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DRYER DESIGN PROJECT - A TOOL TO TEACH DRYING

AND DESIGN TO UNDERGRADUATES
a a
Arun S. Mujumdar & M. L. Passos
a
Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montreal, Canada
Published online: 25 Apr 2007.

To cite this article: Arun S. Mujumdar & M. L. Passos (1988) DRYER DESIGN PROJECT - A TOOL TO TEACH DRYING AND DESIGN
TO UNDERGRADUATES, Drying Technology: An International Journal, 6:2, 275-290, DOI: 10.1080/07373938808916376

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373938808916376

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 DRYING TECHNOLOGY, 6(2), 275-290 (1988)

TECHNICAL NOTE

DRYER DESIGN PROJECT - A TOOL TO TEACH DRYING AND

DESIGN TO UNDERGRADUATES

ArUn S. Mujumdar and M. L. Passos

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Department of Chemical Engineering

McGill University
Montreal, Canada

class size: flow charts: groups; unit operation.

A summary is presented of a long teaching experiment to

incorporate principles of process design in a chemical
engineering science course. Students are assigned real world
dryer design problems following a series of lectures clarifying
the basic terminology, psychrometry and principles of drying.
Selected references relevant to specific dryer design problems
are also provided. The instructor and teaching assistants act as
consultants to the design groups consisting of up to six
students. This paper will refer to authors' recent experiences
with this assignment using design of spouted bed dryers for
grains as illustration.

Copyright @ 1988 by Marcel Dekker. Inc

 2 76 MUJUMDAR AND PASSOS

I - ------------
INTRODUCTION

Drying of s o l i d s i s a key u n i t o p e r a t i o n covered a s p a r t of

a f o u r - c r e d i t c o u r s e t i t l e d "Mass T r a n s f e r " . About t w e l v e y e a r s

ago o n e of t h e a u t h o r s (A. S. M.) i n i t i a t e d teaching drying of
s o l i d s a s w e l l a s t h e b 3 s i c s of process design v i a a unique
assignment viz. a dryer design project.
Depending upon t h e number o f u n d e r g r a d u a t e s t u d e n t s e a c h
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y e a r up t o s i x t e e n d i f f e r e n t p r o j e c t s have been a s s i g n e d i n any

p a r t i c u l a r y e a r . The d e s i g n i s c a r r i e d o u t by groups of up t o s i x
( b u t commonly f o u r ) s t u d e n t s w i t h t e a c h i n g a s s i s t a n t s , research
s t u d e n t s a s w e l l a s t h e i n s t r u c t o r a c t i n g a s c o n s u l t a n t s . Each
group is provided w i t h a problem s t a t e m e n t w i t h c o n s i d e r a b l e
f l e x i b i l i t y i n c h o i c e of o p e r a t i n g parameters. Up t o t h r e e
relevant references (and o f t e n m a n u f a c t u r e r s ' b r o c h u r e s ) a r e
provided to each group. In addition, several relevant
p u b l i c a t i o n s and l i t e r a t u r e c i t a t i o n s a r e c o l l e c t e d i n s e p a r a t e
f o l d e r s a n d p l a c e d i n t h e l i b r a r y w h e r e t h e y c a n b e u s e d by t h e
d e s i g n groups f o r r e f e r e n c e only. Typical t i m e allowed f o r
c o m p l e t i o n o f t h e d e s i g n r e p o r t i s a b o u t o n e month. I n some
y e a r s o r a l p r e s e n t a t i o n and d e f e n s e o f t h e d e s i g n was a l s o
required and used in the t o t a l e v a l u a t i o n scheme. Student
r e s p o n s e t o t h i s assignment is o b t a i n e d s e p a r a t e l y . U s e of

p e r s o n a l computers t o c o m p u t e r i z e t h e proposed d e s i g n p r o c e d u r e s
is s t r o n g l y encouraged.

