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R1600 LHD
WHEEL STEERING
SYSTEM MODULE
FORM NO. 9EP1043-00
FOR USE IN SERVICE TRAINING GUIDE:-
CEPL R1600 LHD - JANUARY 1998
Page 1
Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
List of Contents
Caterpillar Elphinstone R1600 LHD
List of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 2
Important Safety Notice ............................................................................................................................. 3
R1600 Steering System Overview ............................................................................................................. 4
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 5
Block Diagram ............................................................................................................................................ 6
Component Location .................................................................................................................................. 7
Pilot System Components .......................................................................................................................... 8
Hand Metering Unit .................................................................................................................................. 11
Neutraliser Valves .................................................................................................................................... 12
Main Steering System Components ........................................................................................................ 13
Steering Control Valve (In Hold or Neutral Position) ................................................................................ 14
Steering Control Valve (In Right Turn Position) ........................................................................................ 15
Relief Valve Section of Steering Control Valve (With Relief Valve Open) ................................................. 16
Steering System (Hold) ............................................................................................................................ 17
Steering System ( Gradual Right Turn) .................................................................................................... 19
Steering System (Full Right Turn) ............................................................................................................ 20
Secondary Steering Components ............................................................................................................ 21
Secondary Steering Operation (engine running and primary pump flow adequate) ................................ 22
Secondary Steering Operation (Primary Pump Failure or Engine Off) .................................................... 23
Adjusting Main Relief Valve (Practical Task) ............................................................................................ 24
Theory Assessment ................................................................................................................................. 25
Theory Assessment-Answers .................................................................................................................. 27
Serviceman’s Handouts .................................................................................................................... 28 - 34
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
Module Description
Aims:
The aim of this training module is to provide participants with the operational knowledge and diagnostic skills necessary to
troubleshoot the R1600 Wheel Steering System.
Nominal Duration:
The module is designed so that most of the trainees will acquire the knowledge in one 4 hour session. The length of the
time actually taken to complete the module will vary depending on factors such as the teaching method used, the trainee’s
knowledge and skills at entry, and the individual trainee’s ability.
Pre-Requisites:
Mechanical tradesman - should have completed Basic Hydraulic Training Program (preferred but not essential).
Learning Outcomes:
As a result of studying this module, participants should be able to:
1. Demonstrate an understanding of the function and operation of the wheel steering system and its components.
2. Use and understand the wheel steering system schematic.
3. Trace the oil flow through the wheel steering system during all modes of operation.
4. Apply this operational knowledge to troubleshoot a series of wheel steering system problems.
5. Use the Service Manual and Parts Book to assist with troubleshooting.
Assessment:
Tasks:
Part A: Practical Task
Part B: Theory Assessment (Multiple Choice Questions)
Resource Requirements:
• R1600 LHD loader
• Fully equipped classroom with white board and overhead projector.
• Training Module and handout material.
• Hydraulic pressure gauges.
• Service Manual.
• Parts Book.
• Tools for practical tasks.
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
Introduction
• Schematic colour code: The colour codes for hydraulic oil used throughout this presentation are
as follows:
Red - System or High pressure Oil.
Red and White Stripes - Reduced pressure.
Orange - Pilot Pressure.
Blue - Blocked or Trapped.
Green - Tank or Return Oil.
• Testing & Adjusting
procedures: NOTE: Always follow the procedures in the Service Manual when
testing and/or adjusting the machine.
• Serviceman’s Handouts:
Give each trainee a copy of the relevant serviceman’s handouts,
supplied with this training module.
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
SELECTOR
PRESSURE CONTROL
VALVE
HAND METERING
UNIT
NEUTRALIZER NEUTRALIZER
VALVE VALVE
PRESSURE
REDUCING
VALVE
TO BRAKE
SYSTEM
STEERING
PUMP CONTROL VALVE
PILOT
CYLINDERS
PUMP
TANK
Block Diagram
• Pilot system consists of: This block diagram of the R1600 system shows the components and
- Pilot pump oil flow. The steering pilot circuit consists of the pilot pump, pressure
- Pressure reducing valve reducing valve, selector and pressure control valve, hand metering unit
- Selector valve and two neutraliser valves. When the steering wheel on the hand
- Hand metering unit metering unit is moved to the left or right, pilot oil (orange) is sent
- Two neutraliser valves through the respective neutraliser valve to the directional control valve
in the main steering control valve. The pilot oil moves the directional
control valve and allows steering pump oil to flow to the cylinders.
