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FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER I
SESSION 2009/2010
DURATION : 3 HOURS
PART A
dy
Q1 (a) If y sin −1 x = sinh −1 y , find by using implicit differentiation.
dx
(5 marks)
(b) Find the arc length of the parametric curve x = cos 3 t and y = sin 3 t over the
3
interval t = π to t = π .
2
(8 marks)
(c) Show that the area of surface that is generated by revolving the arc of x 2 − 4 y = 0
4
about the y-axis from y = 1 to y = 3 is π (16 − 4 2 ) .
3
(7 marks)
Q2 (a) Determine the radius of convergence for the following power series.
∞
(−3) n
∑
n =0 n 7
n +1
( x − 5) n
(7 marks)
2
BSM 1913
PART B
Q3 (a) Evaluate
(i) lim( x 2 + 4 x − x) .
x →∞
x2 − 4
(iii) lim .
x→2 e 2− x − 1
(12 marks)
1 1 dy
Q4 (a) If x = and y = , find when t = 2 .
1− t 2
1+ t 2
dx
(4 marks)
(b) Figure Q4 below shows a window that consist a rectangle topped by a semicircle.
The perimeter of the window is p. The area of the window is to be maximized.
p r
L
Figure Q4
(i) Assuming that the length of the rectangle is L and the radius of the semicircle
is r. What is p in terms of L and r?
(ii) If p = 12 , express the area of the window, A, in terms of r. Hence, find the
radius of the semicircle, r, that maximizes the area, A.
(6 marks)
Show all the asymptote(s), intersection point(s), extremum and inflection point(s)
(if any) in your sketch.
(10 marks)
3
BSM 1913
3
Q5 (a) Evaluate ∫ 0
(3 − u ) 2 e − 4u du .
(5 marks)
π
x dx
(b) Use the substitution of t = tan
2
to calculate ∫ 2
0 3 + 5 cos x
.
(8 marks)
(c) Find
2 dx
(i) ∫ 0 5 + x2
.
dx
(ii) ∫x 9 − 16 x 2
.
(7 marks)
∞
3n n!
Q6 (a) Discuss the convergence of the series ∑
n =0 n
n
.
(8 marks)
4
BSM 1913
FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER / SESSION : SEM I / 2009/2010 COURSE : 1 BFF / BDP / BEE
SUBJECT : ENGINEERING MATHEMATIC I SUBJECT CODE : BSM 1913
Formulae
Indefinite Integrals Integration of Inverse Functions
x n +1 1
∫ 1 − x 2 dx = sin x + C , | x | < 1
−1
∫ x dx = + C, n ≠ −1
n
n +1
1 −1
∫ x dx = ln | x | +C ∫ 1 − x 2 dx = cos x + C , | x | < 1
−1
∫ cos x dx = sin x + C 1
∫ 1 + x 2 dx = tan x + C
−1
∫ sin x dx = − cos x + C −1
∫ 1 + x 2 dx = cot x + C
−1
∫ sec x dx = tan x + C
2
∫ csc x dx = − cot x + C 1
2
∫ | x | x 2 − 1 dx = sec x + C , | x | > 1
−1
∫ cosh x dx = sinh x + C 1
∫ x 2 − 1 dx = cosh x + C , | x | > 1
−1
∫ sinh x dx = cosh x + C
∫ sech x dx = tanh x + C −1
2
∫ csch x dx = − coth x + C
2
−1
∫ | x | 1 + x 2 dx = csch | x | +C , x ≠ 0
−1
f ′′(a ) f ′′′(a )
f ( x) = f ( a ) + f ′( a )( x − a ) + ( x − a) 2 + ( x − a) 3 + L
2! 3!
′′
f ( 0) 2 f ( 0) 3′′′
f ( x ) = f (0) + f ′(0) x + x + x +L
2! 3!
TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION
Expression Trigonometry Hyperbolic
x2 + k 2 x = k tan θ x = k sinh θ
x2 − k 2 x = k sec θ x = k cosh θ
k 2 − x2 x = k sin θ x = k tanh θ
5
BSM 1913
FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER / SESSION : SEM I / 2009/2010 COURSE : 1 BFF / BDP / BEE
SUBJECT : ENGINEERING MATHEMATIC I SUBJECT CODE : BSM 1913
Formulae
TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION
t = tan 2 x
1 t = tan x
2t 1− t2 2t 1− t2
sin x = cos x = sin 2 x = cos 2 x =
1+ t2 1+ t 2 1+ t2 1+ t2
2t 2dt 2t dt
tan x = dx = tan 2 x = dx =
1− t2 1+ t2 1− t2 1+ t2
IDENTITIES OF TRIGONOMETRY AND HYPERBOLIC
Trigonometric Functions Hyperbolic Functions
e x − e−x
cos 2 x + sin 2 x = 1 sinh x =
2
sin 2 x = 2 sin x cos x
e + e −x
x
6
BSM 1913
2nd method
y sin −1 x = sinh −1 y
sinh( y sin −1 x) = y
⎡ y dy ⎤ dy
cosh( y sin −1 x) ⎢ + sin −1 x ⎥ =
⎣ 1− x dx ⎦ dx
2
dy −1 dy −y
sin x cosh( y sin −1 x) − = cosh( y sin −1 x)
dx dx 1− x2
−y
cosh( y sin −1 x)
dy 1− x2
=
dx sin −1 x cosh( y sin −1 x) − 1
3rd method
y sin −1 x = sinh −1 y
⎛ sinh −1 y ⎞
x = sin⎜⎜ ⎟
⎝ y ⎟⎠
d d ⎡ ⎛ sinh −1 y ⎞⎤
[ x] = ⎢sin ⎜ ⎟⎟⎥
dx dx ⎣ ⎜⎝ y ⎠⎦
y dy
− sinh −1 y
y ⎞ 1+ y
⎛ sinh −1 dx
2
1 = cos⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ y ⎠ y2
⎛ sinh −1 y ⎞ ⎡ y dy ⎤
y = cos⎜⎜
2
⎟⎟ ⎢ − sinh −1 y⎥
⎝ y ⎠⎢ 1 + y 2 dx ⎥⎦
⎣
y ⎛ sinh −1 y ⎞
cos⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ − y 2
dy 1+ y 2
⎝ y ⎠
= −1
dx sinh y
7
BSM 1913
Let u = y + 1 ⇒ du = dy
1
4
= 4π ∫ u du 2
2
[ ]
4
⎡ 2u 3 / 2 ⎤ 4
= 4π ⎢ ⎥ = π 16 − 4 2 (shown)
⎣ 3 ⎦2 3
8
BSM 1913
n =0
(−3) n +1
( x − 5) n +1
a n +1 (n + 1) 7 n + 2
ρ = lim = lim
n →∞ an n →∞ (−3) n
n +1
( x − 5) n
n7
− 3n
= | x − 5 | lim
n →∞ (n + 1) 7
−3 − 3n
= | x − 5 | lim = | x − 5 | lim
n →∞ (1 + 1 / n)7 n →∞ 7n + 7
−3 −3
= | x − 5 | lim = | x − 5 | lim
n →∞ 7 n →∞ 7
3 3
= | x −5| | x−5| =
7 7
3 7
converges if | x − 5 | < 1 ⇒ | x − 5 | <
7 3
3 7
diverges if | x −5| >1⇒ | x −5| >
7 3
7
The radius of the convergence for the series is, ρ = .
3
Q2
We have
(b)
f ( z) = f ' ( z) = f " ( z) = L = f (n) ( z) = e z
we get
∞
f ( n ) ( z ) e z0
f ( z ) = ∑ a n ( z − z 0 ) where a n =
n
=
n =0 n! n!
Q2 1st method
(b) f ( n ) (0) e 0 1
(i) Here, z 0 = 0 and a n = = =
n! n! n!
Therefore
1 2 1 3
ez = 1+ z + z + z +L
2! 3!
2 3
z z
= 1+ z + + +L
2 3
2nd method
f ′′(0) 2
f ( z ) = f (0) + f ′(0) z + z +L
2!
e0 e0
e z = e 0 + (e 0 ) z + z 2 + z 3 + L
2! 3!
2 3
z z
= 1+ z + + +L
2 3
9
BSM 1913
2nd method
f " (a)
f ( z ) = f (a) + f ' (a)( z − a) + ( z − a) 2 + L
2!
1 1
e z = e 2 + e 2 ( z − 2) + e 2 ( z − 2) 2 + e 2 ( z − 2) 3 + L
2! 3!
