The wellbore friction, torque and drag, between drill string and the wellbore wall is one of the

most
critical issues which limits the drilling industry to go beyond a certain measured depth. For this reason
many studies on torque $ drag modeling have been performed. In this regard different approaches have
been used; the difference in these approaches is often on how to include bending stiffness and shearing
forces in the T&D calculations. These approaches are (1) the effect of shear forces calculations with the
assumption of continuous contact of the wellbore wall and the drillstring as well as constant curvature
trajectory, (2) the effect of bending stiffness and shearing forces calculations with assuming of clearance
between drillstring anfd wellbore-wall and (3) the effect of bending moment and shearing forces,
assuming continuous contact of the pipe and wellbore – wall and using a non- cobnstant curvature
trajectory in which the first and second derivatives of the curve exist