I1 - TYPICAL DRYER DESIGN PROJECTS

.............................
The f o l l o w i n g l i s t i s not complete b u t represents the
v a r i e t y o f a s s i g n m e n t s g i v e n o v e r t h e p a s t few y e a r s . I n a few

cases t h e problems were based on i n f o r m a t i o n s u p p l i e d by d r y e r

 DRYER D E S I G N PROJECT 277

manufacturers. In most cases the problems were hypothetical and

based on information available in the open literature.
1 - Dryer for newsprint using the Papridryer Process
(Combined impingement and through drying);
2 - Fluidized bed drying of potassium chloride;
3 - Flash dryer for tobacco leaves;

4 - Vibrated fluid-bed dryer for yeast:

5 - spray dryer for skim milk;

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6 - Rotary dryer for salt:

7 - Superheated steam drying of newsprint;
8 - Yankee dryer for tissue paper;
9 - Solar dryer for grains, fruit leathers, etc;
10 - Spouted bed dryer for grains;
11 - Modified spouted bed dryers for grains: etc.

Papers presented at the biennial International Drying

Symposium and published in the well-known "Drying" series are
found to be useful in devising new design projects. References
[I], [ 2 ] and [ 3 ] give useful general reviews and literature

citations which can be used to modify or develop new spouted bed

design problems including modified spouted beds. In Ref. ( 4 1 ,
instructors of courses in separation processes, mass transfer,
unit operations, process design etc. can find the extensive
literature citations particularly useful in developing their own
design projects.
Here we will present as illustrations the problem statements
supplied for spouted bed dryer designs. Also, a brief summary is
presented on the results obtained and the learning experience
gained by of the students.
 MUJUMDAR AND PASSOS

111 - SPOUTED BED DESIGNS

-------------------
Basically the spouted bed dryer projects can be divided into
two categories of design:
i) projects to analyze the grain drying performance of a
modified spouted bed dryers such as:
- a conical spouted bed dryer with and without draft tube:
- a spouted bed dryer with draft tube:
-
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a spout-fluid bed dryer with additional heater supply

(steam/water jacket).
Comparison with the equivalent conventional spouted bed
(cylindrical-conical geometry) dryer is often required.
ii) projects involving development of a more general computer
program to simulate the grain drying process in a conventional
spouted bed dryer (or in a spout-fluid bed dryer) for
optimization of the geometric and process parameters.
Two typical problem statements are presented below to
illustrate these two categories of design problems assigned.

PROBLEM #I

A MODIFIED SWUTED BED DRYER FOR DRYING RICE

Design a spouted bed dryer with draft-tube for the following

conditions:
Material rice
Throughput rate 2,000 kg/hr (wet basis)
Initial moisture content 15-25% (wet basis)
Final moisture content 12-14% (wet basis)
Mean particle diameter 4 . 0 mm

Particle density
spherecity
Bed porosity
Maximum grain temperature
(without thermal damage)
 DRYER D E S I G N PROJECT

Your design specification must include:

Column diameter
Bed height
Dryer height
Draft-tube diameter
Distance between the lowest region of the draft-tube and
the inlet air nozzle
Cone angle
Inlet air nozzle
Feed and discharge ducting
Pressure drop and fan HP required
. Ancillary equipment.
Compare your design with the conventional spouted bed dryer
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(see Appendix attached). Give your comments and recommendations.

State cleary all assumptions in your design.
Attach a copy of your computer program and a detailed sample
calculation as an Appendix.
Analyze your design by calculating the effects of the key
operating variables on the dryer performance e.g. changes in feed
rate, feed moisture, air temperature, air flow rate, etc. Show
your results graphically and comment on them.
References [I], [5] and [ 6 1
----------
Compare your design with the following industrial spouted
bed dryer [7]:
1. General data
Material rice
Throughput rate 1,600 kg/hr (wet product)
Initial moisture 21% wet basis
Final moisture 13% wet basis
2 . Specification of the dryer system:
a) Spouted bed dryer - two identical columns in series
Bed diameter 0.75 m
Inlet air nozzle diameter 0.125 m
Cone angle 60 '
Dryer height 1.70 m
Air flow rate (per column) 0.45 m3 /s
Mean residence time of grain 15 minutes (each column)
Inlet air temperatur 205 ' C
Final grain temperature 55 .C
Blower power (60% efficiency) 12 HP
Moisture content reduction 7% wet basis
b) Moving bed cooler - one unit (solids rate: 1,500 kg/hr
wet basis)
Bed diameter
Bed height
 MUJUMDAR A N D PASSOS