2
e 1
= e 2 + e 2 ( z − 2) + ( z − 2) 2 + e 2 ( z − 2) 3 + L
2 6
Q2 1st method
(c) d d ⎡ ∞ (−1) n x n +1 ⎤ ∞ d ⎡ (−1) n x n +1 ⎤
[ln(1 + x)] = ⎢∑ ⎥=∑ ⎢ ⎥
dx dx ⎣ n =0 n + 1 ⎦ n =0 dx ⎣ n + 1 ⎦
∞
(−1) n (n + 1) x n +1−1
=∑
n =0 n +1
∞
= ∑ (−1) n x n = 1 − x + x 2 − x 3 + x 4 − x 5 + L
n =0
2nd method
d d ⎡ ∞ (−1) n x n +1 ⎤
[ln(1 + x)] = ⎢∑ ⎥
dx dx ⎣ n =0 n + 1 ⎦
d ⎡ x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 ⎤
= ⎢ x − + − + − + L⎥
dx ⎣ 2 3 4 5 6 ⎦
= 1 − x + x2 − x3 + x4 − x5 + L
1st method
∞
(−1) n x n +1 ∞
(−1) n x n +1
∫ ln(1 + x)dx = ∫ ∑ n =0 n +1
dx = ∑ ∫
n =0 n +1
dx
∞
(−1) n x n + 2 x2 x3 x4 x5
=∑ = − + − +L
n = 0 ( n + 2)( n + 1) 2 6 12 20
2nd method
∞
(−1) n x n +1
∫ ln(1 + x)dx = ∫ ∑ n =0 n +1
dx
⎡ x2 x3 x4 ⎤
= ∫ ⎢x − + − + L⎥ dx
⎣ 2 3 4 ⎦
2 3 4 5
x x x x
= − + − +L
2 6 12 20
10
BSM 1913
x →∞ x →∞ 1 ( x 2 + 4 x + x)
x 2 + 4x − x 2
= lim
x →∞
x 2 + 4x + x
4x
= lim x
x →∞
x + 4x x
2
+
x2 x
4
= lim =2
x →∞
1+ 4 / x +1
Q3 3x
(a) lim 3 xe − 2 x = lim
x →∞ x →∞ e 2 x
(ii) 3
= lim 2 x
x → ∞ 2e
=0
Q3
x2 − 4 2x
(a) lim 2− x
= lim 2− x
(iii)
x→2 e − 1 x→2 − e
= −4
Q3
(b) i) f (0) = 3
x2 − 9 ( x − 3)( x + 3)
ii ) lim = 3 or lim =3
x →0 − x−3 x →0 − x−3
sin x sin x
lim + 2 = lim + lim 2 = 3
x →0 + x x →0 + x x →0+
lim f ( x) = lim f ( x)
x →0− x →0 +
∴ lim f ( x) = 3
x →0
11
BSM 1913
2
dy dy dt 2t (1 − t 2 ) 2 (1 − t 2 ) 2 ⎛ 1− t2 ⎞
= =− =− = −⎜ 2 ⎟
dx dt dx (1 + t 2 )2 2t (1 + t 2 ) 2 ⎝ 1+ t ⎠
dy 9
=−
dx t = 2 25
Q4 p = π r + 2r + 2 L
(b)
Q4 A = 12 π r 2 + 2 Lr
(b)
= 12 π r 2 + r ( p − π r − 2r )
(ii)
p = 12
A = 12 π r 2 + 12r − π r 2 − 2r 2
= 12r − 12 π r 2 − 2r 2 = 12r − ( 12 π + 2)r 2
dA
= 12 − 2( 12 π + 2)r
dr
When A is maximum,
dA
=0
dr
12 − 2( 12 π + 2)r = 0
12
r=
π +4
d2A 12
= −2( 12 π + 2) < 0 , hence A is maximum when r = .
dr 2
π +4
Q4 1
f ( x) = 2
(c) x −4
when x = 0, f ( x) = − 14
y − intersection: (0, − 14 )
lim f ( x) = ∞ ; lim f ( x) = −∞
x → −2 − x → −2 + x2 − 4 = 0
or
lim f ( x) = −∞ ; lim f ( x) = ∞ x = ±2
x →2− x →2+
∴ x = ±2 is the vertical asymptote.
lim f ( x ) = 0
x →±∞
12
BSM 1913
2x
f ′( x) = −
( x − 4) 2
2
f ' ( x) = 0
x=0
2(4) 1
f ′′(0) = =− <0
(−4) 3
8
∴ (0, − 4 ) is the maximum point.