• Main system consist of: The main steering circuit consists of the steering pump, the steering
-Steering pump control valve and the steering cylinders. The steering pump draws oil
- Control valve (green) from the tank and sends oil flow (red) to the steering control
- Steering cylinders valve.
• Steering control valve The steering control valve houses the system relief valve and directional
contains system relief and control spool. In the HOLD position, the oil (blue) to the steering
directional control spool. cylinders is blocked.
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
5 7 4 2 1 6 9
8 10 3
Component Location
• Steering system components: The steering hydraulic system is made up of two basic circuits, the pilot
(1) Pilot pump circuit and the main steering circuit.
(2) Pressure reducing valve
(3) Selector & pressure When the machine is equipped with the optional secondary steering
control valve attachments or the reversible steering attachments, the steering system
(4) Hand metering unit also includes these additional circuits.
(5) Neutralisers
(6) Steering pump The main components of the pilot circuit are the pilot pump (1),
(7) Main control valve pressure reducing valve (2), selector and pressure control valve (3),
(8) Steering cylinder hand metering unit (4), hydraulic tank (10), oil filters
(9) Oil cooler (contained inside the tank) and neutralisers (5).
(10) Hydraulic tank
The primary components of the main steering circuit are the hydraulic
tank (10), oil filters (contained inside the tank), steering pump (6),
steering control valve (7), oil cooler (9) and steering cylinders (8).
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
1
1. Brake and pilot pump. 2. Pressure reducing valve.
3 4
4. Hydraulic tank.
3. Selector and pressure control valve. 5. Breaker relief valve.
4
• The brake and pilot pump is The brake and pilot pump (1) is part of the three-section vane-type
part of the three-section pump mounted on the torque converter housing. The brake and pilot
vane-type pump pump supplies oil to the emergency/parking brake circuit, service
brake circuit, implement pilot circuit and steering pilot circuit. The
• The brake and pilot pump centre section of the pump supplies oil to the steering system. The
supplies oil to: forward section of the pump supplies oil to the implement hydraulic
- Implement pilot circuit system.
- Parking brake circuit
- Service brake circuit Oil flows from pump (1) to the pilot pressure reducing valve (2). The
- Steering pilot circuit pressure reducing valve (2) maintains a constant pressure in the pilot oil
circuit.
• Pump oil flows from the pump, Oil flows from pressure reducing valve (2) to selector and pressure
through the pressure reducing control valve (3). The selector and pressure control valve (3) blocks the
valve to the pilot control valve flow of alternate pilot oil into the steering system.
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
• The selector and pressure But if the pilot pump fails, or oil is not available, then selector and
control valve will supply pressure control valve (3) will allow alternate pilot oil to flow into the
alternate oil to the pilot steering system from either the lift cylinders or from the steering control
circuit valve.
The hydraulic tank (4) is located on the right hand side of the machine
• The hydraulic tank with filters and supplies oil to the brake and pilot pump and steering pump. The
mounted inside tank hydraulic return filters are mounted inside the tank. There is a bypass
valve for the filter elements. Whenever the restriction is too high, the
bypass valve will open. The breaker relief valve (5) is used to prevent
both excessive pressure and a vacuum in the tank.
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
HAND
METERING
UNIT
1
2
4
3. Neutraliser valve. 4. Striker.
5
• The hand metering unit sends The steering wheel assembly (1) is connected to the hand metering unit
pilot oil to the steering (2), which is mounted to the cab wall behind the steering wheel. The
control valve to turn the hand metering unit (2) sends pilot oil to move the directional spool in the
machine left or right steering control valve to turn the machine left or right.
