Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
~----- ------- --
---------- -
.;11FI
" "
I
I
About the National Institute of Justice
Ii
The National Institute of Justice is a research branch of the U.S. Department of Justice. The Institute's DlSSlon is I
to develop about crine, it.s causes and control. Priority is given to policy-relevant research that can yield
kno~ledge
approaches and information that State and local agencies can use in preventing and reducing crime. The decisions 0ade
by criainal justice practitioners and policyoakers affect Dillions of citizens, and crine affects almost all our public
institutions and the private sector as Hell. Targeting resources, assuring their effective allocation, and developing
I
neH neans of cooperation betHeen the public and private sector are some of the eoerging issues in laH enforcement and
clioinal justice that research can help illuoinate. I
Carrying out the oandate assigned by Congresss in the Justice Assistance Act of 1984, the Nationa.l Institute of Justice:
I
o Sponsors research and developnent to inprove and strengthen the criminal justice systeD and related civil justice
aspects, with a balanced program of basic and applied research.
o Evaluates the effectiveness ot justice ioproveoent programs and identifies prograDs that proGise to be successful
I
if continued or repeated.
o Tests and denonstrates new and ioproved approaches to strengthen the justice systeo, and recoonends actions that
I
can be taKen by Federal, state, and local governoents and private organizations and individuals to achieve this
gtl3.l.
o Disseoinates infctoation froD research, deoonstrations, evaluations, and special programs to Federal, State, and
I
local governnents, and serves as an international clearinghouse of justice infofnation.
o Trains criDinal justice practitioners in research and evaluation findings, and assists practitioners and
I
researchers through fellouships 'and special seoinars.
I
Authority ror adoinisterlng the Institute and BHarding grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements is vested in the
~IJ Director. In establishing its research agenda, the Institute Is guided by the priorities of the Attorney General
and the needs of the criainal justice field. The Institute actively solicits the views of police, courts, and
corrections practitioners as Hell as the private sector t~ identify the oost critical probleos and to plan research that
I
CDl1 hel p resolve then.
I
JaDes 1(. Steuart US Department 01 Justice
Nalionallnstitute of Justice
110826
I
Director
I
i'J·
, I· ~ :,
~) 1 1.
~
1 H.L.Lc J
, , ., :\'!'
I) dT11dl,,1; ~ _, Til' ....C'
la
,'f Ju,~tic('
"", I
• '~>; ~I
I
------------,--------- -- ----'-
)
I
v !
MULTIQAGENCY INVESTIGATIVE,- TEAK l
~ANUAL
I:f~~
l~< "£:eJ' ~ JJ ~ ~5
l'
I
@lilt ~ WB8
Pio1l'ca R. 81'001<6
Michael J. Devina ~ A~@tm1$}!1VlfO~s
Terence J. Green ~
t
Barba!'a 1... Hart
Merlyn D. Mooro
March 1988
I
National Institute of Justice
I
James K. Stewart
Di~ector I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
This project ~as stipported by grant number NIJ-86-IJ-CX-0019
trom the National Institute of Justice to the Criminal
I
Justice Center, Sam Houston State University. Points of
view or opinions expressed in this publication are those of
the authors and do not necessarily represent the official
I
position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.
I
I
I
ii
I
I
I
I
I TABLE OF CONTENTS
I
Foreward . v
I Preface • vii
project Staff. . ix
I Introduction xi
I Chapter One.
Chapter Two.
THE MAlT PLANNING PROCESS.
5
I Chapter Three. MAlT PERSONNEL ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT. 9
Chapter Four. FUNDING THE MAlT TASK FORCE. 19
I Chapter Five. MAlT FACILITY AND EQUIPMENT. 21
I Chapter Six.
Chapter Seven.
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT.
COMMUNICATIONS
23
31
I Chapter Eight. MAlT OPERATIONAL CONCERNS. 37
Chapter Nine. MEDIA RELATIONS . 43
I Chapter Ten. CASE COORDINATION, REVIEW AND CRITIQUE.. 49
I Appendix A.
Appendix B.
MAlT CONFERENCE METHODOLOGY AND AGENDA
VICAP DESCRIPTION
I Appendix F.
Appendix G.
EMERGENCY FUNDING LEGISLATION
TIP SHJ::ETS
I Selected Bibliography
I iii
I
FOREWORD
James K. Stewart
v
..4 Director
:.
PREFACE
~
~
~
1 communication link among agencies invo!ved
in these major case investigations, the task
of managing and coordinating the
multi-ageDcy investigative team has gone
largely undefined and unassigned.
vii
PROJECT STAFF
~.il
~
t~
,I ix
I
I
I INTRODUCTION
participants have provided the basis for this manual designed for law
I enf~rcement
investigations.
agencies involved in multi-agency serial murder
The guidelines in this manual
administrative and organizational
should improve
efficiency and effectiveness of
the
Frank Adamson,
I
Captain, Green River Task Farce, King County, WA
Jim Bell,
Detective, Salt Lake City Police Department, UT
I
Ray Biondi,
Lieutenant, Sacramenta County Sheriff's Department, CA
Sherman Black, I
Sheriff, Las Angeles Sheriff's Department, CA
James Boutwe I 1,
Sheriff, Williamson County Sheriff's Office, TX
Jeff Brosch,
I
Inspector, San Francisco Police Department, CA
Paul Dotson,
Detective, Wichita Police Department, KS
I
t;:d Erdelatz,
Inspector, San Francisco Police Department, CA
Robert Grimm,
Captain, Las Angeles Sheriff's Department, CA
I
J. Robert Hamrick,
Director, Georgia Bureau of Investigation, GA
Harry Harris,
I
Oakland Tribune, CA
Modeina Holmes
Sargeant, Special Crimes Unit, Amarilla, TX
I
Richard Iglehardt,
Assistant District Attorney,
Alameda Co., Oakland, CA
Robert Keppel,
I
Chief Criminal Investigator,
Office of the Attorney General, Seattle, WA
Joe Kozenczak,
I
Chief, Des Plaines Police Department, IL
Michael Malone,
Special Agent, FBI Laboratory, Washington, DC I
Ron McFall,
Sergeant, Calaveras Co. Sheriff's Office, San Andreas, CA
Hampton Pearson,
CBS News, Washington, DC
I
Joe Raffa,
Detective, Las Angeles Sheriff's Department, CA
Dr. Don Reay,
I
Medical Examiner, Seattle, WA
Warren Robinson,
Chief, Bellevue Police Department, NE I
Frank Salerno,
Ser~eant, Los Angeles Sheriff's Department, CA
Gary Terry,
Captain, Hillsbourough County Sheriff's Office, Tampa, FL
I
xii I
I
-- - -~ - - - - ------------------
CHAPTER ONE
MAlT Members
.!I
"
working together given the geographical and political
, organization of the area, and, (2) what other criminal
justice agencies and specialists such as medical
examiners, forensic experts, prosecutors~ and public
officials, should also be included as vital parts of
the effort.
1
I
Team members should be (1) identified, (2)
informed about the multi-agency investigative process,
I
and (3) committed to the team approach. They should
have a thorough understanding, in advance, of the
potential for unusual demands in a serial case to help
I
insure the cooperation necessary during the course of
the investigation. The degree of past experience and
cooperation in working together may determine, in I
part, the amount of team commitment required to form
an effective MAlT team.
where eVidence
There are numerouS examples
from an autopsy and advice on
admissibility of evidence from the prosecutor were key
I
factors in obtaining a conviction.
I
Advance Planning
murder
Advance planning
investigation.
is a necessity in a serial
Careful planning should
I
Advance expedite the identification and apprehension of the
planning
is essential
offender; yet it is nearly impossible
planning during a serial murder blitz.
to stpp .for
Investigators,
I
who must be represented in planning, may not be
available once a body is locatod and it is critioal
that the investigation not be delayed. I
Investigators,
Conference, recounted
who
their
from the lack of planning,
attended
frustrations
the 1986
resulting
guidelines or advice on
I
what to expect in such an investigation. Problems
such as unstandardized forms,
messages,
incomplete telephone
insufficient telephones or telephone lines,
I
and uncoordinated media releases were further evi.dence
'of the need for advance planning.
I
The experience of other agencies that have
been involved in the investigation of serial murder
cases can be used in the planning process. This
experience can benefit agencies by providing guidance,
I
details of organization, opportunities for training,
and an information exchange.
I
A planning meeting should be held to discuss
A preliminary
the advance planning issues in relation to the unique
characteristics of
MAlT members
the jurisdictions and potential
involved. Tentative policy and
I
operating procedures should be developed to address
meeting should
be held those issues. Conference participants strongly
recommended such a meeting to alleviate the general
I
lack of readiness for a Serial murd8r investigation.
I
2
I
I
I
I Planning Issues
I include
Planning
a
should
number
include
guidelines for a MAlT operation.
the develop~ent of
These guidelines may
of administrative issues and
I -Consequences of extended
investigations
-Facility/space/equipment availability
I -Information management
-Media relations
I resources or
investigation.
interest
There
territoriality and ego
to contribute
may be
to a
instances
serial
I
I
I 3
I
f,".~.·.· I
j>
11
~
~
",,
CHAPTER TWO
"~·'I FORMING THE MAlT TASK FORCE
e,
"
.;,~
:;
When a serial murder is recognized, the
·".'1
~
~ policies and
guidelines
procedures identified in the MAlT
must be activated and other members of the
~~
task force specifically identified.
~~I
i
Identify Other Cases Linked to the Series
il t Other cases which may be linked to the series
~ must be located and reviewed for possible inclusion in
the investigative efforts. The Violent Criminal
Apprehension Program (VICAP) of the U.S. Department
of Justice will assist in locating these similar
pattern homicides (see Appendix B). All personnel
must also be continuously alert for other cases which
may be related in any manner to the series.
I
I
I
I
I 5
I
I
Update the MAlT Plan I
The MAlT plan developed in preliminary
meetings. should
circumstances
be updated
of the
to correspond
investigation
to
and
the
the I
agencies/jurisdictions involved. Agencies may torm a
There is
single investigative task
(especially if distance is a
force.
factor)
Other agencies
may elect
investigate independently and share information on a
to I
than one regular basis with MAlT members. As an alternative
(4ll;}I'6?
way to form a
f1A IT task
to a special task force solely for serial murder
investigation, one region has established a permanent
I
force unit made up of personnel from the surrounding law
enforcement agencies
area
to
(see Appendix E).
handle homicides tor that
I
Command, supervisory, operational. support and
interagency coordination functions, not
outlined during the MAlT planning stages,
specifically
must be
I
established. Examples of such functions which must be
further defined arid activated at this time include: I
-SpeCific identification of MAlT members
law enforcement
forensic laboratory
I
prosecutor
medical examiner
speoialists
I
others
VICAP serves as
-Logistics I
a national -VICAP
c}earinghous9 and
resource center I
6
I
I
I
I Specifics of
I1A I T pJ an
In every case each agency or mUlti-agency task
must implement functions
force
such as these based on the
must be circumtances of the case and the resources available.
I adapted to
each case
Potential Organizational Problems
I Several management issues have been recurring
problems in serial murder investigations. These
I Planning
task force
organization
Organizational planning for the task force may
anticipate problems such as
minimize their effects.
~hese and prevent or
Planning should also include
can minimize an assessment of the current organizational strengths
I problems and weaknesses of the agencies
effective team effort.
involved for a more
I Law enforcement
accustomed to operating as
often
agencies are generally
self-contained units and
do not have the organizational structure,
personnel or inclination for coordinating with other
I agencies. The individual functions of a multi-agency
investigation must be defined and coordinated
throughout the task force. Commitment to the team
I approach and such coordination should be a
when organizing and selecting personnel.
priority
7
I
I
I
the number of personnel assigned. and other specific
implementation decisions must be made according to the
details of the case and the circumstances of the
I
investigation. For example, in a small task force,
one person could be designated as
Commander,
the Support Unit
Volunteer Coordinator and
Management Coordinator.
Information
In a larger task force, three
I
individuals may assume these positions.
Figure 1
I
Model Task Force Organizational Chart of a
Police Agency Involved in a MAlT Operation I
Department Head
I
Adjunct Specialists
(pathologist,
I
MAlT Commander
Case Review
Coordinator
I
criminalist,
prosecutor, and
others)
Public Information
Officer I
Operations Support I
Operations Commander Support Unit Commander
I
Lead Investigator
I nve'st i gat I ve
Information Management
-records
-computer
I
Management -mail
-clUe follow up
-suspect follow up
-tips I
-witness follow up Witness Coordination
Volunteers I
Coordination
8
I
I
CHAPTER THREE
MAlT PERSONNEL ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
Personnel management in a MAlT operation
extends from investigators, through support personnel
and case review analysts to specialists and
volunteers. Personnel functions include selection,
assignment, training and coordination. The scope of
these responsibilities requires continual attention
by task force managers.
Personnel Selection
I
;
personnel
Personnel Assignment
I Case
investigators
I n v est i g a. tor s , ina s e ria I mu r de r
too often required to perform additional duties (i.e.
ca s e , are
I personnel.
to burnout,
Permanent assignments, however. may lead
jealousy, an entrenchment mentality, and
be counterproductive to the team.
I 9
I
suspect
Tentative assignments in advance such as a
interview team or liaison officer
witnesses allow the designated officers time
for
to
I
acquire additional expertise and to plan strategies.