Air flow rate 0.23 m3 /s

Final grain temperature 35 .C
Blower power less than 0.5 HP
Moisture content reduction 1% wet basis
You are not required to design the cooling column.
3 - Energy Consumption
for heating air 4 . 6 ~ 1 0 ~kJ/hr
for evaporating water kJ/hr
Total harvested rice
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PROBLEM $2
CONVENTIONAL SWUTED BED DRYER FOR DRYING GRAINS
(Development of software for simulation and optimization
using a personal computer )

Develop a computer program for the design and simulation of

the grain drying process in a conventional spouted bed system.
The input parameters are:
1 . tvoe of m a i n
2 . t%oughp& rate
3 . initial and final moisture contents lif available)
4 . air ambient conditions
The output parameters (optimal variables) should be:
1 .
dryer dimensions: bed diameter, bed height, dryer
height, cone angle: inlet air nozzle diameter, feed and discharge
ducting
2 .
number of units and configuration design (column in
series or parallel)
3 .
air flow rate (per column)
4 .
mean residence time of grain (per column)
5 .
inlet air temperature
6 .
outlet grain temperature
7 .
blower power requirements
8 .
moisture content reduction ( per column)
9 .
energy consumption (total, for heating the air, for
evaporating the water) and thermal efficiency
10 .
operational costs.
The program should include a library for the thermpphysical
properties of common grains (e.9. wheat, rice, soybean, etc). see
ref. 8 and 9.
State clearly all assumptions made in your design procedure.
 DRYER DESIGN PROJECT 281.

Using your program, present results for a specific design

problem of your choice. Analyze this design by calculating the
effects of various input parameters on the dryer performance.
Display your results graphically and comment on them.
References [2], 181 and [9]
----------

1II.A - Development of the design project

.................................
Soon after each student group is assigned its project
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statement, two meetings are held with them. In the first meeting
a general review of the spouted bed operation is presented
including identification of:
- the aerodynamic parameters,
- the geometric limitations, and
- the drying conditions for grains.
In the second meeting the basic steps involved in the design
calculation are discussed. A summary is presented of relevant
references made available to each group. A general flowchart for
the grain drying process in the spouted-bed (see Figure 1) is
developed with active participation by the students.
After these two meetings, each group is generally able to
design a detailed flowchart for its specific problem. Each group
has access to the consultant at all times; the consultant is a
teaching assistant, a graduate student or the instructor.
However, the students are encouraged to use their own judgement
and acess critically their decisions in developing their design
strategies. The consultants are needed mainly to clarify any
ambiguities without interfering unduely in the creativity and
decisions of the group. Additional information may also supplied
depending upon the needs of the individual group (and sometimes
upon the project which often involves novel aspects not studied
before)
 .
I
- aINPUT DAT

CALCULATION OF BED VOLUME

CALCULATION OF THE NUMBER OF UNITS

MUJUMDAR AND PASSOS
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AND DIMENSIONS OF THE UNITS

*CHECK WITH
( GEOMETRIC LIMIT 's:
1 BED HEIGHT (Hmaximum)
1* DIAMETERS (COLUMN AND NOZZLE)

CALCULATION OF THE
AERODYNAMIC PARAMETERS
* CHECK WITH THE MINIMUM
SPOUTING VELOCITY

4
CALCULATION OF ENERGY
1 REQUIREMENTS
I (MASS/ENERGY BALANCES
PSYCHROMETRIC CORRELATIONS)
I
1 ( OPTIONAL STEP :COSTS)
I
Figure 1 - General Flowchart for design/simulation of a spouted
bed dryer
 DRYER DESIGN PROJECT 283

In this teaching process we cannot predict all situations or

establish standard rules. Sometimes due to the limited time, the
consultants participate more actively in the design process.
Students are invited to ask questions after they have read the
literature provided. Sometimes the students get so involved in
the project that discussion with them becomes very interesting
and instructive for both the consultants and the students.
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1II.B - Results

Here as illustration we present sample results obtained in

reference to the problem #2 stated earlier.
The software presented by the student group [lo] was very
well organized. It consists of a main program with three
subroutines. All the important steps are clearly stated within
the program as remarks. The program is easy to use. Some of
these remarks are compiled below [lo]. The detailed flowchart is
presented in Figure 2.
"This program is designed to be an introduction to
computer simulation of a spouted bed dryer. It is written
for easy modification by the user. The first portion of the
program consists of simple read and write statements which
are required for the input of relevant data by interacting
with the user. The input data consist of:
* type of grain to be dried
* the initial and final moisture contents
the temperature and the humidity of the
ambient air
* the feed rate of the grain.