• At the end of a turn the striker The two neutraliser valves (3) are mounted on the rear frame. Each
moves neutraliser valve spool neutraliser valve has an adjustable striker (4) mounted on the front
stopping oil flow to the frame. When the machine makes a maximum turn (either left or right),
control valve the respective striker will contact the neutraliser valve at the end of the
turn. The striker moves the neutraliser valve spool and blocks oil flow
• Centering spring centres the to the directional control valve in the steering control valve.
control valve, and the With the oil flow stopped, the directional control valve centering spring
machine stops turning centres the valve and stops the machine from turning before the
machine turns against the frame stops.
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
1 2
6
4 5
?
6
• Hand Metering Unit (HMU) The hand metering unit (HMU) has two main sections: control section
(1) Tank port (A), and pump or metering section (B). These two sections work
(2) Pressure port together to send pilot oil to the steering control valve. The steering
(3) Spool wheel is connected to spool (3) by a shaft assembly and splines.
(4) Left turn port
(5) Right turn port Oil from the steering pump flows through inlet (2) into the control
(6) Metering section gear section (A) of the HMU. When the steering wheel is turned, the control
(A) Control Section section sends oil to the metering section (B). From the metering
(B) Metering Section section, the oil flows back to the control section. The control section
then directs the oil out either port (4) or (5) to the steering control valve.
• The control section directs
the pilot oil flow to either the The metering section is a small hydraulic pump. It controls (meters) the
left or right turn circuit when pilot oil that goes to the steering control valve. As the steering wheel is
the steering wheel is turned turned faster, there is an increase in the flow of pilot oil to the steering
• The metering section control valve. This increased flow causes the main valve spool to move
determines the amount of further. As the spool moves further, more oil can flow from the steering
pilot oil flow from the HMU pump to the steering cylinders, and a faster turn is made.
• More pilot oil flow from the
HMU results in a faster turn
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
TO TANK
MAXIMUM TURN
TO FROM
VALVE SPOOL CENTER PASSAGE STEERING STIC PILOT
CONTROL CONTROL VALVE
VALVE
ORIFICE SPRING
TO TANK
Neutraliser Valves
During less than maximum articulation, oil from the hand metering unit
flows through the neutraliser valve to the steering control valve.
• Striker moves neutraliser When the striker moves the neutraliser valve spool, oil flow to the
valve spool steering control valve is blocked. Pilot oil at the steering valve flows
back through the orifice of the centre passage in the spool valve to
• Pilot oil to drain drain. The centering spring in the steering valve, centres the directional
spool in the steering valve and stops the machine from turning.
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
1
1. Steering pump. 2. Control valve.
4
5
4. Steering cylinder. 5. Oil cooler.
8
• The main steering pump is The main steering pump (1) is part of the three-section vane-type pump
part of the three-section mounted on the torque converter housing. The main steering pump is
vane-type pump the middle section and supplies oil to the steering control valve.
• The steering control valve Steering control valve (2) is located in the rear frame, immediately to the
houses the system relief, rear of the articulation hitch. The steering control valve houses the
directional control, line relief system relief valve, directional control valve, line relief and make up
and make-up valves valves. The steering control valve sends oil to the steering cylinders.
• The oil cooler is hinge The oil cooler (5) is hinge mounted on the outside of the radiator and
mounted on the rear of the can be swung out for servicing. Access is gained by opening the guard
radiator at the rear of the machine. The oil cooler is air cooled by the engine fan
and cools the steering return oil.
• Cycle times for steering left or The double acting differential steering cylinders (4) are located at the
right are the same lower articulated hitch area of the machine. The cycle times for
steering left or right are the same.
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
FROM
STEERING
PUMP
FROM
H.M.U.
5
LEFT TURN RIGHT TURN 6 7 FROM H.M.U.
9
• Steering Control Valve In When the steering wheel is turned, the HMU sends pilot oil to either
Hold (Neutral) Position port (5) or (7). The flow of pilot oil is stopped when: (a) rotation of the
(1) Inlet from steering pump steering wheel is stopped, or (b) the neutraliser valve stops the flow
(2) Combination flow control (after a complete turn has been made). With no pilot oil flow against
/relief valve either end of the valve spool (4), spring (6) will keep the spool in the
(3) Outlet to tank NEUTRAL position.