However, these assignments should be flexible
event that another officer
in the
with a different style
I
promises to be more effective. Assigning a team of
officers to these functions provides mutual assistance
and personnel back up. I
Personnel Scheduling and Burn Out I
The pace is intense in a serial murder
investigation.
are not uncommon
Sixteen hour days, seven days a week
in the initial stages of the
I
investigation. Fatigued personnel may become
Emphasize
good work
not just
frustrated when the case
successful
is not
results are slow in coming.
discouragement in a long term case,
resolved or when
To minimize
administrators
I
results to should continue to emphasize the positive aspects of
maintain
motivation
doing a good job during the process
investigation and not rely solely on final results.
of the
A
I
psychologist trained in stress management may also be
made available to MAlT members.
I
Other scheduling considerations include the
problem of overtime pay for some personnel and not
others,
to
and the extra coordination required for shift
assignments. These concerns should be addressed to
I
minimize personnel problems.
I
Key MAlT Positions
MAlT
-Personnel resources/limitations
Task
I
Force Commander Chief
administrator and director
Responsibilities include~
of the task force.
I
-Administration and coordination of
the investigative, support, case
review and analysis functions
I
-Budget preparation and
administration
-Liaison to chief or sheriff, VICAP I
and other non-task force agencies
and officials
10
I
I
I
I Operations Commander - Manages und oversees
the investigative operations of the task force.
I Maintains liaison with other unit commanders.
I -Investigative teams
-Crime scene technicians
-Special operation teams
I Support Unit Commander Directs and
coordinates the task force support fUnctions.
I Responsible for:
-Information management
-Evidence coordination
I -Lab and other specialists coordination
-Facility and equipment
-Budget/Audit
I -Volunteer coordination
I all information
witnesses,
regarding suspects, victims,
and relevant physical evidence to detect
unconnected leads or indications of change in suspect
method of operation. This position or unit may be
I staffed permanently or periodically dependi~g on the
complexity and magnitude of the case. If the task
force work load permits, the officer may be
I temporarily assigned
force.
to another unit in the task
In that event, it is imperative that the case
review function be reactivated on a regularly
I scheduled basis.
conducted by
Periodic review may
investigators with serial
also be
murder
experience who are external to this MAlT operation.
Responsibilities include:
I -Review, analyze and compare (on a
priority basis) all information
I and reports regarding suspects,
victims and evidence
-Provide feedback to investigators
I 11
I
I
-Supervise tracking and graphic
representation of case progress
I
(Inquiries about Visual Investi-
gative Analysis may be directed
to the California Department of
I
Justice.)
-Provide case review and critique
I
Investigators
It is
integral
imperative that review and analysis
part of task force functions.
are often precluded from taking time
be an
Investigators
to make an
I
seldom have in-depth comparative analysis of their work with that
time to make
a comparative
of other investigative
information that
teams
continues
or
to
to scrutinize
flow
the
into the task
I
analysis of force. Critical links between leads may be overlooked
their work without
function
this
must
review.
be
Persons assigned
experienced
knowledgeable in murder investigations.
to this
investigators I
Personnel Training
I
serial
Personnel should already be familiar
murder characteristics and with the unique
with
I
features of a serial investigation. Training for
specialized
training also
functions
should be reviewed and
provides
and the general MAlT operation
updated regularly. Periodic
replacement and back up for
I
officers and teams.
Take
professional
include:
development. Sources of such training
I
advantage
of training
opportunities
-Homicide Investigator Associations
such as exist in California,
Florida, Texas
I
-Continuing education courses
sponsored by universities
-Professional seminars and
I
conferences offered by law
enforcement agencies
I
The task force will also benefit from continued
contact with other agencies
of techniques developed
experienced
murder investigations and with VICAP.
in serial
The knowledge
by other experienced
I
investigators can benefit the task force.
I
12 I
I
~.·I
~ ,
,
p
.:.:'·1
j
Obtaining Additional Personnel
1
'.·.'.'1 A serial murder task force frequently demands
~
more personnel than law enforcement agencies can
supply. Data entry, word processing, filing tips and
~.·.·I
*
~,
reports, large scale searches and other support
functions quickly drain departments of officers· and
~
staff. Volunteers are often placed in those positions
which do not require sworn officers.
13
B
I
A specialist's
criminal
knowledge and experience with
investigations and possible legal
I
Eva} ua te constraints should be evaluated when consi~ering a
specialists'
expertise and
specialist's assistance.
pathologist can still
A
lose a
medically
case if
qualified
he is not
I
experience familiar with legal requirements. In those cases
with criminal
investigations
where these
inexperienced
individuals are not qualified or are
in a
enforcem2nt officials
homicide investigation.
must be very well informed
law I
themselves, and, if possible, obtain other
professional assistance. I
Agencies should maintain a current list of
available
investigations.
specialists commonly used in homicide
A list which includes an evaluation I
of their work, address, telephone number, and fees
will be beneficial
quick reference.
if they are
both for
involved at
planning
the scene
purposes and
Some specialists can contribute more
with the
I
investigator. Hence, it is important to be well
Specialists
acquainted with
homicide and be able
these professionals
to contact them
before the
immediately.
I
can be Periodic contact with specialists and feedback to them
an asset
at the scene
regarding pre',.ous services may also help cultivate a
good working relationship. Including the specialist I
in planning is more likely to result in a better
understanding of the specialist's
responsibilities in a serial murder investigation
both the specialist and the task force.
role and
tor I
VICAP can also assist
locating particular specialists.
the task force in I
Medical Examiner I
An
investigation
indispensible member
team, the medical
nf any homicide
examiner
partinularly important in a serial murder case.
is
Since
I
there may be no apparent motive in the killing to
assist police in solving the case, the investigation
may depend solely on evidence from the body. To
I
maintain continuity, the same forensic pathologist
should examine each of the bodies in a
serial case. Further,
jurisdiction's
the National Association of
Medical Examiners has adopted standards tor inspection
I
and accreditation
investigative system.
autopsy procedure
of a modern medico-legal
In that manual,
is outlined.
the forensic
Medical examiners
I
should follow these recommendations.
I
14
I
I
I
I Qualifications of the medical examiner or
coroner are critical to the success of the
I (Jua 1 i f i ca t ions
of the medical
investigation.
unqualified to
Several
their biggest problem was with a
perform
investigators reported that
a
coroner who was
detailed forensic
examiner are examination. The medical examiner should be a
I critical forensic pathologist but often is not. In many areas,
the coroner is an elected position and may not even be
a medical doctor. In these situations the coroner
I should obtain the services of a qualified forensic
pa t ho log i s t.
I age,
A criminal personality profiler may develop a
suspect profile
sex, race,
indicating such characteristics as
life-style, occupation, residential
location, and prior criminal history. The profiler
I may alGa be used for apprehension, suspect interview,
and Flrosecution strategies. This service, provided at
r~ cost, is available by contacting the Criminal
I P~ofile
Office.
Coordinator located at each Regional FBI
I
I 15
I
---~-- ---~ ~--
I
Psychologist I
A psychologist may be able to assist
traumatized families,
psychologist may also
witnesses
be available
and victims.
to help
A
team
I
members relieve stress and burnout. The psychologist
should be
requi remE~nts.
familiar with police routine and
I
Criminalists/Crime Laboratory Specialists I
The same specialists should process all
The same
laboratory
evidence from a serial murder investigation to detect
similarities and patterns. The identification of
I
personnel cases linked to a series has been delayed because
should process
all evidence
in the series
evidence went
laboratory.
to another specialist within the same
I
the
If
scene.
possible, involve the specialist with the
crime scene technician immediately, perhaps even at
Trace elements, enzymes, and body fluids
I
dissipate rapidly. Laboratory personnel can advise
law enforcement on the collection, packaging and
transporting of fragile or otherwise special pieces of
I
evidence. For more detailed information, refer to the
Handbook £L Forensic Science,
Investigation.
Federal Bureau of
I
The FBI laboratory has offered to
inter-compare findings for serial
utilize this
murder cases. To
service a request must be made through
I
VICAP.
I
Prosecutor
beginning
The prosecutor
of the
should be
investigation
included at
for advice
the
and
I
consultation regarding legal issues involved with the
case. I f the case i nvo I ves more than one s ta te or
federal government, it is likely that the rules
the
of
I
evidence for one jurisdiction may not meet the
conditions and
another.
limitations for admissibility in
I
I
I
16
I
I
I
I The prosecutor
evidence or
should also be aware ot
testimony which. while not admissible at
the guilt or innocence phase of the trial, may be
entered for the penalty phase. The prosecutor is
I better able to present a coherent and coordinated case
in court if involved with all of the case
developments. However, MAlT should be aware that an
I active role by the proseoutor in the investigation may
jeopardize his position by making him a witness.
I on the team.
In a multi-jurisdiotional investigation
I VICAP serves
-Coordinate meetings of investigators
in VICAP linked cases
as a resource
I to serial
murder
investigations
-Assistance in identifying
specialists, equipment or other
resources which may be required.
I
I
I
I 17
I
I
I CHAPTER FOUR
FUNDING THE MAlT TASK FORCE
I The special needs of a serial murder
investigation can devastate an agency's budget. The
I Atlanta Child Murders
$5.8 million and
investigation eventually cost
required city, state, and federal
assistance. Expenditures in other investigations have
I exceeded i
budgets.
million dollars and have depleted agency
Budgeting is a necessary part of
planning process even though neither the murders nor
the
I Anticipated Expenses
I Follow up
Post
identified.
conviotion funds should also
There may be leads that were not followed
be
I
~~----------~---~~~~ --- -------- -- ------- -- - - -
I
Criminal justice interests and funds seem to
I
diminish after a conviction is obtained even though
evidence
victims.
in some cases has indicated additional
Serious consideration should be given to the I
families of victims and others who deserve closure on
a life trauma.
attacked and
One surviving victim,
!1A I T members
can share the
A financial advantage to the MAlT approach
potential for cost sharing across the MAlT
is I
investigation membership. Law enforcement agencies, medical
expenses examiners and district attorneys all have budgets
which may help absorb some of the investigation ~nsts.
I
Access to
Additional
such as mutual
sources of financial assistance
aid pacts or legislative emergency I
s t:;Jte funds funds should be identified. Legislation may be
may require
special
legislation
required to enable states to provide emergency
assistance for criminal investigations. (An example of
such legislation can be found in Appendix F.)
I
I
I
20
I
I
I
I CHAPTER FIVE
I MAlT FACILITY AND EQUIPMENT
Locating additional space and equipment for a
I serial murder task force often requires quick and
creative support management. Generalized requirements
may be planned in advance but many specific support
I needs develop on a daily basis as the
proceeds.
investigation
I Facility Considerations
I 21
I
I
I
Equipment Considerations
Due to rapid
equipment which may assist
technological advances,
in an investigation is
I
limited only by the investigator's awareness of it and
its availability. The investigator should be current
on equipment technology to take advantage of the
I
possibilities for investigative assistance.
I
I CHAPTER SIX
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Information management is critical to the
success of a MAlT operation and must be a high
priority concern.
Information Volume
~:
I The ability
to manage and
Historically,
prolonged serial
the Achi lIes'
murder
heel of most
investigations has not been
coordinate that of the investigation function per se, but the
I information is
critical
inability of the law enforcement agencies involved to:
I
I 23
I
'~~
I
Organizing for Information Management I
The key to successful information management
is the appointment of one person or a special team to
serve as the focus of information intake for the task
I
Coordinate force. This position or unit collects, collates,
information
flow through
prioritizes and disseminates information received to
appropriate sections of the task force. In previous
I
one position cases, these units were called tip rooms, major
incident rooms, crime information centers,
analysis units.
or crime
Messages to other agencies, I
specialists, media representatives, and others
originate in this office and are thus coordinated and
controlled for efficiency and security.
been examples of suspect
There have
interviews duplicated by
I
different investigators, with each interview and the
resulting
Appropriate
information
information
unknown
management
to the others.
through one
I
pOSition or office should enhance coordination of
information flow.
in
numbers of
multi-agency
telephone lines,
telephones and answering machines are common eqUipment
deficiencies investigations.
I
Recording equipment with a queuing system for taking
The task
calls should supplement the telephone answering system
if personnel are not available on a twenty-four hour
I
force must basis or if the number of calls exceeds answering
maintain
24-hour
telephone
capaCity. Availability of resources is a factor when
weighing the advantages and disadvantages of direct
telephone access to investigators versus a centralized
I
coverage answering pool for normal operations. However, during
serial murder investigatIons, it is imperative to have
separate phone lines for investigators and for
I
personnel assigned to hot lines receiving tip
information.
I
I
24
I
I
I
I
I Tip Sheets
I murder
from
investigations should be designed before the
murder occurs. Detectives have written on everything
note pads, to agency stationery and desk
blotters. With a standardized format, information
I collected will be more complete Rnd will be in a form
which is more easily compared to others and more
readily converted for electronic data processing.
I (See Appendix G for examples of tip sheets used by the
Green River Task Force and the Michigan Child Murders
Task Force.)
I overstated nor
overlooked
system. With computer capability, the investigator
can perform crime analysis and data comparisons
previously were not feasible or even considered.
that
I difficult
diminish over
information and
decision point,
time.
as computer resources
Priorities regarding suspect
identification, victim information,
evidence information, and missing person information
I must be established. In addition,
programming changes may be necessary considering the
computer
I 25
I
---- -,,----------
I
To take full advantage of this enhanced
Include
investigators
capability, the use of a computer in an investigation
should be planned well in advance of the murder.
