GL 2101

Geologi Fisik
Nilai

• UAS 25%
• UTS 20%
• Praktikum 25%
• Kuis dan tugas 10%
• Fieldwork / tugas pengganti filedwork 10%
• Ujian Praktikum 10%

• Praktikum 8 modul, mulai minggu keempat Januari

• Ujian praktikum: Deskripsi batuan
Geology ITB
Geology ITB
Week 1

1 a. Geology & Earth System

• Why we learn geology?
• Earth & the Universe
• Continental Drift vs. Plate Tectonics

1 b. The Principles of Geology

• Catastrophy vs. Uniformitarianisme
• Space and Time in Geology

2. Plate Tectonics
• Divergent, Convergent, Transform
Geology ITB

3. Earth Materials
• Atoms & Ions
• Minerals & Rocks
• Rock Cycle

4. Igneous Rocks and Volcanism

5. Sedimentary processes
• Weathering Processes & Soil
• Erosion-Transportation-Sedimentation
• Sedimentary Rocks
• Stratigraphic Principles
Geology ITB

6. Earth Materials (cont.)

• Tectonics-Mountain Building -Deformation
• Metamorphism & Metamorphic Rocks
• Plate Tectonics & Metamorphism

7. Plate Tectonics

8. UTS
Geology ITB
Sylabus

9. Geologic Structures
• Rock Structures and Deformation Processes
• Fractures and Faults
• Folds

10. Geologic Time Scale

11. Earthquake
• Earthquake and Earth’s Interior
• Plate Tectonics & Earthquake
• Seismic Tomography
• Heat Flow

12. Hydrogeology and Groundwater

Geology ITB
Sylabus

13. Environmental Geology and Geological Hazard

• Geology & Environmental issues
• Earthquake and Tsunami
• Volcanoes
• Land – Mass Movement
• Floods

14. Geologic Resources

• Mineral Resources
• Energy Resources

15. Review
Geology ITB
References

• Carlson, Diane H, Plummer, Charles C. &

Hummersley, Lisa, 2011, Physical Geology,
McGraw Hill
• Tarbuck, Edward, Lutgens, Frederic &
Tasa,Dennis, 2009, Introduction to Physical
Geology, Prentice Hall
• Bush, Richard & Tasa, Dennis, 2011,
Laboratory Manual for Physical Geology,
McGrawHill
Geology ITB
Geology ITB

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Geology ITB
Geology ITB

Resources needed to make a wooden pencil

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Geology ITB

Damage in Haiti following earthquake of 2010 Damage in Chili following earthquake of 2010

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Geology ITB

Mount Pinatubo

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Geology ITB

Atmosphere—the gases that envelop the Earth

Hydrosphere—water on or near the Earth’s
surface, such as the oceans, rivers, lakes and
glaciers
Biosphere—all living or once-living materials
Geosphere—the solid rocky Earth

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Geology ITB

Internal — heat moving from hot

interior of the Earth to the cooler
exterior
•Drives volcanoes, earthquakes
and mountain building
External — energy from the Sun
•Drives atmospheric and oceanic
circulation
•Controls weathering of rocks at
Earth’s surface

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Geology ITB

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Geology ITB

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Geology ITB

• The solid materials of

Earth are separated into
layers according to
composition and
mechanical properties.
• From outside in, the
compositional layers are
(1) crust, (2) mantle, and
(3) core.
• Layers based on physical
properties are (1)
lithosphere, (2)
asthenosphere, (3)
mesosphere, (4) outer
core, and (5) inner core.
Geology ITB
Geology ITB
Geology ITB

• Gelombang P
mampu
melewati padat
maupun
cairan

• Gelombang S hanya
bisa melalui media
padat
Geology ITB
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Geology ITB

Plate Tectonics Theory

• Originally proposed in the late 1960s
• Included new understanding of the sea- floor
and explanation of driving force
• Describes lithosphere as being broken into
plates that are in motion
• Explains origin and distribution of volcanoes,
fault zones, and mountain belts
Geology ITB

• Convergent boundaries
• Plates move toward each other
• Ocean-Continent, Ocean-Ocean, Continent-Continent

Ocean to continent convergent boundary

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Geology ITB

Divergent boundaries
• Plates move apart

• Magma rises, cools and

forms new lithosphere

• Typically expressed as
mid-oceanic ridges

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Geology ITB

The Theory of Plate Tectonics (cont.)

• Transform boundaries
• Plates slide past one another
• Fault zones, earthquakes mark boundary
• San Andreas fault in California

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Geology ITB
Geology ITB
Geology ITB

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Geology ITB

RANGKAIAN PEGUNUNGAN
AHH-09
Geology ITB

JALUR STRUKTUR UTAMA

AHH-09
 GAMBARAN PERMUKAAN BUMI
Geology ITB

DISTRIBUSI PUSAT GEMPA

AHH-09
 GAMBARAN PERMUKAAN BUMI
Geology ITB

RANGKAIAN GUNUNG API

AHH-09
Geology ITB
Geology ITB

Deep Time
• Most geologic processes occur gradually over millions of years
• Changes typically imperceptible over the span of a human lifetime
• Current best estimate for age of Earth is ~4.55 billion years

Geologic Time and the History of Life

• 541 million years: complex life forms first became abundant
• 230 million years: reptiles became abundant
• 66 million years: dinosaurs became extinct
• 5 million year: humans

Nothing hurries geology

— Mark Twain

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Geology ITB

IntroGeomorfo
Geology ITB

• Among the inner planets (Mercury,Venus, Earth, the Moon, and

Mars), Earth is unique because of its size and distance from the
Sun.
• It is large enough to develop and retain an atmosphere and a
hydrosphere.
• Temperature ranges are moderate, such that water can exist on its
surface as liquid, solid, and gas.
Geology ITB

Antares – Betelgeuse - Aldebaran – Rigel – Acturus

Geology ITB

Acturus – Polux - Sirius – Sun . .

Geology ITB

Terrestrial Planets: Mercury – Venus – Earth – Mars, Jovian Planets: Jupiter –

Saturn – Uranus – Neptune, and Pluto (not fit either category).
Geology ITB
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 PERKEMBANGAN ILMU
Geology ITB
GEOLOGI
Geology ITB
 PERKEMBANGAN ILMU
Geology ITB
GEOLOGI
Geology ITB
Geology ITB

Geologi mempunya lingkup bahasan yang luas; dari

suatu bentukan bukit dan lembah hingga kontinen dan
samudera

Proses Geologi melalui kurun waktu yang sangat

panjang (sesuai prinsip Hutton) dan berlangsung
menerus.
Geology ITB
Geology ITB
Geology ITB

Kristal dan Mineral

Geology ITB
Geology ITB
Geology ITB

Ganggang
Udang Purba
(Miosen)
(Kambrium)

Radiolaria
(Kapur)

Mamalia
(Kuarter)
Burung Purba