(4) Control valve spool
(5) Inlet from HMU When the steering control valve is in the NEUTRAL position, the oil from
(6) Centering spring the steering pump is stopped by valve spool (4). The pressure increases
(7) Inlet from HMU in inlet passage (1). This pressure increase moves the combination
valve (2) to the right. The combination valve moves until oil can flow
• Pump oil is blocked by the through it to outlet (3).
control spool and
combination valve In the NEUTRAL position, the valve spool also blocks (holds) the oil in
the lines to the cylinders. This holds the machine in the turned position
• The combination valve opens where the steering wheel was stopped.
and oil flows to tank
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
TO
H.M.U. 1 2 TO TANK 3
FROM
STEERING
PUMP
4
8
6
TO
H.M.U.
7
5 TANK LEFT TURN 10 RIGHT TURN TANK
9 FROM H.M.U.
11
STEERING CONTROL - RIGHT TURN
10
(1) Inlet from steering pump When a right hand turn is made, pilot oil is sent to passage (7). The oil
(2) Combination flow control flows into the chamber for spring (6) and moves valve spool (4) to the
/relief valve left. Slow rotation of the steering wheel results in less flow of pilot oil
(3) Outlet to tank and less spool movement. A slow turn is the result. Fast rotation
(4) Control valve spool results in more spool movement, and a faster turn.
(5) Inlet from HMU
(6) Centering spring Pilot oil flows from the spring chamber across metering orifices (11) in
(7) Inlet from HMU valve spool (4). This oil flows through passage (9), out port (5) and to
(8) Ball resolver valve tank via the HMU. This bleed-off of pilot oil will cause valve spool (4) to
(9) Passage return to the NEUTRAL position if rotation of the steering wheel is
(10) Outlet for right turn stopped. The operator must keep turning the steering wheel to keep
(11) Orifice the valve spool in the right turn position.
• Pilot oil moves the valve With valve spool (4) moved to the left, oil from the steering pump flows
spool to the left from inlet (1), through slots in the spool, into outlet (10). This oil flows to
the head end of the left steering cylinder and the rod end of the right
• Pressure oil flows to the steering cylinder, causing a right hand turn.
steering cylinders causing a
The pressure in outlet (10) is felt in the spring chamber behind valve (2).
right hand turn
This pressure keeps valve (2) to the left (closed).
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
1
2 3 4
6
5
11
Relief Valve Section of Steering Control Valve (With Relief Valve Open)
(1) Ball resolver valve The pressure of oil in the steering cylinders is felt through passage (2),
(2) Passage against pilot valve (4) and flow control valve (3).
(3) Flow control valve
(4) Relief valve (pilot valve) If an outside force prevents the machine from turning, the pressure in
(5) Ports ports (5) will increase. This pressure increase is also felt against pilot
(6) Orifice valve (4) and flow control valve (3). The pressure against the flow
control valve causes it to move to the left. This allows more oil to flow
• The combination valve to the cylinders. If the pressure rises above the relief valve setting, the
functions as a flow control pilot valve (4) will open.
valve until an outside force
prevents the machine from When the pilot valve opens, oil flows through passage (2) and orifice (6).
turning The flow of oil through orifice (6) causes a pressure drop in the flow
control valve spring chamber. This lets the pressure of the oil in the
• Blocked cylinders stop oil inlet passage move flow control valve (3).
flow
Oil from inlet (5) can flow through the holes in the flow control valve,
• System pressure increases to
which now works as a dump valve. This releases the extra pressure
the relief valve setting
from the circuit. When the outside force is gone and the pressure is
• The combination valve reduced, the flow control valve and pilot valve return to their normal
functions as a relief valve positions.
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
FROM LIFT
CYLINDERS
MAIN STEERING
CONTROL
VALVE TO BRAKE
SYSTEM
PRESSURE
REDUCING
VALVE
STEERING
OIL COOLER
CYLINDERS
TO IMPLEMENT
PILOT CONTROL
VALVE
H. M. U.
LEFT RIGHT
NEUTRALIZER NEUTRALIZER
CHECK
VALVE
SECONDARY TANK
IMPLEMENT
STEERING PUMP
PILOT
STEERING
12
• Pilot steering circuit with the With the engine running oil flows from the hydraulic tank to the brake
engine running and pilot pump. The pilot pump is a vane-type pump.