I
when planning Investigators must be involved in this planning to
computerized
information
insure a more comprehensive computerized information
system. Outside consultants and technicians may I
systems assist in the planning, implementation and operation
phases of
identifying
the computerized system, but they cannot
supplant the administrator
critical
and investigator
information and methods of
in I
analyses.
for a
the system is too complex.
Data security and backup computer records are routine
procedures knowledgeable operator, but
I
nonetheless,
planning.
are issues which must be addressed when
I
Other agencies with computer experience in
serial
MAlT
murder
managers
investigations are prime resources for
learning the applications and
I
limitations of a computerized information system.
(i.e. Green
Washington;
Washington;
River Task Force, King County,
Office of the Attorney General. Seattle,
Los Angeles Sheriff's Department; Los
I
Angeles Police Department; and Salt Lake City Police
Department). I
Problems to Consider Before Becoming Involved in
Computer Operations I
Several problems, such as those listed below,
should be considered before becoming involved in
computer operations for a serial murder investigation.
I
-High cost ( i . e.
programming,
hardware,
data entry,
software,
computer
I
time, training, and storage)
-Data security
I In spite of these concerns every effort should be made
to address these problems and develop an effective and
I 27
I
I
-Crime analysis and comparisons. I
Computer aids in detecting similar
patterns in the series or
other crimes
links to
I
-Data prioritized. Leads, tips and other
information can be prioritized and then
accessed according to that priority
I
ranking. Ranking can be changed at any
time and
reevaluated
the data immediately
I
Computer Compatibility I
Ideally the computer information systems of
the MAlT member agencies should be compatible to
maximize the benefits of the team approach for the
I
investigation. Mutual comparisons and
Computerized
information
cross-references
licenses or other
investigators.
of suspects, car descriptions,
records are powerful tools for
To accomplish such information sharing
I
sharing among requires much forethought and planning. Th0 computer
MAlT members
is a powerful
equipment, programming, and format for each agency's
information should be compatible so that information
I
tool for is useable by other agencies. When information
i nvesti ga tors sharing is limited to that which
transmitted manually, its effectiveness
can only be
is severely I
limited.
I
I
I
I
28
I
I
,
Long Term Record Storage
!.'I
.~~
Regardless of the type of
system, plan for the availability of
record storage
these records
months and years later. A wise course of action is to
Records must be plan for a retrial even if thE offender is found
available for guilty. Do not dispose of any records that were or
months and could have been used as evidence in the trial. The
years after the classification of body fluids for example, may pot be
investigation admissible today, but could, in the future, be 'more
accurately classified and thus admissible in a
retrial.
I
I
I
I
·1 29
I
I
I CHAPTER SEVEN
COMMUNICATIONS
I Information coordination for a serial murder
investigation not only involves communication flow
I Open Communication
I 31
I
---------
--------
I
investigators'
personnel
offices.
and others
In addition, task force
in the agency have disclosed
I
sensitive information in conversation when discussing
a ca.se. I
Each MAlT operation will have different
circumstances, personnel and information policy and
should, therefore, assess its own information security
I
needs when planning for communications.
Access to Information
I
The "need to
Access to information must be on a
know" basis.
"need to
Decisions on who to inform and how fully
I
know,t rule to inform are critical and MAlT managers must consider
is absolute the responsibilities of the position and the needs of
the investigation. I
case
The task force commander in a
needs
department head.
serial
immediate and direct access
murder
to the
Serial murder investigat~ons develop
I
rapidly and they must be ~edirected as conditions
demand.
and
To facilitate rapid
avoid later
investigative r4sponses
confusion and problems, the
I
investigation requires special support and immediate
feedback. The department head in turn, should keep
his superior and other appropriate officials
on the overall progress of the investigation.
informed I
Danger of Partial or Incomplete Information
I
Partial or incomplete
cause security problems.
information may also
MAlT personnel or other
I
officials who are partially informed may be unaware
of the underlying priorities of the case.
actions or decisions based on incomplete
may undermine the investigation and
Their
information
threaten the
I
security of the case. Also, statements made to the
media based on incomplete information may create a
false impression of the case for the public.
I
Communication Briefings
I
/1eetings can
as the
Briefings can become extremely time consuming
investigation expands and
personnel increases.
the number of
Investigators may find their
I
seriously work days monopolized with meetings designed to share
detract from
i nvesti ga ti ve
information.
aggravated
Impatience with such meetings may be
by the intensity of a serial murder
I
time investigation and possible personnel fatigue.
32 I
I
~---~ - -----~----~--~~- ~- -------
I
I Briefings and meetings must be very well organized to
insure that a maximum of information is disseminated
in a minimum time period.
I personnel may
contribute to
the task force
valuable
the
ideas and information
agency are excluded from the
if
I Moving a
involves more than
task force to a separate
just a need for larger
facility
space.
Separating Separating the team from the remainder of the agency
I the task
force from
can impact positively
communication flow
and negatively on the
and on the cooperation from other
the agency personnel in the agency. Positively, the team can
I has positive
and nega t i 'Ie
consequences
operate as a cohesive unit;
improved in quality and
information leaks is reduced.
communication can be
speed; and the
Negatively,
risk of
incomplete
information, the potential loss of assistance from
I other personnel and a perception of favoritism can
reduce cooperation and communication within the
agency.
I 33
I
I
Coordination Problems with External Communications
I
Communications have
Cross-jurisdictional
in compliance
I
with federal, state, and local laws.
I
I
I
34
I
I
I
Pressure to Release Information
I During the course of a major case
investigation, administrators and investigators have
I Have
been pressured from all sides to release information
regarding the facts and progress of the investigation.
The effort to cooperate with the public, the media and
I non-sensitive
case material
pl'epared to
other interested parties and yet protect the security
of the investigation places the task force commander
in a difficult position. A recommendation is to have
satisfy the non-sensitive material related to the case prepared to
I demsnd for news satisfy the demand for news. The department head,
task force commander or public information officer
should make clear the positive benefits of withholding
I information with those individuals requesting all
facts.
the
I
I
I 35
I
-- -~~------
Coordinate
newly published book. Each law enfcrcement agency
should be aware of these problems and anticipate its
I
rewards response. Rewards that are well planned and released
through 1111 I T in a timely manner
interest in serial
have been useful in rekindling
murder investigations. Rewards I
should be coordinated through MAlT.
Nuisance calls
investigative time.
take an inordinate amount of
Once these callers are
I
identified, a method of control should be developed.
Requesting information from them in writing or
requiring that a resum~ be on file may help reduce the
I
number and length of these types of calls.
I Surviving Victims
linked serial
can prov i de vita I
that may not be present in previously
murder cases. Survivors
suspect
are key
I Witnesses
I interviewing
witnesses
information gathering so that all investigators are
working from the same frame of reference.
I 37
I
I
Crucial information which must be obtained and
I
corroborated includes the exact date and time that the
Corroborate the victim was
last date and investigators
last seen. This information allows
to adequately confront suspect alibis
time the victim and places victims in the appropriate chronology in
I
was seen the series.
I
Witness Coordinator
confinement
factors.
records,
Statements by suspects'
friends, polygraph results, work records, time sheets,
bank records, and class
I
attendance rosters, are all
factors
examples of elimination
which at times have proved to be inadequate,
erroneous, or deliberately misleading. Suspects must
I
be eliminated by a thoroughly corroborated
investigation
39
I
Evidence Control I
Control and
One
coordinate
position or team should control
all evidence collection.
and
The evidence
coordination function assures that proper collection
I
ooordinate and recording procedures are used. Photographs in a
all evidenoe
through one
serial murder must be precisely identified to avoid
later confusion. Other controls include the chain of
I
HAlT position custody, the inter-comparison of items with other
homicides, and the storage and preservation of all
other items. This process reduces the chance of the
inadmissibility of evidence at trial. To maintain
I
evidence control when volunteers are assisting, the
evidence coordinator should thoroughly brief them on
collection procedures and be present at the crime
I
scene to supervise.
I
Special Training for Evidence Handling
Evidence Storage
il
,
ifl
'I
I
41
I
:1
I
I CHAPTER NINE
MEDIA RELATIONS
I The competition for news and the need for
information security in a criminal investigation often
I The media.
appear to place the media and
adversarial positions.
law enforcement in
Law enforcement ,agencies have
and law heard about or directly suffered interference in a
I enforcement
do not have to
case investigation due to the media's aggressive
search for news; however, the media's positive
be adversaries contributions to an investigation must not be
I for the
investi gation
communication links with other locations have helped
to locate witnesses, identify victims and establish
the suspect's itinerarYe Planning and communication
between law enforcement and media representatives can
I enhance these positive aspects of mutual interest in
the investigation.
I serial murder
details of
investigation in California. In that
case the members of the media agreed not to print
crime scenes and portions of letters from
Zodiac, even though he mailed them directly to
I reporters.
I
I
I 43
I
- --- -----~-~-----.~~ -." .. --_.". ~---------------- _.-- ----
I
Pub Ife >t,o' :
R.0quirements
I
or pub!'
iT i hW i n e a c h s tat ere g a l' d 1 n gop e n
i~~urmation is different.
l' e cord s
MAlT members must I
Obtain be especially knowledgeable about their state laws
expert advice
regarding
public
because the public's right to know and open records
legislation are frequent reasons given by the media
for the right to information. It is recommended that
I
information each agency consult an attorney experienced with
laws public information laws when developing the policy for
information dissemination. The District Attorney may
I
not be the best source for civil law advice on public
information.
I
Protecting Case Information
Reports
records.
affidavits,
A precautionary note--other adjunct records,
such as medical examiner
may not be
reports and search warrant
included in the "ongoing
I
peripheral investigation" protection clause and may be classified
t:9 the
investigation
as public records. The investigator should also check
the legal status of other reports such as those from
I
may be subject hospital records, crime laboratories, and others which
to open records may be peripherally involved in the investigation.
requirements I
Media Interference in an Investigation
included,
that
For
have
thrived on you people not talking and
I sometimes not
other.
cooperating with
Police at t~e scene saying one
each
I county
different spin.
agency is involved,
The rule of
there's
thumb,
more agencies involved, the more sources
the
I 45
I
I
The best prevention for inadvertent breaches I
in information security with the media is careful
planning and well trained press officers.
I
Media Considerations
- Work with the media and their need for news. The
media is not going to go away during a serial
murder investigation. Expressing anger or
stonewalling will not help law enforcement but
probably will make the situation worse. Every
effort should be made to keep lines of
communication open.
II 47
CHAPTER TEN
CASE COORDINATION, REVIEW AND CRITIQUE
An ongoing review of case information.
policies and procedures is an essential function of a
serial murder investigation. Too otten, however.
these critical functions are overlooked due to the
other effdrts of the investigation.
49
I
Investigative Pattern Analysis Charts (IPAC) or
Visual Investigative Analysis (VIA) are tools which
I
can facilitate both
review process.
the investigation and the case
These charts graphically depict
time and location of critical events in the case with
the I
the movement and observations of witnesses, victims
and suspects. Physical evidence recovered can also be
noted on the charts. These graphic displays can
I
greatly benefit investigators and crime analysts in a
complex nase and assist
coordination process.
in the overall review and
The charts can also be used by
the prosecutor during a trial to aid the court and
I
jury in following the interaction of the principals
involved in the case. I
Case Review
I
Case review must be conducted by experienced
officers knowledgeable
investigations.
in
The case
An investigative critique is both a
analysis and an evaluation.
critical
The critique must be
I
critique constructive or it will be worthless. Any work
covers all
aspects of the
assignment, function, system, or the task force as a
whole may be the subject of a critique during the
I
investigation course of the investigation.
standards
investigative follow
and expectations
up and critique
of a
should
post
be
I
identified. If performed correctly and objectively.
the critique will provide some of the
and training for future investigations.
best education
However. some
I
case critiques are politically motivated and generally
not instructive. Unfortunately, these reviewers often
have a predetermined opinion about the results of the
I
review.
I
I
50
I
I
I
I
Critique Functions
I The focus of the post investigative critique may
include:
I -Overall management of the task force
-Computer operation
I -Investigative operations,
tactics
techniques and
I -Legal issues
51
I
I
I
I
Final phase of critique
I
The final phase of a post investigative
The critique
may be
subject to
critique
concluded.
is to plan for tutuTe task torce operations
and the possibility of a retrial of the case just
The educational value of a critique cannot
I
discovery by be overstated; however. critique information may be
defense counsel subject to discovery by defense counsel so the agency
should consult with the prosecutor prior to critique
I
discussion.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
52
I
I
APPENDICES
I
I
I
'R
I
I
Ii
I
I
I
I
6
11
,
~
~··I
I
~~ ,
APPENDIX A
II
i
it
:1
f
", MULTI-AGENCY INVESTIGATION TEAM (MAlT)
,
Conference Methodology
<:·'1
",
~
Phoenix, Arizona
it August 17-29, 1986
{I
.,
"'f
Considering what is known today of serial murderers and serial murder it is
reasonable to assume that VICAP, as early as 1987 might identify a set of
o
similar patterns in a series of murders that range from coast to coast. For
'I example, VICAP might notify law enforcement agencies in WA, CA, TX, KS, NE,
GA, IL, and FL, that a unique set of similar patterns has occurred in each
jurisdiction and that there is a strong possibility that a single individual
I is responsible for the murders. Guidelines for law enforcement agencies
involved in a serial murder MAlT operation must be established before this
problem becomes a reality--actually, as we all know, before this problem
reoccurs.