1
0
x
-2 2
(0, -1/4)
x = -2 x=2
13
BSM 1913
3
⎡ e − 4u e − 4u e − 4u ⎤
= ⎢(3 − u ) 2 − (−6 + 2u ) + (2) ⎥
⎣ −4 16 − 64 ⎦ 0
⎧⎡ e −12 ⎤ ⎡ 9 6 2 ⎤⎫
= ⎨ ⎢0 − 0 − ⎥−⎢ + − ⎥⎬
⎩⎣ 32 ⎦ ⎣ − 4 16 64 ⎦ ⎭
61 e −12
= − ≈ 1.9062
32 32
Q5 π /2
dx
(b) ∫0 3 + 5 cos x
2dt
=∫ 1+ t2
⎛1− t 2 ⎞
3 + 5 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝1+ t
2
⎠
2
=∫ dt
3(1 + t ) + 5(1 − t 2 )
2
2
=∫ dt
8 − 2t 2
1
=∫ dt
4 −t2
1
=∫ dt
(2 − t )(2 + t )
1
use partial fraction : A = B =
4 1 1
1 ⎡ 1 1 ⎤
= ∫
4 1 − ( 2t ) 2
dt
= ∫ ⎢ +
4 ⎣ 2 − t 2 + t ⎥⎦
dt
u= t
; 2du = dt
2
= [− ln | 2 − t | + ln | 2 + t | ]
1 1 1
4 = ∫
4 1− u2
2du
π /2
1⎡ x x ⎤ 1⎡ ⎛ tan 2x ⎞⎤
π /2
= ⎢− ln 2 − tan + ln 2 + tan ⎥ = ⎢ tanh −1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎥
4⎣ 2 2 ⎦0 2⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦ 0
1
= ln 3 ≈ 0.275 = 0.275
4
14
BSM 1913
x
Let u =
5
du 1
= ⇒ dx = 5du
dx 5
1 2 1
= ∫
5 0 1+ u2
5 du
2
5 ⎡ −1 x ⎤
=
5 ⎢⎣ ⎥
tan
5⎦0
5
= [0.7297 − 0] = 0.3263
5
dx dx
∫x =∫
Q5
(c) 9 − 16 x 2 ⎛ 16 x 2 ⎞
x 9⎜⎜1 − ⎟
9 ⎟⎠
(ii)
⎝
dx
=∫
16 x 2
x 9 1−
9
dx
=∫
2
⎛4 ⎞
3x 1 − ⎜ x ⎟
⎝3 ⎠
4 3
Let u = x ⇔ x= u
3 4
du 4 3
= ⇒ dx = du
dx 3 4
1 1 3
= ∫
3 ⎛3 ⎞ 2 4
du
⎜ u⎟ 1− u
⎝4 ⎠
1 4
= − sech −1 x + C
3 3
15
BSM 1913
a n +1 3 n +1 (n + 1) ! n n
ρ = lim = lim .
n →∞ a
n
n→∞ (n + 1) n +1 3 n n!
3 n 3 (n + 1)n! n n 3n n
= lim ⋅ = lim
n →∞ (n + 1) n (n + 1) 3 n n! n →∞ ( n + 1) n
n
⎛ n ⎞
= 3 lim ⎜ ⎟
n →∞
⎝ n + 1⎠
3
use L Hopital ' s rule =
e
3
Qρ = > 1 , so the given series is divergent
e
Q6 ∞
1
(b) ∑4
n =0
n
( x − 1) 2 n +1
a n +1 ( x − 1) 2 ( n +1) +1 4n
ρ = lim = lim ⋅
n →∞ an n→∞ 4 n +1 ( x − 1) 2 n +1
( x − 1) 2 n +1 ( x − 1) 2 4n
= lim ⋅
n →∞ 4n4 ( x − 1) 2 n +1
1 1
= lim ( x − 1) 2 = ( x − 1) 2
n →∞ 4 4
.
1
So the series converges for ( x − 1) 2 < 1 ⇔ | x − 1 | < 4
4
∞
1
For x = 3 : ∑4
n =0
n
(3 − 1) 2 n +1
∞
1 23 25
=∑ n
( 2) 2 n +1
= 2 + + + L = 2 + 2 + 2 + L.
n =0 4 4 4
The series diverges.
16