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● Warm Up
● Phyla Review
● Chondrichthyes Notes
● Shark Webquest
● Exit Ticket
Subphylum
Subphylum Subphylum
Cephalo-
Urochordata Vertebrata
chordata
Superclass
Superclass Gnatho-
Agnatha stomata
Class
Class Actinopterygii/ Class Class Class
Class Aves
Chondryichthyes Class Amphibia Reptilia Mammalia
Sarcopterygii
What do you think
separates
Superclass
Agnatha from
Superclass
Gnathostomata?
Form and Function
Body Structure
• Body fusiform =
dorsoventrally
depressed
• Dorsal fin(s)
• Endoskeleton entirely
cartilaginous
– Have vertebrae
• Color pattern =
countershading (camouflage)
How does a shark’s
body shape, scales,
skeletal structure,
and coloring relate
to its role in its
ecosystem?
● Warm Up
● Chondrichthyes Notes
● Guest Speaker
● Shark Scares
• Jaws!
– Modified from
pharyngeal arch
• J-shaped stomach
• Teeth (calcium carbonate) • Large oil filled liver for
– Teeth constantly fall out buoyancy NOT a swim
and are replaced
bladder
In which animals have we seen calcium
carbonate? Circle answer(s).
Sharks have to keep swimming or they’ll drown.
True False
Respiratory System
• 3 chambered heart;
closed circulatory
system
Excretion
• Have kidney to
regulate salt
concentration in blood
Do you think sharks are born like
Chickens OR Humans
Reproduction
1 5 9
3 7
• Electroreception:
Ampullae of Lorenzini;
electrical fields
Do you think most sharks are
caught intentionally or
unintentionally?
Shark Ecology
Hunting Protecting
Largest Sharks
• Non-living: Megalodon
– Up to 40+ ft long
– Carnivorous
– Teeth the size of a human hand
Most Dangerous
• White tipped shark
– Very curious if it thinks it has a
potential meal
– Famous for attacked shipwreck
victims
• Tiger shark
– Average of 16 ft long
– Powerful jaw & aggressive when
disturbed
• Bull shark
– Up to 11 ft long
– Live in tropical/subtropical shallow
waters
– Unpredictable
Worst Reputation
• Great White Shark
– Average at about 16 ft
long
– Largest carnivorous shark
alive today
– Not aggressive!
– Rarely attack people (you
have a better chance of
getting struck by lightning)
– Usually retreat when
realize person is not food
Oddball
• Hammerhead shark
– 9 ft in length
– Small mouths suited to
catching fish
– Found in tropical &
subtropical
environments
– Prefer coastlines
Deadly Stingrays?
• Cousins of sharks
• Flattened bodies with
long tail
• Not aggressive – use
tail as defense when
stepped on