• Pressure reducing valve The oil from the pump flows to the pressure reducing valve. The
maintains a constant pressure reducing valve maintains a constant pressure in the pilot
pressure in the pilot circuit circuit. The pump also supplies oil to the emergency/parking brake
circuit and the hydraulic implement pilot circuit.
• The brake and pilot pump
supplies oil to: Oil flows from the pressure reducing valve to the selector and pressure
(a) Emergency/parking control valve. The selector and pressure control valve blocks the flow
brake circuit of alternate pilot oil into the pilot system.
(b) Hydraulic implement
pilot circuit But if the pilot pump fails, or oil is not available, then the selector and
(c) Steering pilot circuit pressure control valve will allow alternate pilot oil to flow into the pilot
circuit from the lift cylinders.
• The selector and pressure
control valve blocks alternate oil The pilot oil then flows to the hand metering unit (HMU).
Continued
Page 17
Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
When the hand metering unit is in the neutral position, the main steering
• Hand metering unit in the
pump supplies oil the main steering control valve.
neutral position, main
steering pump supplies oil to
The combination valve located in the main control valve. Acts as a
the main steering control
unloader valve and dumps oil through the oil cooler to the tank. (See
valve
operation of the main steering control valve, Hold in this module)
• The combination valve in the
main control valve acts as a
unloader valve and dumps oil
through the oil cooler to tank
Page 18
Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
FROM LIFT
CYLINDERS
MAIN STEERING
CONTROL
VALVE TO BRAKE
SYSTEM
PRESSURE
REDUCING
VALVE
STEERING
OIL COOLER
CYLINDERS
TO IMPLEMENT
PILOT CONTROL
VALVE
H. M. U.
LEFT RIGHT
NEUTRALIZER NEUTRALIZER
CHECK
VALVE
SECONDARY TANK
IMPLEMENT
STEERING PUMP
PILOT
STEERING
13
• Steering system in a gradual When the machine is in operation and the steering wheel is rotated
right turn clockwise, the machine will turn to the right.
• Pilot oil moves the main Pilot oil from the HMU flows through the right neutraliser valve (unless
steering control valve spool the machine is fully articulated). From the neutraliser valve the oil flows
to the main steering control valve moving the spool to the left. The oil
also flows (bleeds off) to the right hand side of the spool through an
orifice in the spool.
• Steering pump oil flows to the Oil from the steering pump can now flow to the head end of the left side
steering cylinders steering cylinder and the rod end of the right side steering cylinder. The
machine will articulate to the right. Oil from the opposite ends of the
steering cylinders flows back to the tank through the main control valve
spool.
• Combination valve acts as a At the same time, oil pressure flows via the check valve and orifice to
flow control valve the combination valve (relief and flow control valve), contained in the
main control valve. The flow control valve allows pump oil that is not
needed for the turn to return to tank. The relief will open if the pressure
in the system becomes to high.
Page 19
Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
FROM LIFT
CYLINDERS
MAIN STEERING
CONTROL
VALVE TO BRAKE
SYSTEM
PRESSURE
REDUCING
VALVE
STEERING
OIL COOLER
CYLINDERS
TO IMPLEMENT
PILOT CONTROL
VALVE
H. M. U.
LEFT RIGHT
NEUTRALIZER NEUTRALIZER
CHECK
VALVE
SECONDARY TANK
IMPLEMENT
STEERING PUMP
PILOT
STEERING
14
• FULL RIGHT TURN with the If the operator continues to rotate the steering wheel clockwise, the
engine running machine will articulate fully right.
• Striker contacts right The striker mounted on the rear frame will contact the right turn
neutraliser valve neutraliser. Pilot oil flow from the HMU to the steering control valve is
blocked by the neutraliser valve.
• Pilot oil flow to control valve An orifice in the main steering control valve spool allows the pilot oil at
spool is blocked and the the right hand side of the valve spool to flow to the left hand side of the
spool returns to the neutral spool. The left hand side of the spool is open to tank via the left
position neutraliser. The steering control valve spool will return to the hold
position. The steering valve spool will block the oil in the steering
• Machine stops turning cylinders and the machine stops turning.
