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*Schizophrenia
- Abnormal changes
in the thalamus
- Difficulties in
filtering stimuli
and focusing
attention
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
Involved in:
Hypothalamus - The endocrine system *Narcolepsy
- The autonomic nervous sytem - A person falls
- Survival behavio: fighting, asleep often an at
feeding, fleeing, and mating unpredictable
- Consciousness times
- Emotions, pleasure, pain, and
stress reactions
Midbrain Superior colliculi - Involved in vision
- Helps control (especially visual reflexes)
eye movement and Inferior colliculi - Involved in hearing
coordination Reticular Activating Important in controlling:
- Newer addition System - Consciousness (sleep arousal)
to the brain in - Extends to the - Attention
evolutionary hindbrain - Cardiorespiratory function
terms - Movement
- Second to Gray matter, red nucleus, - Important in controlling
develop substantia nigra, and movement
prenatally ventral region
Hindbrain Medulla Oblongata - Cardiorespiratory function
- Oldest and most - Nerves cross here from (heart activity and
primitive part one side of the body breathing)
of the brain to opposite side of - Digestion
- First part of the brain - Swallowing
the brain to - An elongated interior - Helps keep us alive
develop structure located at
prenatally the point at which the
spinal cord enters the
skull and joins with
the brain
- Contains part of the
RAS
Pons Involved in:
- Bridge - Consciousness
- Contains part of the - Facial nerves
RAS - Bridging neural transmissions
from one part of the brain to
the other
Cerebellum - Bodily coordination, balance,
- Little brain and muscle tone
- Some aspects of memory
involving procedure-related
movements
Brain Death
- Based on the function of the brainstem
- Various reflexes of the brain are absent for more than 12 hours
- Brain shows no electrical activity or cerebral circulation of blood
Cerebral Hemispheres
Left Hemisphere Right Hemisphere
- Language - Spatial-visualization ability
- Movement - Spatial-orientation tasks
- Finding patterns - Semantic knowledge
- Processes information analytically (piece - Practical language use
by piece, usually in a sequence) - Self-recognition
- Comprehension
- Processes information holistically
Neurotransmitter Function
Acetylcholine - Memory functions
- Sleep and arousal
Dopamine - Attention
- Learning
- Movement coordination
- Motivational processes