙 = 𝒗𝟎𝒙 + 𝒂𝒙 𝒕
𝟏
𝒙 = 𝒙𝟎 + 𝒗𝟎𝒙 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒙 𝒕𝟐
𝟐
𝒗𝟐𝒙 = 𝒗𝟐𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝒂𝒙 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎
𝒗𝟎𝒙 + 𝒗𝒙
𝒙 = 𝒙𝟎 + 𝒕
𝟐
Derivation of the kinematic equations
Isolating 𝒕 from
𝒗𝒙 = 𝒗𝟎𝒙 + 𝒂𝒙 𝒕
We have
𝒗𝟐𝒙 = 𝒗𝟐𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝒂𝒙 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎
8
Kinematic equations for constant acceleration
𝒗𝒙 = 𝒗𝟎𝒙 + 𝒂𝒙 𝒕
𝟏
𝒙 = 𝒙𝟎 + 𝒗𝟎𝒙 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒙 𝒕𝟐
𝟐
𝒗𝟎𝒙 + 𝒗𝒙
𝒙 = 𝒙𝟎 + 𝒕
𝟐
9
Graphical representation of
constant acceleration
𝒙
𝟏
𝒙 = 𝒙𝟎 + 𝒗𝟎𝒙 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒙 𝒕𝟐 𝒙𝟎
𝟐 0
𝒗 𝒕
𝒗𝒙 = 𝒗𝟎𝒙 + 𝒂𝒙 𝒕 𝒗𝟎𝒙
0 𝒕
𝒂
𝒂𝒙 = constant
𝒕
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Guides in problem solving
Determine if problem assumes constant 𝑎.
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Approach in problem solving
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Sample Problem:
A motorcyclist heading east accelerates after he passes
a signpost. His acceleration is constant at 4.0m/s2. At
time t = 0 he is 5.0m east of the signpost, moving east at
15m/s.
(a) Find his position and velocity at time t = 2.0s.
(b) Where is the motorcyclist when his velocity is 25m/s?
13
Given: ax = 4.0m/s2 v0 = 15m/s
x0 = 5.0m t = 2.0s
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣0𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 𝒗𝒚 = 𝒗𝟎𝒚 − 𝒈𝒕
1 𝟏 𝟐
𝑥 = 𝑥0 + 𝑣0𝑥 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 2 𝒚 = 𝒚𝟎 + 𝒗𝟎𝒚 𝒕 − 𝒈𝒕
2 𝟐
2
𝑣𝑥2 = 𝑣0𝑥 + 2𝑎𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥0 𝒗𝟐𝒚 = 𝒗𝟐𝟎𝒚 − 𝟐𝒈 𝒚 − 𝒚𝟎
𝑣0𝑥 + 𝑣𝑥 𝒗𝟎𝒚 + 𝒗𝒚
𝑥 = 𝑥0 + 𝑡 𝒚 = 𝒚𝟎 + 𝒕
2 𝟐 17
Sample Problem:
You throw a ball vertically upward from the roof of a tall
building. The ball leaves your hand at a point even with the
roof railing with the speed of 15.0m/s; the ball is in free fall.
On its way back down, it just misses the railing. Find:
(a) the position and velocity of the ball 1.00s and 4.00s after
leaving your hand;
(b) the velocity when the ball is 5.00m above the railing;
(c) the maximum height reached; and
(d) the acceleration of the ball at its maximum height.
𝟏 𝟐 𝒗𝟎𝒚 + 𝒗𝒚
𝒚 = 𝒚𝟎 + 𝒗𝟎𝒚 𝒕 − 𝒈𝒕 𝒚 = 𝒚𝟎 + 𝒕
𝟐 𝟐 18
19
(a) The position y and velocity vy a time t after the ball
leaves your hand are given by:
𝟏 𝟐 (1)
𝒚 = 𝒚𝟎 + 𝒗𝟎𝒚 𝒕 − 𝒈𝒕
𝟐
𝟏
𝒚 = 𝟎 + (𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝒎/𝒔)𝒕 − (𝟗. 𝟖𝟎𝒎/𝒔𝟐 )𝒕𝟐 (2)
𝟐
𝒗𝒚 = 𝒗𝟎𝒚 − 𝒈𝒕 (3)
We use the same equation to get position & velocity for t = 4.00s
𝒚 𝒕 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝒔 = −𝟏𝟖. 𝟒𝒎 𝒗𝒚 𝒕 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝒔 = −𝟐𝟒. 𝟐𝒎/𝒔
20
(b) The y-velocity vy at any point y is given by:
𝒗𝟐𝒚 = 𝒗𝟐𝟎𝒚 − 𝟐𝒈 𝒚 − 𝒚𝟎
𝟎 = 𝒗𝟐𝟎𝒚 − 𝟐𝒈 𝒚 − 𝟎
𝒗𝟎𝒚 𝟐 (𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝒎/𝒔)𝟐
𝒚= =
𝟐𝒈 𝟐(𝟗. 𝟖𝒎/𝒔𝟐 )
𝒚 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝒎
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Seatwork: Young and Freedman, 2.21
An antelope moving with constant acceleration covers
the distance between two points 70.0 m apart in 7.00 s.
Its speed as it passes the second point is 15.0 m/s.
1) What is its speed at the first point?
2) What is its acceleration?
𝟏 𝒗𝟎𝒙 + 𝒗𝒙
𝒙 = 𝒙𝟎 + 𝒗𝟎𝒙 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒙 𝒕𝟐 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟎 + 𝒕
𝟐 𝟐 24
Seatwork: Young and Freedman, Prob. 2.39
A flea can jump straight up to a height of 0.440 m,
3) what is the initial speed as it leaves the ground?
4) how long is it in the air?
Given: y = 0.440m y0 = 0
g = 9.81m/s2 for SW3: vy = 0
𝟏 𝟐 𝒗𝟎𝒚 + 𝒗𝒚
𝒚 = 𝒚𝟎 + 𝒗𝟎𝒚 𝒕 − 𝒈𝒕 𝒚 = 𝒚𝟎 + 𝒕
𝟐 𝟐
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Recit # 2 (Friday)
Hint:
you will use ALL 4 equations on constant
acceleration
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Answers to Seat work
1-2) a = 0.2m/s2 (increases)
3-4) a = -0.2m/s2 (decreases)
5-6) a = -0.3m/s2 (increases)
7-8) a = 0.4m/s2 (decreases)
Negative slope
-negative acceleration
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Parabolic, reverses
concavity in the
middle
(10)
a<0 (slope of v-t),
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