I In order to establish meaningful guidelines, questions must be ~sked and
answered and solutions discussed:
I - How is a serial murder task force formed?
I - personnel selection?
- team assignments?
;1 WORKSHOP AGENDA
Point Resort
:; Phoenix, Arizona
'··1 August 17-29, 1986
MONDAY, August 18
TUESDAY, August 19
I 1230 - 1400
1400 - 1600
LUNCH
liTHE NIGHT STALKER CASE"
e Capt. Robert Grimm
I Los Angeles Sheriffls Dept.
I
I
II
I
WEDNESDAY, August 20 I
0800 - 1000 "THE GREEN RIVER CASE"
e Capt. Frank Adamson
I
Green River Task Force
1000 - 1030 BREAK I
1030 - 1230 "THE ZEBRA CASE"
e Inspector Jeff Brosch
San Francisco PO
I
1230 - 1400 LUNCH
I
1400 - 1600 "THE ROLE OF AUTOMATED SYSTEMS IN SERIAL MURDER
INVESTIGATIONS"
o Det. Joseph Raffa
Los Angeles Sheriff's Dept.
I
1915 - 2115 "THE BELLEVUE CASE"
o Chief Warren Robinson
I
Bellevue PO
I
THURSDAY, August 21
Oakland Tribune
G Hampton Pearson
I CBS News
1230 - 1400 LUNCH
I 1400 - 1600 liTHE ROLE OF THE PATHOLOGIST IN HOMICIDE INVESTIGATIONS"
(lJ Dr. Don Reay
I Medical Examiner
Seattle, Wash)ngton
I
'I
;1
----- ----
I
I
TUESDAY, August 26
•
Hillsbourough County
Michael Malone
FBI
I
1230 - 1400 LUNCH I
1400 - 1600 BEGIN PROBLEM AND SOLUTION SESSIONS
1915 - '!.115 TENTATIVE SESSION I
WEDNESDAY, August 27 I
0800 - 1000 PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS (Continued) I
1000 - 1030 BREAK
1030 - 1230 PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS (Continued) I
1230 - 1400 LUNCH
1400 - 1600 PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS (Continued)
I
1915 - 2115 TENTATIVE SESSION
I
THURSDAY, August 2B
·1
OBOO - 1000 PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS (Continued)
1000 - 1030 BREAK
I
1030 - 1230 PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS (Continued)
I
1230 - 1400 LUNCH
1400 - 1600 PROBLEM~ AND SOLUTIONS (Continued) I
1915 - 2115 TENTATIVE SESSION
I
I
I
I FRIDAY, August 29
I 0800 - 1200 PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS (Continued}
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
:.,·1
,
:1
APPENDIX B
VlCAP DEStRIPl!OM
!~
,[-
:1
,
(
'I
'
i
,,-
THE VIOLENT CRIMINAL APPREHENSION PROGRAM (VICAP)
;1
'I
I
VICAP CRIME ANALYSIS REPORT
I
The purpose of the VICAP Crime Analysis Report is to
collect data for analyses which will lead to the identification I
of patterns of violent crime throughout the country. Al the· ~gh
the completion of the Report and the submission of cases is
voluntary, the importance of doing so cannot be over emphasized.
A single report received and analyzed by the VlCAP staff could
I
initiate a coordinated effort among law enforcement agencies
hundreds or even thousands of miles apart and expedite the appre-
hension of a violent serial offender. I
The VlCAP Crime Analysis Report form is designed to be
quickly and easily completed. The form consists primarily of
check-box responses, with some fill-ins, and a short narrative
I
summary of the case.
VICAP Crime AnalysIs Report Form Availability I
It is the intention of the FBI to have the VICAP Report
form distributed to and stocked by every law enforcement agency
in the country. If, however, you need a copy or copies of the I
form and your department has not yet received them, contact
either the nearest FBI Field Office or Resident Agency. Alterna-
tively, you may contact VlCAP directly with your request at: I
VI CAP
NCAVC
FBI Academy
Quantico, VA 22135
I
Or call (703) 640-6131 and ask to be connected with VICAP. I
THE OPERATIONAL PROCESS
The completed VICAP Crime Analysis Report should be
I
mailed directly to:
VI CAP
I
NCAVC
FBI Academy
Quantico, VA 22135 I
When the report is received by VlCAP, an acknowledgment
letter is prepared for the submitting investigator. A similar
letter is sent to th~ criminal Profile Coordinator in the FBI I
Field Division which sel~es your agency.
After the Report is revievled by the assigned VICAP
staff member, it is entered into the computer and compared with
I
all other cases in the VICAP data base and generates a list of
potentially similar cases for the assigned Analyst to review.
I
2 I
I
I
I
An in-depth analysis is then accomplished by the VICAF
I staff to determine if a relationship between two or more cases
appears likely. If cases appear to be related; each of the
submitting investigators will be contacted and advised that a
possible relationship exists between his case and another. The
I name of the investigator, his/her telephone number, the submit-
ting agency, and the submitting agency's case number will be
provided.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
i
I
I
I
3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
APPENDIX C
I
MULTI-AGENCY CASE PRESENTATION BOOKLET
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
----~------ ----------
MULTI-AGENCY
CASE PRESENTATION
BOOKLET
~I
I
I
~I
I
I
PREFACE
:.1
:
reports and can be used to standardize case presentations at multi-agency
investigative meetings.
'I
,I
I 3
I
I
CAS E ADM I N I S T RAT ION
GEl'TERAL ADMINISTRATION I
Reporting A~ency:
Mailing Address:
I
(Address, City, State, ZIP)
ORI Number: I
Assigned Investigator(s) :
I
Phone Number ( s) :
primary crime Laboratory:
I
Mailing Address:
(Address, City, State, ZIP) I
Lab Case Number(s):
Lab Contact Person:
I
Phone Number ( s) :
Medical Examiner/Coroner Name, Title:
I
Mailing Address:
(Address, City, State, ZIP) I
M.E. Case Number(s):
Pathologist Name:
I
Phone Number(s):
I
CRIME CLASSIFICATION
Crime Classification: I
(i.e., sexual murder, robbery-murder, assassination, drug related, etc.)
Apparent Motive:
(i.e., the murder itself, robbery, burglary, destruction of property, etc.)
I
I
I
I
4
I
-------------~-- ~- ----
To:
(date) (time)
Death of victim:
(date) (time)
Body Discovered:
(date) (t ime)
Arrest of Suspect:
(date) (time)
I other:
(date) (time)
I other:
(date) (time)
Other:
I (da tel (t ime)
other:
I other:
(date) (t ime)
(date) (t ime)
I other:
(date) (time)
I
I 5
I
I
THE VICTIM
IDENTITY
I
Identity Confirmed: (yes/no) I
CUrrent status: (dead, survivor)
Name: I
Alias (es) :
I
Haiden Name:
Prior Harried Name(s):
I
Mailing Address:
(Address, City, State, ZIP) I
Phone Number(s):
(home) (\lork)
I
Social Security Number:
FBI Number: I
state ID Number:
Fingerprint Classification: I
citizenship:
occupation:
I
Place of Employment:
Mailing Address:
I
(Address, City, State, ZIP)
- Hair Color:
Hair Style:
Eye Color:
Hair Length:
Fac"ial Hair:
Nose:
Teeth: Ears:
-
~:
'complexion: Face:
Speech Pattern:'
I
~
Languages Spoken:
(i.e., lisp, accent, stutter, etc.)
Handic~ps:
BACKGROUND
Marital status:
Number of Children: Ages:
Cities & States Lived In within Past 5 Years:
I,
I 7
.1
I
Type Residence:
(i.e., house, apartment, vehicle, etc.)
I
Who Lives With Victim and Relationship(s):
I
Li::e style: I
(i .e., crime figure, drug user, gambler, transient, etc.)
I Location:
Distance from Crime Scene:
I Distance from Body Recovery site:
License Number: state:
I Year: Make: Model:
I Body style:
Distinguishing Characteristics:
Color:
I Mailing Address:
(Address, city, State, ZIP)
I Phone Number(s):
(home) (work)
I
THE SUSPECT
IDENTITY
I
Name:
I
Alias(es) :
I
Naiden Name: I
Prior Married Name(s):
Mailing Address:
(Address, City, State, ZIP)
I
Phone Number ( s) :
(home) (work) I
social security Number:
FBI Number:
I
State ID Number:
Fingerprint Classification:
I
citizenship: I
occupation:
Place of Employment: I
Mailing Address:
(Address, City, State, ZIP)
I Speech Pattern:
(i.e., lisp, accent, stutter, etc.)
Languages Spoken:
I Handicaps:
Most Noticeable Physical Idiosyncrasy:
I (i.e., nervous tic, twitching, etc.)
I
I
I
I
I
,I
I 11
.
'f !
.I
BACKGROUND I
Number of Children: I
Number Living With suspect: Ages:
cities & states Lived In Within Past 5 Years: I
Foreign Countries Lived In: I
Hobbies:
History of Being a "Volunteer"? (yes/no)
I
What?
(i.e., police reserve, youth leader, search & rescue, etc.) I
Type Residence:
(i.e., house, apartment, vehicle, etc.) I
Who Lives With suspect and Relationship(s):
I
Life Style: I
(i.e., crime figuI'e, drug user, gambler, transient, etc.)
I
I
I
12
I
------- ----~-~-~----- ----
I
I
SUSPECT'S OPERATOR'S LICENSE
I
state: NUlnber: Expiration:
I
§USPECT'S VEHICLE
I Used in the Crime? (yes/no)
I
ARRESTED SUSPECT
I Others' Property In Possession of Suspect:
I
I
'I
'I
il
:1
II
I 13
---- -- ---
I
I
CON D I T ION o F THE B 0 D'Y W HEN F 0 U N D
I
PHYSICAL STATE
I
Stage of Decomposition:
Body Temperature: Method Used to Determine: I
Rigor and Locations:
Was Rigor consistent wIth the position of Body When Found? (yes/no) I
Was Post Mortem Lividity Consistent with the position of Body When Found?
(yes/no) I
Estimate of How Long Victim Dead ~oJhen Body Found:
Person Estimating Time Since Death: I
Title/Position:
Hailing Address: I
(Address, City, State, ZIP)
Phone Nurnber(s): I
I
I
I
I
I
I
~,
I
14
~
I
I
DISCOVERY OF BODY
I Person \<7ho Discovered the Body:
I Relationship to victim:
Mniling Address:
(Address, City, State, ZIP)
I Phone Numh~r(s) :
(home) , (\lork)
I Things Around the Body Discovery site That Suggest staging by the Suspect:
Have Bodies of Previous Murder Victims Been Discovered Near This Victim
Recovery site? (yes/no)
How Many? How Far Away?
I
I 15
I
I,j
BINDINGS ON THE BODY
•
I
l'
'i.
i-
T H ~E"____'=B::_..::::O~D~Y__D~I:......!:S~C~O:.........::.V~E:......:.!R_:..Y_.....:S=___:I::._..;:T'__=E
:~
I
t
Who Owns the Property?
Relationship to Victim:
I
~
!
~
(urban vs. suburban, commercial vs. residential, ethnic composition,
I An Interstate Hightvay:
Another Highvlay:
I
t
A city Street:
An Alley:
I
I
I Instrument Used:
(pen, blood, l ipst ick, etc.)
I
I
I
I
I
I 17
I
I
C A USE a F D EAT H AND TRAUMA
I
Cause of Death:
Locations of Trauma:
I
Number of Blunt Force/Bludgeon Wounds:
Extent of Blunt Force Trauma:
I
N~~er of Stab Wounds:
(minimal, moderate, severe, overkill, etc.)
·:·1
OFFENSE M • 0 • I
INITIAL ACTIONS OF THE SUSPECT I
SuspectCs Actions Prior To Approach & contact With victim: I
suspect's Method of Initial Approach to victim: I
Did tile victim Go with the Suspect Voluntarily? (yes/No)
If No, How Did the Suspect Get the victim to Go With Him/Her? I
Relationship of Suspect and Victim:
I
LOCATIONS
I
Description of the Location of the Initial Suspect-victim Contact: I
(urban vs. suburban, commercial vs. residential, ethnic composition, I
type business or residence; the general and specific description)
I
20
I
I
I
SUSPECT ENTRY INTO A BUILDING
I Did the Suspect Enter A Building to Contact the victim? (y8s/no)
I How?
Instrument Used:
I others Present During Assault:
Are There Indications the Suspect Covered Hands? (yes/no)
I
I
with ~mat?
I Describe:
I
M.Zl.TERIAL LOSS
I
What Did the Suspect Take From the Victim?
I Value: Why?
~mat Did the Suspect Take From the Scene?
I Value: ~my?
I
I 21
I
I
SUSPECT INITIATED CONTACTS BEFORE OR AFTER THE CRIME
Did the Suspect Contact the Victim Prior. to the crime? (yes/no)
I
Describe:
(anonymous calls, letters, poems, drawings, etc.)
I
Has the Suspect Made Contact since the crime?
Describe:
(yes/no)
I
(news media, police, surviving family members, etc.)
Form of Communication: I
(telephone, typed letter, words cut from newspaper, etc.)