The subroutine GFIND assigns to the grain being dried its

specific properties (density, diameter of the particle,
 284 MUJUMDAR AND PASSOS

INPUT DATA - TYPE OF GRAIN ?

- INITIAL AND FINAL MOISTURE
CONTENTS (DRY OR WET BASIS) ?
- TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY OF
AMBIENT AIR ?

..
- FEED RATE OF GRAIN ?
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SUBROUTINE GFIND: PROPERTIES OF THE GRAIN

- PARTICLE DENSITY
- PARTICLE DIAMETER
- SPHERICITY, POROSITY
- DIFFUSIVITY COEFFICIENT FOR MOISTURE
(a function of temperature/moisture content)
- HEAT CAPACITY
(a function of temperature/moisture content)
- HEAT OFWETTING (EVAPORATION+
DESORPTION)

SUBROUTINE VOLUME:
.
- EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE CONTENT

BED VOLUME REQUIRED

BECKER & SALLANS MODEL:

- HOLD UP OF GRAIN IN BED
- RESIDENCE TIME OF GRAIN IN BED

•
TOTAL VOLUME OF BED REQUIRED

~
SPECIFICATION OF NOZZLE AND BED DIAMETERS:
N = 1

+
<D
NUMBER OF UNITS = N
+
BED AND NOZZLE DIAMETERS STANTARD DUCT
6 < (BED DIAMETER/NOZZLE DIAMETER) < 10
NOZZLE DIAMETER < 25 DIAMETER OF PARTICLE

+
BED HEIGHT
t
®
 DRYER DESIGN PROJECT 285

®
~ yes
BED DIAMETER > 0.60 m • N N+l

~
no

1 1
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BED HEIGHT >

0.95 MAXIMUM SPOUTABLE:-.· HEIGHT yes
(maximum spoutable bed height based
on Malek & LU's and Morgan &
Littman's equations - see [2])

no 1
NUMBER OF UNITS
OUTPUT BED DIAMETER
NOZZLE DIAMETER
RESIDENCE TIME
DRYER HEIGHT (2.5 BED HEIGHT)

+
MINIMUM SPOUTING PRESSURE DROP
MINIMUM SPOUTING VELOCITY
( equations presented in (2])
...
SUBROUTINE ENERGY : ENERGY REQUIRED

FOR EACH UNIT:

AIR INLET TEMPERATURE
OUTPUT (calculated by Peterson's equation see (2])
AIR FLOW RATE AND OUTLET HUMIDITY
(calculated from energy /mass balances)

FOR THE SYSTEM:

THERMAL REQUIREMENT FOR:
EVAPORATING WATER
HEATING AIR + COSTS
BLOWER POWER + COSTS

Figure 2 - Detailed Flowchart for design problem #2 [10].

 2 86 HUJUHDAR AND PASSOS

sphericity, void f r a c t i o n , diffusivity, t h e maximum

a l l o w a b l e g r a i n t e m p e r a t u r e w i t h o u t t h e r m a l damage, e t c ) . I f
the user wants t o d r y a t a temperature lower t h a n t h e
maximum bed temperature (95% of the maximum grain
t e m p e r a t u r e w i t h o u t t h e r m a l damage) t h e n t h i s change h a s t o
be i n c o r p o r a t e d h e r e .
The s u b r o u t i n e VOLUME c a l c u l a t e s by a n i t e r a t i v e method t h e
dimensions of t h e spouted.bed(s) r e q u i r e d f o r t h e r a t e d
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drying'duty. T h i s i t e r a t i o n s p a n s a l l p o s s i b l e column
d i a m e t e r s , h e i g h t s o f column and i n l e t a i r n o z z l e d i a m e t e r s
w h i c h c a n u s e d t o o p e r a t e a s p o u t e d bed i n t h e s t a b l e
spouting regime. For a more d e t a i l e d e x p l a n a t i o n of the
e x a c t c a l c u l a t i o n procedure i n v o l v e d t h e u s e r is r e f e r r e d t o
s e c t i o n s e n t i t l e d "Sample c a l c u l a t i o n s " and " S t r a t e g y o f
design'' in ref. [lo].
The s u b r o u t i n e ENERGY c a l c u l a t e s t h e a i r f l o w r a t e p e r
d r y e r , t h e t o t a l amount o f a i r r e q u i r e d t o d r y t h e g r a i n ,
t h e a i r i n l e t temperature, t h e energy required t o h e a t t h e
a i r from t h e a m b i e n t t e m p e r a t u r e t o t h e d r y i n g i n l e t a i r
t e m p e r a t u r e a n d t h e o u t l e t a i r h u m i d i t y . The b l o w e r power
e s t i m a t e d i s f o r t h e s p o u t e d bed o n l y ; power r e q u i r e d f o r
i n l e t and e x i t d u c t i n g must be c a l c u l a t e d s e p a r a t e l y .
A s an i n d i c a t i o n of t h e t h e r m a l e f f i c i e n c y , r a t i o s of h e a t