When the machine turns back to the left, the striker will move away
from the neutraliser valve. The valve stem will move back to the open
position.
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
1
2
15
• Explain function and location The secondary steering pump (1) is mounted on the front of the
transmission case.
• Ground driven pump It is a ground driven pump that rotates when the machine moves. The
optional secondary steering system has two purposes:
(a) To provide steering supply oil should the primary
steering pump system fail while the machine is moving.
(b) To supply oil if the engine should stop while the machine
is moving.
• Secondary steering diverter The secondary steering diverter valve (2) is mounted on the side of the
valve secondary steering pump (1).
Two check valves, relief valve and two spool valves are housed within
the diverter valve which directs the supplemental pump oil flow,
depending on the machines operational mode.
Page 21
Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
TO STEERING MAIN
CONTROL VALVE
DIVERTER
VALVE
SECONDARY
STEERING PUMP
STEERING
IMPLEMENT
PILOT
TANK
16
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
TO STEERING MAIN
CONTROL VALVE
DIVERTER
VALVE
SECONDARY
STEERING PUMP
STEERING
IMPLEMENT
PILOT
TANK
17
• Check valve stops flow of oil The check valve prevents secondary pump oil returning to tank through
through the steering pump to the primary steering pump when the pump has failed or the engine is
tank not running and the machine is moving.
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
18
Explain tasks: Each trainee will be required to successfully complete the tasks listed
below.
1. Adjusting and setting the main relief valve.
2. Adjust the neutraliser stops.
Service Manual:
Always check the Service Manual for the correct specifications and
testing and adjusting procedures.
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
Continued
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
Q.7. The hand metering unit (HMU) dir ects oil to:
directs
A. The implement control valve
B. The main steering valve
C. The float sequence valve
D. The bucket positioner valve
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
Q.1. C.
Q.2. C.
Q.3. C.
Q.4. B.
Q.5. A.
Q.6. C.
Q.7. B.
Q.8. A.
Q.9. C.
Q.10. B.
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
10
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
FROM LIFT
CYLINDERS
MAIN STEERING
CONTROL
VALVE TO BRAKE
SYSTEM
PRESSURE
REDUCING
VALVE
STEERING
OIL COOLER
CYLINDERS
TO IMPLEMENT
PILOT CONTROL
VALVE
H. M. U.
LEFT RIGHT
NEUTRALIZER NEUTRALIZER
CHECK
VALVE
SECONDARY TANK
IMPLEMENT
STEERING PUMP
PILOT
STEERING
12
Blocked oil
Tank or return oil
Page 30
Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
FROM LIFT
CYLINDERS
MAIN STEERING
CONTROL
VALVE TO BRAKE
SYSTEM
PRESSURE
REDUCING
VALVE
STEERING
OIL COOLER
CYLINDERS
TO IMPLEMENT
PILOT CONTROL
VALVE
H. M. U.
LEFT RIGHT
NEUTRALIZER NEUTRALIZER
CHECK
VALVE
SECONDARY TANK
IMPLEMENT
STEERING PUMP
PILOT
STEERING
13
Pilot pressure
Blocked oil
Tank or return oil
Load pressure
Page 31
Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
FROM LIFT
CYLINDERS
MAIN STEERING
CONTROL
VALVE TO BRAKE
SYSTEM
PRESSURE
REDUCING
VALVE
STEERING
OIL COOLER
CYLINDERS
TO IMPLEMENT
PILOT CONTROL
VALVE
H. M. U.
LEFT RIGHT
NEUTRALIZER NEUTRALIZER
CHECK
VALVE
SECONDARY TANK
IMPLEMENT
STEERING PUMP
PILOT
STEERING
14
Pilot pressure
Blocked oil
Tank or return oil
Page 32
Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
TO STEERING MAIN
CONTROL VALVE
DIVERTER
VALVE
SECONDARY
STEERING PUMP
STEERING
IMPLEMENT
PILOT
TANK
16
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Service Training Module
Wheel Steering System
CATERPILLAR ELPHINSTONE PTY. LTD.
TO STEERING MAIN
CONTROL VALVE
DIVERTER
VALVE
SECONDARY
STEERING PUMP
STEERING
IMPLEMENT
PILOT
TANK
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