How certain is it That The Contact Was In Fact From the Suspect? I
Describe:
(suspect presented information not commonly known, etc.)
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
22
I
I
I DISTANCES
I
I
I
I
I 23
.!
I
WEAPONS
I
Type Weapon Used:
Describe:
(firearm, knife, bludgeon, lIgature, etc.)
I
Was the Heapon Brought to the Scene By the Suspect? (yes/no)
I
Was the Weapon Found at the Scene By the Suspect? (yes/no)
Did the Weapon Belong to the victim? (yes/no) I
Was the Weapon Recovered? (yes/no) Where?
I
EVIDENCE I
EVIDENCE COLLECTED
I
?erson Who Collected the Evidence:
Evidence Collected: I
I
I
Are Any Collected Latent Prints Comparable? (yes, no) I
Are They Suitable For Single-Print Search? (yes/no)
I
PHOTOS ICOMPOSITES IDIAGRAMS/MAPS
24
I
I
I
HAIRS/FIBERS
I Samples of Victim's Hair Taken? (yes/no) Color:
Color:
I Foreign Animal Fibers Collected:
(i.e., wool, angora, silk, etc.)
possible SO".rce:
(i.e., insulation, etc.)
I'
FIREARM EVIDENCE
I Caliber:
Lands & Grooves:
Condition:
Direction of Twist:
I
I
SEROLOGY
I
NOT E S / CAS E S U'M MAR Y
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I-
I
I
I 27
~ n",,·'." _",,' __ "_.", " __ ,~,, -... "'.
I
I
I
I
I
I APPE~mJ[X D
I
I
I
I
VIOLENT CRDMUNAN. APPREHENSION PROGRAM
I
I
I
I "··'·"'"
V
"
"
I
I Crime Analysis Report
I
I
I
I
I
I
VICAP NCAVC FBI ACADEMY Quantico, VA 22135 (703) 640-6131
I
i
I HOW TO COMPLETE THE VICAP CRIME ANALYSIS REPORT FORM
VICAP SUBMISSION CRITERIA
I The VICAP Crime Analysis Report form has been designed to collect information regarding the
following types of crimes whether or not the offender has been arrested or identified:
I (1) Solved or unsolved homicides or attempts, especially those that involve an abduction; are apparently
random, motiveless, or sexually oriented; or are known or suspected to be part of a series.
I (2) Missing person, where the circumstances indicate a strong possibility of foul play and the victim is
still missing.
I (3) Unidentified dead bodies, where the manner of death is known or suspected to be homicide.
Cases where the offender has been arrested or identified should be submitted so unsolved cases
I in the VICAP system can be linked to known offenders.
INSTRUCTIONS
I o Use black ink or pencil. Legibly print all written responses.
I (') Unless stated otherwise, check as many boxes as apply for each item.
(:.) If in doubt about how to respond to a given item, be guided by your experience and good judgment. Proof
" If there are details of the case that you feel are important but that do not fit well into the items
I o
provided in the VICAP Crime Analysis Report, describe them in th~ narrative.
If you wish to supplement or correct information previously reported to VICAP, submit a new VICAP Crime
I Analysis Rep,.:-rt but complete only Items 1 through 18, 27 and 36 plus the Item(s) you wish to
supplement or correct. You need not resubmit unchanged items.
For advice or assistance regarding this report or its completion, call VICAP at (703) 640·6131.
I ®
(ill If you are submitting this VICAP Crime Analysis Report in conjunction with a request for a criminal
personality profile evaluation, you must contact the CRIMINAL PROFILE COORDINATOR assigned
I to the FBI Field Division in your area. The CRIMINAL PROFILE COORDINATOR is charged with the
responsibility of assisting you with your request for a criminal personality profile and will advise you of
additional materials that must be submitted in order to evaluate your case properly. He/she will review the
I materials and will submit the entire profile package to the National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime
on your behalf. Do not submit Criminal Personality Profiling case materials directly to ·VICAP.
Only the VICAP Crime Analysis Report should be submitted directly to VICAP.
I If your incident has MULTIPLE VICTIMS, you must complete a separate VICAP Crime Analysis Report
form for each victim. Offender information need not be duplicated.
I If your incident has MULTIPLE OFFENDERS, submit only one complete VICAP Crime Analysis Report
per victim; xerox and attach additional offender page(s) (Items 55 through 84) to each Report as needed.
I
I
ii
Examples: I
1) For tWD (2) victims and one (1) offender, you must complete two (2) VICAP Crime Analysis Report
forms (one for each victim). Do not duplicate the Offender information (Items 55 through 84) in
the second Report.
I
2) For two (2) victims and two (2) offenders, you must complete two (2) VICAP Crime Analysis Report
forms. Victim #1 and offender #1 would go on the first Report form and victim #2 and offender #2
I
would go on the second Report form.
3) For one (1) victim and two (2) offenders, you must complete one (1) VICAP Crime Analysis Report
I
form. The victim and offender #1 would be reported in the body of the VICAP Crime Analysis
Report form, and offender #2 would be reported by copying an additional offender page (Items 55
through 84), completing it, and attaching it to the VICAP Crime Analysis Report.
I
Before submitting the VICAP Crime Analysis Report, make a copy for your records.
I
o Mail all VICAP Crime Analysis Reports, Supplements, and/or Corrections to:
VICAP
National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime
FBI Academy
I
Quantico, VA 22135.
Enclosing Crime Scene Photographs with the VICAP Crime Analysis Report will assist the VICAP staff in the
I
evaluation of the case.
A VICAP Case Number will be assigned to your case when it is processed and will be provided to you as soon
I
as possible. The VICAP Case Number should be referenced in any subsequent correspondence or telephone
communications with VICAP regarding the case. I
The Narrative Summary is intended to provide VICAP Analysts with a general overview of the case. Minute
details of the investigation need not be provided here; the VICAP Crime Analysis Report will capture most
of the detail necessary to complete the analysis. A person unfamiliar with your case, however, should have at
I
least a general idea of what happened after reading your brief narrative.
Examples: I
1) The partially decomposed body of an adult female was discovered in a wooded area of a state pat k,
one-quarter mile from a major state highway. There are indications of sexual assault. Victim died
of gunshot wounds. It appears that the victim was not killed at the body recovery site. The
I
2)
victim's whereabouts prior to her death have not been established.
Female juvenile was last seen at school. Investigation indicates that she was possibly abducted at or
I
near the school while en route home. The victim has not returned nor has her body been
recovered. Investigation indicates that it is unlikely that the victim is a runaway or that she
disappeared of her own accord. This case is strikingly similar to one that occurred .
I
approximately 8 months ago in the same vicinity.
3) The reported offender entered a locked Single-family residence occupied by a man, his wife, and 2
I
infant children. While the offender was gathering property in the residence, the husband con-
fronted the offender. The husband was shot immediately and died. The wife responded after
hearing the gunshot and was physically restrained by the offender. The offender hit her repeatedly
I
with his fists, forced her to commit oral sex, and raped her repeatedly. The wife survived the
attack. The children were not assaulted. The offender left the residence, and a vehicle was heard
to leave the area. Offender arrested during the commission of a burglary in the same neighborhood
I
one week later.
I
PAGE 1
I 1.
I 5. Reporting Agency: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
6. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Addre~s: 7. City: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
8. County: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 9. State: _ __ 10. ZIP: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
I 11.
12.
Reporting Agency's ORl Number: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Reporting Agency's Case Number: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
13. NCIC Number If Victim Is 1) Missing or 2) an Unidentified Dead Body: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
I 2
1 0 Original Submission of This Case
0 Supplement to Previously Submitted Information
I 17.
3 0 Correction of Previously Submitted Information
Investigating Agency's Case Status:
1 0 Open (active investigation) 4 0 Cleared by Arrest
I 2 0 Suspended (inactive investigation) 5 0 Exceptionally Cleared (by UCR
definition)
3 0 Open - - Arrest Warrent Issued
I
18. This VICAP Crime Analysis Report Pertaim to the Following Type Case (check one only):
I 1
2
0 Murder or Attempted Murder - - Victim Identified (go to Item 19)
0 Unidentified Dead Body Where Manner of Death Is Known or Suspected to Be
Homicide (go to Item 19)
I 3 0 Kidnapping or Missing Person with Evidence of Foul Play (victim still missing)
(go to Item 20)
19. Based on Your Experience and the Results of the Investigation of This Case, Do You
2 0 No
I 20. There Is an Indication That
1 0 Yes 2
Thi~
0 No
Case Is Related to Organized Drug Trafficking:
99 0 Unable to Determine
I Date
Military
Time Exact
Approx-
imate
I
22. Victim Last Seen:
--'--'--'
(mo) (da) (yr)
-. -- 0 0
I
II. VICTIM INFORMATION
PAGE 21
25. This Is Victim _ _ of _ _ Victim(s) in This Incident.
(number) (total)
I
26. Status of This Victim:
1 0 Deceased (as result of this incident)
2 0 Survivor of Attack
3 0 Missing
I
27. Name:
28.
(last, first, middle)
I PAGE 3
If your victim is either a missing person or an unidentified dead body, respond to Items 44 through 48.
I 3 0 Broken or Chipped
4 0 Crooked
7
8
0
0
Some or All Missing
Stained
99 0 Unknown
I 1 0 None
2 0 Prescription
3 0 Contacts
6
7
8
0
0
0
Metal Frame
Rimless
Other (describe): _ _ _ _ _ __
4 0 Bifocals
99
0 Other (describe): _ __
0 Unknown
I 1 0 Initials or Words
2 0 Number(s)
3 0 Picture(s) or Design(s)
4
99
0 Other (specify):
0 Unknown
I 49. Victim Have Outstanding Physical Features (crossed eyes, noticeable limp, physical
deformity, etc.)? (Do not repeat information reported in Items 44 through 48, above.)
I 1 0 Yes (describe): _ __
2 ONo
99 0 Unknown
I 50. Generally Preferred Clothing Style (this item deals with general style of dress typically preferred by
the victim, not a detailed clothing description):
1 0 Business Suit 6 0 Work Clothes or
I 2 0 Casual
3 0 Gaudy or Garish
Uniform
88 o Other (describe): _ _ _ _ _ __
4 0 Sport or Athletic
99 o Unknown
I 51.
5 0 W estem Wear
Generally Preferred Predominant Color Tone of Clothing
(check one only):
1 0 \Nhites 4 0 Blues 7 0 BrownsfTans
I 2 0 Yellows
3 [J Greens
5 0 Purples/Violets
6 0 Reds/Oranges
8 0 GrayslBlacks
52. If This Victim Is a Missing Person or Unidentified Dead, Give a Detailed Description of Clothing:
I
I 53. Victim's Residence (check one only):
1 0 Single-Family Dwelling 4 0 Motor V chicle
I 54.
2 0 Multi-Family Dwelling
3 0 Temporary or Transient Housing
5 0 Street
99 C Unknown
Current Occupation(s): 1) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
2) ____________________________________________
I
PAGE 4
56.
This Is Offender -,---~-c-- of _ _ Offender(s) in This Incident.
(number) (total)
The Offender Is (check one only):
I
I
1 0 Unknown--Not Seen (go to Item 85)
2 0 Unknown--Seen
3 0 Identified (named)--Not in Custody
4 0 In Custody
5 0 Deceased
I
57. Name:
(last, first, middle) I
58. Alias(es) (including maiden name and prior married names):
I
~
59.
62.
Resident City:
63.
61.
FBI Number:
ZIP:
I
64. Sex:
I
1 o Male 2 o Female 99 [J Unknown
65. Race:
1 o Black 3 o Hispanic 5 o Other I
2 o Caucasian 4 o Oriental/Asian 99 o Unknown
66. Date of Birth:
99 0 Unknown
__I __I __
(mo) I (da) I (yr) I
67. Age (or best estimate) at Time of Incident:
99 0 Unknown (years) I
68. Height (or best estimate): ___ feet _ _ inches (to ___ feet _ _ inches)
69.
99 0 Unknown
Build (check one only):
I
1 o Small (thin) 3 o Large (stocky)
2 o Medium (average)
70. Hair Length (check one only):
99 o Unknown
I
1 o Bald or Shaved 4 o Shoulder Length
2 o Shorter Than Collar Length
3 o Collar Length
5
99
o Longer Than Shoulder Length
o Unknown I
71. Hair Shade (check one only):
1 o Light
2 o Dark
3
99
o
o
Neither 1 or 2 Above
Unknown I
72. Predominant Hair Color (check one only):
1
2
3
o
o
o
Gray and/or White
Blond
Red
5
6
99
o Black
o Other
o Unknown
I
4 o Brown
I
I
PAGES
I 79. Other Outstanding Physical Features of the Offender Not Reported Above
(crossed eyes, noticeable limp, physical deformity, etc.):
I 1 0 Yes (describe): _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
2 ONo
99 OUnknown
I
IV. IDENTIFIED OFFENDER INFORMATICl'J
I If you have an offender in custody or identified in this case, complete Items 80 through 84.
Otherwise, go to Item 85.
I 80. Cities and States of Residence during Last 5 Years (exclude current city of residence):
1) 3)
I 81.
2) 4)
List the States the Offender Has Visited during Last 5 Years (attach separate sheet if necessary):
1) 3)
I 2) 4)
I 1)
2)
3)
4)
I 83. Offender Was in Possession of Property of Others (check all that apply):
1 0 Body Parts 4 0 Jewelry
I 2 0 Clothing
3 0 Credit Card(s), Checks, or other
I.D ..