r e q u i r e d f o r h e a t i n g t h e a i r t o t h e f e e d r a t e o f g r a i n and
t o amount o f water evaporated a r e calculated. Heat i n
e x h a u s t a i r is c o n s i d e r e d u n r e c o v e r a b l e economically.
The b l o w e r e f f i c i e n c y (EFF) ( a s s u m e d 60% i n t h i s c a s e ) a n d
t h e d r y e r e f f i c i e n c y (EFF1) (assumed 9 0 % ) can be changed.
The aerodynanic e q u a t i o n s used h e r e a r e based on i n f o r m a t i o n
p r e s e n t e d i n Reference [2]. "
 DRYER D E S I G N PROJECT 287

Somecorrections and improvements were made in the original

version of this program t0,accelerate the iterative convergence.
~ l s oa BASIC version of this program (originally in FORTRAN) was
developed for easy use in future designassignments. Improvements
to this program can be made by future design groups in regard to
the range of scale-up based on [ 3 ] , extension of the Becker and
Sallans model [ 8 ] for higher values of air humidity, etc.
A sample result of this design program for the drying of
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wheat in spouted bed is presented in the Appendix.

IV - WHAT THE STUDENTS LEARN FROM THIS EXPERIENCE

............................................
1 . Ability to seek, study and assimilate related published
literature in journals, textbooks, handbooks as well as technical
brochures of dryer manufacturers.
2 . Ability to locate and/or estimate thermophysical properties
not readily available in standard handbooks.
3 . Ability to interact effectively in a group environment
to meet a strict time schedule.
4 . Ability to identify problems and develop logical solution
strategy using available literature and engineering judgement
when no relevant information is available.
5 . Ability to develop flowcharts and computer program for design
and off-design analysis.
6 . Ability to present the finding in the form of a technical
report.
7 . Ability to integrate concepts learnt in various courses (e.g.
fluid mechanics, heat transfer, thermodynamics) while applying
basic principles of design and scale-up, etc.
8 . Ability to "analyze" the final design and study effects of
key process parameters on dryer performance.
 288 MUJUMDAR AND PASSOS

Although not required, on occasion several groups attempted

detailed mechanical design, cont.ro1 strategy as well as cost
analysis of the dryer and its ancillaries. When possible
comparison with published data is recommended.
On the negative side, the time required to complete the
assignment often exceeds initial estimates. The assignment is
highly staff-intensive. Aside from the time required to
continually develop new projects and update or modify earlier
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ones, most groups require extensive and continual supervision and

guidance since they start the design project immediately after
their first exposure to the basic concepts of psychrometry and
drying. Students often underestimate the time and effort
required. Work in teams is not always effective. Since the design
problem is quite "open" and is a far cry from the typical
textbook exercise problems, many students find it discouraging to
"formulate" the problem to be solved. Some are disheartened to
see that there are no ready-made equations in which to plug in
numbers. Assumptions to be made are not spelled out explicitly.
The students are expected to justify any assumptions they make.
They are not, however, penalized for making unreasonable
assumptions as long as they show evidence of some logical
thinking leading to them. Oyerall, both students and consultants
are satisfied with the learning value of the exercise.