5 0 Photo(s)
88 0 Other (specify): _ _ _ _ __
I
I
v. VEI-IICLE DESCRIPTION
91.
License Number: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
93. Model:
I
94. Body
1 0
2 0
Style:
Passenger Car
Van
6
88
0 Motorcycle
0 Other (specify): _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
I
3 0 Pick-up Truck
4 0
5 0
"Jeep" Type (Le., Bronco, Blazer, etc.)
Tractor-Trailer
99 0 Unknown
I
95. Color:
(top) (bottom) I
VI. OFFENSE M. O.
I
96. The Victim or a Witness Reported That the Offender's Approach to Victim Was:
1 0 No Living Victim or Person Witnessed the Offender's Approach to Victim
(go to Item 100)
I
2 0 By Deception or Con: Openly, with Subterfuge or Ploy (e.g., offers assistance or requests
direction) (go to Item 97 and then go to Item 100)
3 0 By Surprise: Lay in Wait or Stepped from Concealment
I
(go to Item 98 and then go to Item 100)
4 0 By "Blitz": Direct and Immediate Physical Assault (go to Item 99)
97. If the Offender Initiated Contact with the Victim by Means of Deception, Indicate the Type of
I
Deception Below:
1 0 Posed as Authority Figure
2 0 Posed as Business Person
3 0 Asked Victim to Model or Pose for
7 0 Asked for or Offered Assistance
8 0 Caused or Staged Traffic Accident
9 0 Phony Police Traffic Stop
I
Photos 10 0 Solicitation for Sex
4 0 Offered Job, Money, Treats, or Toys
5 0 Implied Family Emergency or Illness
6 0 Wanted to Show (something)
11 0 Offered Ride or Transportation
12 0 Other Deception I
98. If the Offender Initiated Contact with the Victim by Means of Surprise, Indicate the Type of
Surprise Below:
I
1 0 Lay in Wait--Out of Doors 4 0 Victim Sleeping
2 0 Lay in Wait--In Building
3 0 Lay in Wait--In Vehicle
5 0 9ther Surprise
I
I
PAGE 7
I 99. If the Offender Initiated Contact with the Victim by Direct and Immediate Physical Assault,
Indicate the Type of Direct and Immediate Physical Assault Below:
I Clubbing Weapon
I
100. Last Known Location of Identified Victim or Location of Unidentified Dead Body Recovery Site:
a. 0 City of (if within incorporated city, town, etc.)
I 1 0 Rural
2 0 Suburban
3 0 Urban
99 0 Unknown
102. The Neighborhood of the Body Recovery Site Is Predominantly (check one only):
I 4 0 On a Public Street
5 0 In a Vice Area
6 0 A Densely Wooded Area
88 0
99 0
Other (specify): _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Unknown
I 1 0 Yes 2 0 No
I Immediate Area
MURDER OR MAJOR ASSAULT SITE
99 0 Unknown
107. Was the Murder or Major Assault Site the Same as the Body Recovery Site?
1 0 Yes (go to Item 113) 2 0 No or Unknown
I 108. Description of General Area of Murder or Major Assault Site (check one only):
1 0 Rural 3 0 Urban
2 0 Suburban 99 0 Unknown
I 109. The Neighborhood of Murder or Major Assault Site Is Predominantly (check one only):
1 0 Business, Industrial, or Commercial 4 0 Uninhabited or Wilderness
2 0 Farm or Agricultural 99 0 Unknown
I 3 0 Residential
110. The Murder or Major Assault Site Was (check as many as apply):
1 0 Any Residence 7 0 In an Open Field
I
PAGES
vt OFFENSE M. O. (cont.)
111. The Murder or Major Assault Site Was Victim's Residence:
I
I
1 0 Yes 2 0 No 99 0 Unknown
112. The Murder or Major Assault Site Was Victim's Work Place:
1 0 Yes 2 0 No 99 0 Unknown
115. Description of General Area of Initial Offender-Victim Contact (check one only):
I
1 0 Rural 3 0 Urban
2 0 Suburban 99 0 Unknown
116. The Neighborhood of Initial Offender-Victim Contact Is Predominantly (check one only):
I
1 0 Business, Industrial, or Commercial 4 0 Uninhabited or Wilderness
2 0 Farm or Agricultural
3 0 Residential
99 0 Unknown
I
117. The Initial Offender-Victim Contact Was (check as many as apply):
1 0 Any Residence
2 0 At or Near a School or Playground
3 0 In a Retail Shopping District
7 0 In an Open Field
8 0 In a Vehicle
9 0 On Public Transportation
I
I
4 0 On a Public Street 88 0 Other (specify): _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
5 0 In a Vice Area
6 0 A Densely Wooded Area 99 0 Unknown
I 126. The Victim's Last Known Location Was Victim's Work Place:
1 0 Yes 2 0 No 99 0 Unknown
I 127. There Is Evidence That the Offender Disabled the Telephone, Other Utilities, or Security Devices:
1 0 Yes 2 0 No 99 0 Unknown
I 128. The Property at the Crime Scene(s) Was Ransacked, Vandalized, or Burned:
1 0 Yes 2 0 No 99 0 Unknown
I 129. There Are Indications That the Offender Took Steps to Obliterate or Destroy EviG~nce at the
Scene:
1 0 Yes 2 0 No 99 0 Unknown
I 3 0 Lipstick
I 134. Was There Evidence to Suggest a Deliberate or Unusual RituallActrrhing Had Been Performed on,
with, or near the Victim (such as an orderly formation of rocks, burnt candles, dead animals,
I
defecation, etc.)?
1 0 Yes (describe): 2 0 No
99 0 Unknown
I Item 135 deals with communications initiated by the offender with respect to the crime.
Examples would be: an offender sending a letter or tape recording to the police or media
claiming responsibility for the crime; a ransom note; or a suspicious communication received by
I the victim prior to the crime. (This item does not refer to conversation between the offender
and victim during commission of the crime.)
I 135. Was There Any Communication from the Offender Before or After the Crime?
1 0 Yes (enclose a copy or synopsis
of the communication)
2 0 No
99 0 Unknown
I
I
I
I
VII. CONDITION OF VICTIM WHEN FOUND
PAGE 10 I
136. There Is Reason to Believe the Offender Moved the Body from the Area of the Death Site to the
Area of the Body Recovery Site:
1 0 Yes 2 0 No 3 0 Unable to Determine
I
137. Evidence Suggests the Offender Disposed of the Body in the Following Manner:
1 0 Openly Displayed or Otherwise
Placed to Insure Discovery
3 0 With an Apparent Lack of
Concern as to Whether or Not the
I
2 0 Concealed, Hidden, or Otherwise Body Was Discovered
Placed in Order to Prevent Discovery 99 0 Unable to Determine
138. It Appears the Body of the Victim Was Intentionally Placed in an Unnatural or Unusual Position
I
after Death Had Occurred (e.g., staged or posed):
1 0 Yes
139. Body Was Discovered ...
2 0 No 3 0 Unable to Determine
I
1 0 Buried 5 0 In a Container (e.g., dumpster, box
2 0 Covered
3 0 In a Body of Water (stream, lake, river,
etc.)
6
7
refrigerator)
0 In a Vehicle
0 Scattered (body parts)
I
4 0 In a Building 8
140. If the Body Was Discovered in Water, Was It Weighted?
1 0 Yes - - With What? 2 0 No
0 None of the Above
I
141. Was the Victim Bound?
I
1 0 Yes 2 0 No (go to Item 146)
I
I 150. Clothing on Victim When Found:
1 0 Fully Dressed
2 0 Partially Undressed
3
88
0 Nude
0 Other (specify): _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
152. There Is Evidence to Suggest That Any or All of the Victim's Clothing had been Ripped or Torn:
153. Th.ere Is Evidence to SUlnest That Any or All of the Victim's Clothing had been Cut from the Body:
1 0 Yes 2 0 No 3 0 Unable to Determine
I 154. Items of the Victim's Clothing Were Missing from the Body Recovery Site:
1 0 Yes (identify): 2 0 No
I 99 0 Unknown
155. Victim's Clothing (not on the body) Recovered at the Body Recovery Site Was:
1 0 Piled Neatly 3 0 Hidden
156. Based on the Investigation, There Is Evidence to Suggest That the Offender Took Small Personal
Items (other than clothing) From the Victim (these items mayor may not be valuable, e.g., photos,
I driver's license, real or costume jewelry, etc.):
1 0 Yes (specify): 2 0 No
99 0 Unknown
I 3 0 Moderate (injury inflicted which in itself could not have caused death)
4 0 Severe (injury which in itself could have caused -death, whether it was the cause of
death or not)
5 0 Extreme (injury inflicted beyond that necessary for death. Overkill)
I
VIII. CAUSE OF DEATH AND/OR TRAUMA (cont.)
PAGE 12 I
160. Estimated Number of Stab Wounds: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
171. Type
2 ·0 No (go to Item 178)
I
I
PAGE 13
I 1 0 Vagina _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
2 oPenis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
4 0 Mouth ________________
88 DOther _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
3 0 Anus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
I 177. There Is Evidence of Sexual Insertion of Foreign Object(s) into Victim's Body, but the Object Was
Not In The Body When the Body Was First Discovered:
1 0 Yes - - into _____ -;;---;-_---;-:--._ _ _ _ __
I 2 0 No
3 0 Unable to Determine
(describe object) '(body cavity)
I 183. Number of Grooves and Direction of Twist of Recovered Bullet or Firearm: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___
184. Size of Shotgun Shell Pellets Recovered or Used: _____________________
I
--- ----~~--
PAGE 14
x. REQUEST FOR PROFILE
I
187. Is This VICAP Crime Analysis Report Being Submitted in Conjunction with a Request for a
Criminal Profile Evaluation?
1 0 Yes (see note below) 2 0 No
NOTE: If this VICAP Crime Analysis Report is being submitted in conjunction with a request for a
I
Criminal Personality Profile evaluation, you must contact the CRIMINAL PROFILE COOR·
Dl1'3ATOR assigned to the FBI Field Division in your area. The CRIMINAL PROFILE
COORDINATOR is charged with the responsibility of assisting you with your request for a
criminal personality profile and will advise you of additional materials that must be submitted
I
in order to properly evaluate your case. He/she will review the materials and will submit the
entire profile package to the National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime on your
behalf. Do not submit Criminal Profiling case materials directly to VICAP. Only the VICAP
Crime Analysis Report should be submitted directly to VICAP.
I
XI. OTHER RELATED CASES
I
188. Are You Aware of Any Other Cases Which May Be Related to This One or In Which
This Offender May Have Been Involved?
1 0 Yes (provide details below) 2 0 No
I
If Yes, List the Agency Name, State, Case Number, Investigator, and Phone Number of the
Investigating Agency: I
Agency Name State Case No. Investigator Phone No.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
PAGE 15
I
XII. NARRATIVE SUMMARY
I 189. Give a BRIEF Narrative Summary of This Case So the Reader Will Have a General Overview
of the Case, the Details, the Most Unusual Characteristics, and the Sequence of Events. Also
Include Any Details of This Case You Feel Are Important, But That Have Not Previously
Been Addressed (see examples of Narrative Summaries in the Instructions):
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I APPENDIX E
I The Special Crimes Unit of the City of Amarillo, Potter County and
Randall County has been created to facilitate the expertise of highly
I skilled law enforcement officers from those political subdivisions of
I Texas for crimes that occur in Potter or Randall Counties, Texas, with
the least possible duplication of effort and with a maximum of focus of
I cY'ime detection abilities from all of the member entities upon commis-
sion of any crime or crimes of special gravity within its area of
I authority. Because of the increasing expense of producing skilled law
I remain in full force and effect throughout the entire existence of this
Organization or' until amended and/or supplemented in the manner hereinafter
I expressed.
I
I
I
I
I
I ARTICLE I
MEMBERSHIP
I The following agencies are members of the Special Crimes Unit:
I (4)
(5)
47th District Attorney's Office
Amari 11 0 Ci ty Police Department
I ARTICLE II
I BOARD OF DIRECTORS
I (1)
(2)
Shpti ff of Randa 11 County, Texas;
Criminal District Attorney of Randall County, Texas; ,
I (3) Sheriff of Potter County, Texas;
(4) 47th District Attorney of Potter County, Texas; and
I (5) Chief of Police, Amarillo, Texas.
I ARTICLE I II
MEANS OF AMENDMENT
I
These By-laws and Articles of Operation may be effectively amended
I and/or supplemented at any regular or special called meeting called for
that purpose, but any such amendment shall require a 2/3 majority vote of
Board of Directors then in office.
I A copy of these By-laws and Articles of Operation must be maintained
at all times at the main office of the Unit.
I
I
-----------~~-~~-~~-~
I
ARTICLE IV
COMMANDER OF THE UNIT--CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD
I
All executive duties incumbent upon the Unit shall be carried out by
I
a Commander, who shall have the title "Commander of ~he Special Crimes
Uni til and who sha 11 be appoi nted annua 11 y by a major; ty vote of the
Board of Directors of the Unit in a meeting called for that purpose in the I
month of January of each calendar year.
The IIChai rman of the Board of Di rectors" sha 11 be appoi nted annually
from among the membership of the Board of Directors by a majority vote of
I
that B0ard, and shall preside over all meetings of the Board of Directors.
I
ARTICLE V
LOCATION OF UNIT I
The Special Crimes Unit shall be located in a neutral location.
shall not be housed in any building occupied by a member agency.
It I
ARTICLE VI
I
JURISDICTION
I
A. GENERAL PROVISIONS:
The Jurisdiction of the Unit shall include all criminal offenses
I
involving a homicide or questionable death occurring in Randall and
Potter Counties and any other criminal offenses where jurisdiction is
invoked according to the provisions herein.
I
B. HOW INVOKED:
(1) BY UNIT COMMANDER: The Unit Commander, or his appointed
I
Second in Command, may invoke jurisdiction of the Unit for offenses
that do not involve a homicide or questionable death occurring within
Potter County only with the consent, in writing or by telephone, of
I
at least three Board Members. The Unit Commander, or his appointed
Second in Command, must make a good faith effort to contact each
Board Member when seeking consent.
I
(2) BY BOARD MEMBER: A Board Member may request jurisdiction
of the Unit be invoked in an offense occurring within his jurisdiction
that does not involve a homicide or questionable death by contacting
I
the Unit Commander, or his appointed Second in Command. Jurisdiction
shall be invoked only as provided in subparagraph B(l). I
I
I
I
I (3) OFFENSES OCCURRING OUTSIDE THE JURISDICTION OF POTTER OR
RANDALL COUNTIES: Jurisdiction may not be invoked for the Unit unless
the unanimous approval of all Board Members is given in writing or by
I telephone. Consent of Board Members that are absent from Potter or
Randall Counties and cannot be located by the Unit Commander is not
required for these limited purposes.
I ARTICLE VII
I CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS
I B. REPORTS:
In every case in which jurisdiction is assumed by the Unit, a report
I of the case shall be prepared and delivered in writing to each member of
the Board of Directors for its consideration regarding assignment or
local retention of jurisdiction. In every case, if the Board of Directors,
by majority vote, should elect to do so, it shall have the power to over-
I ride the decision of the Commander of the Unit and elect to activate the
Unit in the investigation of such a crime, or in the alternative to return
the investigation of the crime to the law enforcement agency or agencies
I in which same occurred.
C. UNIT IN CHARGE OF INVESTIGATION:
!, I Each member agrees that once the Unit assumes jurisdiction, the Unit
shall be in absolute control of the investigation of the offense.
I ARTICLE VI II
i I FORMATION OF UNIT LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL
I Crimes over which the Unit shall hereafter invoke jurisdiction shall be
investigated by the law enforcement members of the Unit only, and they shall
be selected and made members of the Unit in the following manner:
I
I
I
1. Each member agency that is a party hereto shall select and
furnish written notice of at least one prospective member for the SPECIAL
CRIMES UNIT to the CO~~ANDER of the SPECIAL CRIMES UNIT.
I
2. Upon receipt of such notice so furnished, the Commander of the
Unit shall examine the list of recommendees and shall make any and all
I
investigations he deems appropriate or necessary in determining the relative
qualifications of those named, including access to the personnel file of all
candidates and recommendees. The Commander shall then select a minimum of at I
least one member or alternate member of the Unit from each of the participating
member agencies.
3. Appointments of members shall be first made with the advice and
I
consent of the Board of Directors, and only after a majority of the Board of
Directors has confirmed the Unit Commander's appointment shall such appoint-
ment be official.
I
4. Each member appointed to the Unit will be assigned full time by
the member agency unless his appointment is as an alternate. Permission for I
leave from full time assignment must be given by the Unit Commander.
5. Each member assigned to the Unit shall be provided an automobile
and radio by the member law enforcement agency at the time of his assignment.
I
ARTICLE IX
I
WITHDRAWAL OF MEMBERS OF UNIT
I
Agencies may not withdraw a member or alternate member assigned to the
Special Crimes Unit without given written notice to each Board Member at
least 30 days prior to the time the member is withdrawn. Names of recom-
I
mended replacements must be provided in this same notice letter.
I
ARTICLE X
CHAIN OF COMMAND I
The Uni t Commander sha 11 be di rectly t'esponsi b1e to the Board of
Directors.
I
Every member of the Unit shall be subject to the orders and commands
of and the direction of the Unit Commander. I
In order to permit continuity of proper chain of command, the Board
of Directors shall appoint a member of the Unit who shall be Second in
Command.
I
I
I
I
I
I ARTICLE XI
DISPUTES NOT COVERED BY THE BY-LAWS
I In the event that a dispute should arise that is not covered by any pro-
vision of these By-laws, the person in command under the provisions hereof
I shall forthwith contact in person or by phone all available members of the
Board of Directors and obtain a consensus or a majority determination from
them which shall govern in the decision as to what action should be taken,
I and he shall, thereupon, take the action thus determined.
I ARTICLE XII
PREPARATION AND ADOPTION OF ANNUAL BUDGETS
I Every year during existence of this Unit it shall be one of the specific
duties of the Commander to prepare the proposed budget for the next ensuing
I fiscal or calendar year (depending upon the measurement adopted by the Board
of Directors for the year).
I The Commander shall prepare the proposed budget and submit same to the
Chairman of the Board of Directors for presentation to the Board. The budget
shall be so submitted by the Unit Commander by March 1.
I ARTICLE XIV
I UNIT MEETINGS
I
I
A special called meeting may be held by order of a majority of the
Board of Directors at any time and place in any of the territory covered I
by the Unit on 24 hours prior oral notice.
ARTICLE XV
I
REPORTS OF INVESTIGATIONS I
The Commander shall furnish to every Board of Director of the
jurisdiction where the offense occurred detailed, written reports on
every investigation conducted by the Unit, but shall not be required to
I
furnish such reports to the Sheriff, Chief of Police, or Attorney in whose
territory the crime did not occur or cannot be prosecuted. The Unit
Commander shall provide general progress reports that show the nature of
I
the offense and the status of the case to members outside the jurisdiction
where the offense occurred. All reports shall be maintained in a con-
fidential manner and are only to be used in law enforcement. I
The Commander shall prepare a year-end report of the Unit each
January and shall present the report in writing to each Board member. I
ARTICLE XVI I
i,
PROPERTY OWNERSHIP AND ACQUISITION
I
The necessary equipment, property, supplies, and furnishings shall be
furnished by the respective agencies in order to commence business and
functioning in the proper manner. Every item of furniture or furnishings
furnished by any member agency shall be, and remain, the property of the
I
furnishing agency.
Th~ Unit Commander shall keep a list and file a yearly report with
I
~he Board of Directors concerning the description, location and ownership
of such property. This list should be maintained by the Unit Commander in
~he Unit's main office at all times.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I CONSIDERED, PASSED, AND APPROVED by the Board of Directors this
the day of , 1984, to evidence which the members
I of the'Board and the Commander of the Unit have hereunto affixed
their signatures.
I
I criminal District Attorney of Randall County
I
Sheriff of Potter County
I
I Chief of Police, City of Amarillo
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I-
I
APPENDIX F
I EMERGENCV FU~DI~G lEGISLATIO~
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
,I
'I
I
I
.1
.1
..
--- ---------------
Div.3 ADIIIlNISTHATION OF JUSTICE ~ 15201 § 15201 DEPARTMENT OF JUS'l'ICE Title 2
Trial cost shaH also include all pretrials, hearings, and postconviction
Chapter 3 proceedings, if any.
(Added by Slats.Hl6l, c. 2115, p. 4376, § 1. Amended by SlaLq.l971, c.
ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE 1689, p. 3625, § I, err. Dec. 10, 1971.)
Sec.
15200. L<>l!'i~lative
intention. Historical Note
15201. COl'ts incurred by county defined. All n,I.lcr) ill 1001, the flectiQII Ten,l: "AH c'urrl"41 fly thr. ('",lIlty in rOJJl1(\~tion with
15202. Homicide trial; reimbursement for expenseI'; duration of sec· u"t?u in this chBllter. 'coRtR illcurrctl by IIle trinl itlf'hulinJ,:' "'ittll'EHC fceK RlIIl ex·
th~ coullty' menn nil CO!lItH iucurrctI by IICntlt'R, reporter fees, aud cORta in prellOr·
tion. the county fn the trint or trinl2( or n IIf'T- illg transcrirltH:'
15202. Homicide trial; reimbursement for expenseI'. !;Oll (or tlte OfrcnRC DC homicide, including
'rhe 1011 nfllt"wlmcnt re-wrote the Bec·
CONIR inc'l,rrp,J lIy the diHtrif!t nltornry in
15203. Determination by director of finance; payment. im'PNth:ntiol) nUll "TUflp.curion. hy the Mher· tiun to renll 08 It lIOW til'IH:DrB.
15203. Dctermit1l\tion by slate controller; payment. irC in io\OcstigaLion. Bod all olher eoatH in·
15204. Rules and regulations.
Cross Reference.
Ohapter:1 added by Stats.1961, c. 2115, p. 4375, § 1.
Homicide, Bee Penal Code! 187 et Req.
For text of section operative until July 1, 1981, see Library References
§ 15202, ante. Conl~ <0=>324. C.J.B. Coola II 400, 4BO.
..
708
-----
-------------------
TItlALS-II0I\UClUES-REIMllURSEMENT OF COSTS
t983-19114 REGULAIt SESSION Ch, 1469
Assembly Bill No. 1813 m0!lcy derived by the county from a tax of 0.0Q.625 of 1 percent of
the fuJI value of property us;essed for purposes of taxation within the
county. . .
CHAPTER 1469 iliLb_~ounty with a P:QP.ul!.ltion ell~'OOO lit the time of
the 1980 decennial c~nsus which is responsible for the cost of a trial
An acl to amend and repeal Section 15202 of the. Government or tril!b..Q[ lll1y_h~!!.rj!,&..pLI!...R!!HOtl.foLth!LQf(~nse of homicide mav
Code, relating to trials. !!I?plYJ'p...~®...gQ!!~~!J1J~t:fo[...L~!!J:I_~E!~!!!t1en.LQ[8Q p.c..!£EmLofJ..1J.e costs
in~urre!1..!?Y..th~!!_Q!!!!!Y In ~~~s!. q.rJ..h~J!I]lQ.I!!JLoLm..on!!v...9~rived bv
IApproved by Governor S<-plember 25, 1984. "'iled with the .£9.!m~Yltom II till( of 0"QQ.6~ of 1~~1l.t.,1ill9 not in excess of the
Sccretury oC Stute September .26,.l~·1 .. , !!.l!!oJ!I)!J1Lmoney derivllQ fn?!1l a tax of 0.012lL~rcent. and for
reimbu!serru;nt of 19Q.~rc!lQLof the costsj!!~urred in excess of the
L":GISLATlV";' COUNSm;S DlG":'iT amount of money derived from a tax of 0.0125 percent, of the full
AS 1813, Condit.' Homicide trials. value of property ussessed for purposes of taxation within the county.
Under existing Jaw, counties may receive reimbursements in l£l The Controller shnll not reimburse any county for costs that
excess of a specified amount for costs of homicide trials. exceed thcVstandards for trllvel lind per diem expenses set forth in
This bill would authorize additional reimbursement, us specified, Sections 700 to 715, nnd 718, of Title 2 ofthe California Administrativc
with the amount depending upon whether or not the county has a Code. The Controller may reimburse extraordinary costs in unusual
specified population. . cases If the county provides sufficient justification of the need for
This bill would direct the Office ·of Planning and Research to such expenditures. . . .
undertake a study, in cooperation with, among others, the (d) The Le~slature recognizes that the conduct of trials for
. Legislative Analyst and the defense bar, concerning this provision for persons accuse of homicide should not be hampered or delay(,(l
reimbursement, and to report to the Governor and the Legislature because of II lack of funds available to the counties for that purposc.
no later than July I, 1987. ' . While this section is intended to provide an equitable basis for
This bill would be repealcd' on January I, 1989. unless a latcr determinin the allocation to the state of the costs of homicide trials
stlltutC, enacted before that date. deletcs or extends that date. in an articu ar count t e Tisin costs of those tria s necessitate an
objectiv~ study to assure. reasonable financial rcstraints un
The people of the Stute of CJJliforniu do enact us. follows:. incentives for cost-effectiveness that do not place an unreasonable
burden on the treasury of the smaller counties.
SECTION 1. Scction 15202 of the Government Code is amcndcd In order to assist the Governor and the Le islature in makin that
to read: . determination, teO Ice of Panning an Researc 1, in coopcration
15202.. .w A county with uopulation of 300,000 or less, at the ~!h the Legislative Analyst, state and local agencies, rcpresentath'es
time of the 1980 dcccnnial census. which is responsible for the cost of law cnforcemcnt and the defense bar, and other public officials,
of II trial or trials or any hearing of a. person for the offense of shall undertake a study of the effectiveness of this section wilh :egard
homicide may apply to the Controller for reimbursement of 90 to those concerns, and, no later than ul '1,1987, shall submit arc ort
perccnt of the costs incurrcd by the county for cach such trilll or to' the Governor and to the Legis ature wit its III ings an 1lJ1Y
hcaring. without rcgard to fiscal year, in excess of the amount o~ recommendations for amendment of this section .