V - REFERENCES
1. Mathur, K. 8. and Epstein, N., Spouted Beds, Academic Press,

N.Y., 1974.
2. Passos, M. L., A. S. Mujumdar and Raghavan, G. V. S., Spouted
Beds for Drying -Principles and Design Configurations,
Advances in Drying, ed. A. S. Mujumdar, vol. 4, p 359-397,
------------------
Hemisphere, New York, 1987.
 DRYER D E S I G N PROJECT 289

3. P a l l a i , E., N e m e t h , J. A. a n d M u j u m d a r , A. S . , S p o u t e d Bed
D r y i n g i n Handbook o f I n d u s t r i a l Drying, ed. A. S. Mujumdar,
.............................
Marcel Dekker, New York, 1987.
4. Mujumdar, Arun S., Handbook o f I n d u s t r i a l Drying, ed., Marcel
.............................
Dekker, N e w York, 1987, 940 pp.

5. B a r r o s o , M. A. S. a n d M a s s a r a n i , G., G r a i n D r y i n g i n Non-
c o n v e n t i o n a l S p o u t e d Bed, X I 1 ENEMP, Maringa ( B r a z i l ) , 1984.

6. Khoe, G.K. a n d Van B r a k e l , J . , D r y i n g C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f a

D r a f t - t u b e S p o u t e d Bed, Can. J. Chem. Eng., v o l . 6 1 , J u n e ,
1983.
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7. C a n e s i n , J. M. a n d M a s s a r a n i , G., D r y i n g R i c e i n S p o u t e d Bed
11, i n S e c a g e m d e P r o d u t o s A g r i c o l a s , e d . G. M a s s a r a n i ,
..............................
COPPE/UFRJ, Rio d e J a n e i r o , 1984.

8. B e c k e r , H. A. a n d S a l l a n s , H. R., D r y i n g w h e a t i n a S p o u t e d
Bed, Chem. Eng. S c i . , v o l . 1 3 , 3 , 9 7 , 1 9 6 0 .

9. Brooker, D. B., Bakker-Arkema, F. and Hall, C. W., Drying

C e r e a l G r a i n s , A V I Pub. Comp. I n c . , Westport, 1978.

1 0 . A b b a n d o n a t , T., C u p r y k , M . , G e r b a s i , B., M a g n e s s , M., R o s s i ,

D., S a i t t a , A. 302-312 B D e s i g n R e p o r t , M c G i l l U n i v e r s i t y ,
M o n t r e a l , 1986.

APPENDIX

........................................................
@ @
@ SPOUTED BED DRYER DESIGN SIMULATION @
@
@ -
302-3128 MASS TRANSFER
@
@ PROF. A.
@
@ CONSULTANT: M. L. PASSOS
@
@ GROUP MEMBERS: TONY ABBANDONATO
@ MARK CUPRYK
@ BRUNO GERBASI
@ MARC MAGNESS
@ DAVID ROSS1
@ ANTONIO SAITTA
@
@ APRIL, 1986 @
........................................................
 MUJUMDAR AND PASSOS

SPOUTED BED DRYER DESIGN SIMULATOR

..................................
GRAIN: WHEAT
INPUT DATA FOR SPOUTED BED DRYER DESIGN

GRAIN FEED RATE : . 1000.0

INITIAL MOISTURE CONTENT
FINAL MOISTURE CONTENT
INLET AIR TEMPERATURE
INLET AIR HUMIDITY
Downloaded by [Purdue University] at 23:43 18 January 2015
: 0.220
: 0.160
: 20.0
0.009

OUTPUT DATA FOR SPOUTED BED DRYER DESIGN

........................................
AIR FLOW RATE PER DRYER : 748
TOTAL AIR FLOW RATE : 1497
INLET AIR TEMPERATURE : 207.0
OUTLET AIR HUMIDITY : 0.042
MEAN RESIDENCE TIME : 28.2
FINAL GRAIN TEMPERATURE : 59.5
BLOWER POWER 6 0 % EFF. : 17

SPOUTED BED DIMENSIONS

......................
# OF DRYERS IN PARALELL : 2
BED . DIAMETER 0.435
INLET AIR NOZZLE DIAMETER : 0.050
GRAIN BED HEIGHT 2.4
DRYER HEIGHT 6.0
BED CONE ANGLE 60

THERMAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DRYING

FOR EVAPORATING MOISTURE : 203722

FOR HEATING THE AIR : 286224
HEAT/KG WATER EVAPORATED : 5820