. SEC. 2. Section 1 of this act applies to any case in which a linnl
~. judgmcnt was not entered prior to January I, 1985. Scction 1 shall
~ J~~~"r~ 740 Chang •• or addition. in text or. indicoted by ~ remain in effect only until January I, 1989. and as of that datI.' is
repealed, unless a later enacted statute. which is enacted before
January I, 1989, deletes or extends that date. If thnt date is not
delcted or extcnded, then, on and after January 1. 1989, pursuant to
Section 9611 of the Government Code, Scction 15202 of the
Governmcnt Code, as amendcd by Section 46 of Chapter 323 the
Statutes of 1983, shall have the same force and effect as if this
temporary provision had not been enacted.
------------- -----
--204
liB
I
-I
I
I
,I
"
~I APPEtaDIX G
~I TXP SHEETS
I
I-
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I ~r~c~:::~ilf:EET
CARD-----FILE
KING COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY C~
GREEN RIVER TASK FORCE TIP SHEET
PRIORITY
A B I c
·~}·Y.~i~:f.I.:.:tNF.9:R~~.f.I@.:Jl~l~ljljljl~ljl~ljljl~l~lmljljl~l~l;lt;f:~~'Kr:@':::~:~~'Rr)HJBXr}~:~~:::~tjltj~jllljllljllllljllljllljltjllllllljljljljltjtjljlllll~ljtjljljllljljljl~tlllllljljljljljljllll.
I LAST NAME
NICKNAME OR ALIAS
. FIRST NAMF. HIODLE NAME ceN
soc. SEC.
B/A
FILE NUMBER
I HOME ADDRESS
OLD ADDRESS(ES)
STATE IZIP HOME PHONE
GLASSES
FBI'
FACIAL HAIR
RACE I ISEX D.O.B. PLACE OF BIRTH AGE HEIGHT II/EIGHT HAIR EYES IBUILD ICOMPL
I DR. LIC. , I STATE VEH. YR., MAKE MODEL COLOR(S) BODY STYLE
I
I
I DO NOT CONTINUE BELOW! If additional space is needed, use Form C-102 (Additional Information Sheet)
I
I LAST NAME
EYES OCCUPATION/EMPLOYER
A.K.A.s
I ADDRESS
CCN B/A
ZIP
I
I
I
I
RE~EIVEO BY
I DATE I TIME
COMPUTER CHECK BY DATE I TIME
I SUSPENSE DATE
WACIC
NCIC
~:«::::::::i:::i8?':8::;:;:;:;:;:~\:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:::::;:::;:;:;:;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::!!!!:::.....-::::::::::::::::~~!§::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.-::::::::::::::::::
KCDPS B-176 11/84
I
'.
i PRIORITY EVALUATION
White -MASTER
Yellow~WORKSHEET
Card -FILE -Low IMedium IHigh
I i
I
SUBJECT TIP NO. INFORMANT TIP NO.
Name:Last First Middle Name: Last First Middle
I
tJ
Born Ht. Wt. Eyes Hair
Veh. Make Style Color Yr. Lie. No. Hc:"e Phone .I Office Phona
Associates
I
INFORMATION REFERENCE SUBJECT
0 I
Yes No Yes No Yes No
Criminal Record Obtained (lB) .. 0 0 Sex Motivated Crime File Check 0 0 Handwriting Specimen Obtained 0
Record Section Checked ...... 0 0 I ntelligence Check . . . . . . . . . 0 0 Hair Specimen Obtained .... 0 0
Photo Available ............ 0 0 Operator's License Check .... 0 0 Written Statement Obtained :. 0 0
0 I
LEIN Checked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 Fingerprints Obtained . . . . . . . 0 0 Recorded Statement Obtained. 0 0
Gun File Check ............ 0 0 Palmprints Obtained . . . . . . . . 0 0 Updated Photo Obt3inud .... 0
DETAILS OF TIP
I
REPORT
I
I
. I
I
I
I
I
Received by Date Time
o Subject Not Cleared
Assigned to Date Time
Subject Cleared by:
I
I
I
I
I
I SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
II
I .
I
I
I
I BIBLIOGRAPHY
I Angelella, M. (1979).
American Library.
Trail of blood: A true story. New York: New
I
I
I
Brooks, P. R. (1982). Ine investigative consultant team: A new approach for
law enforcement cooperation. Washington, D.C.: Police Executive
I
Research Forum.
Brooks, P. R., Devine, M. J., Green, T. J., Hart, B. L. Moore, M. D. (1987,
I
June). Serial murder: A criminal justice response. Police Chief, LIV
(6), 37, 41, 42, 37-45. I
Burn, G. (1984). Somebody's husband, somebody's son. London: Pan
Books/William Hienemann, Ltd. '
Cahill, T., & Ewing, R. (1986). Buried dreams. New York: Bantom Books.
I
Capote, T. (1965). In cold blood. New York: New American Library. I
Carpozi, G., Jr. (1977) Son of Sam: The .44 caliber
, killer. New York:
Manor Books.
I
Cheney, M. (1976). The co-ed killer. New York: Walker.
Cleckley, H. (1964). The mask of sanity, (4th Edition).
Missouri: C. V. Mosby, Co.
St. Louis, I
Colton, K. W. (1978).
Lexington Books.
Police computer technology. Lexington, Mass.: I
Copeland, A. R. (1985, March). Homicide in childhood.
Forensic Medicine and Pathology, ~(1).
American Journal of
I
Daly, M. and Wilson, M. (1982). Homicide and kinship. American
Anthropologist, 84. I
Damore, L. (1981). In his garden: The anatomy of a murderer. New York:
Arbor House. I
Danto, B. L., Bruhns, J., & Kutcher, A. H. (eds.). (1982). The human side of
homicide. New York: Columbia University Press.
Darrach, B., & Norris, J. (1984). An American tragedy. Life Magazine, I
I
(8), pp. 58-74.
Deadman, H. A. (1984, May). Fiber evidence and the Wayne Williams trial.
I
FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin.
Deakin, T. J. (Ed.). (1985, August). Violent crime [Special Issue]. FBI Law I
Enforcement Bulletin, 54(8).
de River, J. P. (1958).
Charles C. Thomas.
Crime and the sexual psychopath. Springfield, Ill.: I
Egger, S. A. (1984, September). A working definition of serial murder and
the reduction of linkage blindness. Journal of Police Science and
I
Administration,1£ (3), 348-357.
FBI. (1986, December). VICAP. W.D.C. Law Enforcement Bulletin.
I
I
I
I Frank, G. (1966).
library.
The Boston strangler. New York: The New American
I Franklin, C. (1965).
Publishing Co.
The world1s worst murderers. New York: Taplinger
I Geberth, V. J.
Elsevier.
(1983). Practical homicide investigation. New York:
Godwin, J. (1978). Murder USA: The ways we kill each other. New York:
I Ballantine Books.
Gollmar, Judge R. H. (1981). Edward Gein: America1s most bizarre murderer.
I Delavan, Wisconsin: Charles Hallberg and Company.
Groth, N., & Birnbaum, H. (1979). Men who rape. New York: Plenum Press.
I Guertin, E. A.
62-68.
(1985, May). Overwhelming evidence. Digital Review, pp.
I Guttmacher, M.
Inc.
(1960). The mind of the murderer. New York: Grove Press,
I Imaizumi, M.
43 (8).
(1974). locating buried bodies. FBI law Enforcement Bulletin,
I
I
Kennedy, F.; Hoffman, H. R.; & Haines, W. H. (1947).
Heirens. American Journal of Psychiatry, 104.
A study of William I
Keyes, D. (1981). The minds of Billy Milligan. New York: Random House. I
Keyes, E. (1976). The Michigan murders. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell.
Klausner, L. D. (1981). Son of Sam. New York: McGraw-Hill. I
Larsen, R. W. (1980). Bundy, the deliberate stranger. Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey: Prentice-Hall. I
Leyton, E. (1986). Compulsive killers: The story of modern multiple
murder. New York: New York University Press.
I
Lindsey, R. (1984, January 21). Officials cite a rise in killers who roam
U.S. for victims. New York Times, pp. 1, 7.
Linedecker, C. L. (1980). The man who killed boys. New York: St. Martin's
I
Press.
Lord, W.O., & Burger, J. F. (1983, October). Collection and preservation of
I
forensically important entomological materials. Journal of Forensic
Sciences, 28(1).
Lunde, D. T., &Morgan, J. (1980). The die song: A journey into the mind of
I
a mass murderer. New York: W. W. Norton.
Lunde, D. T. (1976). Murder and madness, San Francisco: S. F. Book Co.
I
Lunde, D. T. (1974, July).
Psychology Today.
Hot blood's record month: Our murder Doom. I
McCarthy, K.
cradle.
(1984). Serial killers:
Los Angeles Times, p. 1.
Their deadly bent may be set in
I
McDonald, J. M. (1961). The murderer and his victim. Springfield, Illinois:
Charles C. Thomas. I
McGinnis, J. (1983). Fatal vision. New York: Simon & Shuster.
Mailer, N. (1980). The executioner's song. New York: Warner. I
Malone, M. P. and Terry, G. (1987, November). The Bobby Joe Long serial
murder case: A study in cooperation. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. I
Meredith, N. (1984, December). The murder epidemic. Science, 84, 43-48.
Michaud, S. C., & Aynesworth, H. (1983). The only living witness. New York:
I
Simon and Schuster.
Monahan, J. (1981). Predicting violent behavior. Beverly 11711s, California: I
Sage Publishers.
Morse, D. et al. (1983). Handbook of forensic archaelogy and anthropology.
Tallahassee, Florida: Rose Printing Company.
I
I
I
I Mowday, B. E. (1984, July). Computer tracking violent criminals. PolicE
Product News, 26-29.
I Nash, J. R. (1980). Murder America: Homicide in the United States from the
revolution to the present. New York: Simon and Schuster.
I Nelson, T. (1984).
pp. 1, 11.
Serial killings on increase, study shows. Houston Post,
I Olsen, J. (1983). Son, a psychopath and his victims. New York: Antheneum.
Olsen, J. (1974). The man with the candy: The story of the Houston mass
I murders. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Peterson, W. (1979, November). Visual investigation analysis. The Police
Chief, pp. 58-59.
I Pinnizotto, A. J. (1984). Forensic psychology: Criminal personality
profiling. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 1£(1), 32-37.
I Porter, B. (1983, April). Mind hUnters. Psychology Today.
II Rae, G. W. (1967). Confessions of the Boston Strangler. New York: Pyramid.
Reid, W. H., ed. (1978). The ps cho ath: A com rehensive study of
antisocial disorders and behaviors. New York: Burner Mazel.
I Reinhardt, J. M. (1960). The murderous trail of Charles Starkweather.
Springfield, Ill.: C. C. Thomas.
I Reiser, M. (1982, March). Crime-specific psychological consultation. The
Police Chief t 53-56.
I Ressler, R. K. et ale (1984). Serial murder: A new phenomenon of homicide.
Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Association of
Forensic Sciences, Oxford, England.
I Ressler, R. K. et ale (1983, January). Rape and rape-murder: One offender
and twelve victims. American Journal Psychiatry, 140(1).
I Ressler, R. K. et al. (1982). Criminal profiling research on homicide.
Unpublished research report.
I Roen, S. (1973). Murder of a little girl. New York: Frederick Fell, Inc.
Rule, A. (1980). The stranger beside me. New York: W. W. Norton and
I Company.
I.
---~ --~~-------
I
Russell, D. H. (1973). Juvenile murderers. International Journal of
Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 17(3).
I
Schwarz,~. (1981). The hillside strangler:
New York: Doubleday.
A murderer's mind, Garden City, I
Skinner, M., &Lazerby, R. A. (1983). Found human remains.
Archaelogy Press, Simon Fraser University.
Burnaby, B.C.: I
Sonnenschein, A. (1985, February).
44, 128, 132-134.
Serial killers. Penthouse, 32, 34-35,
I
Stack, A. (1984). The 1-5 killer, New York: Signet Books.
Stack, A. (1983b). The want-ad killer. New York: New American Library.
I
Stack, A. (1983). Lust killer, New York: Signet Books.
I
Staff. (1984, November 26). The random killers. Newsweek, 100-106.
Standards for inspection and accreditation of a modern medicole al
investigatives system. Nationa Association of Medical
I
Examiners.
Stewart, T. D. (1979). Essentials of forensic anthropology. Springfield,
I
Ill.: C. Thomas, Publishers.
Sullivan, T., & Maiken, P. T. (1983). Killer clown. New York: Grosset and I
Dunlap.
Svensson, A., &Wendel, O. (1974). Techniques of crime scene investigation.
New York: American Elsevier Publishing Company.
I
Svensson, A., Wendel, 0., & Fisher, B. A. J. (1986).
scene investigation. New York: Elsevier.
Techniques of crime I
Taking a byte out of crime. (1985, October 14).
Trainer, 0., Miller, R., & Fanciulli, J. (1979).
Time, p. 96.
Death roads. Boulder, Co:
I
Pruet.
U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation. (1984). Handbook
I
of forensic science. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Wells, G. L., & Loftus, E. F. (1984). Eyewitness testimony psychologist
I
perspectives. New York: Cambridge University.
West, D. (1974). Sacrifice unto me. New York: Pyramid. I
Williams, Emlyn. (1968). Beyond belief. New York: Random House.
Winn, S., &Merrill, D. (1980). Ted Bundy: The killer next door. New York:
I
Bantam Books.
Yochelson, S., &Samenow, S. E. (1976). The criminal personality, Volume I:
I
A profile for change, New York: Jason Aronson.
I