K8 Karakorum Page-0

tawmifE Sp fx yf av,mOf wdkuf* g;armuf yZmywda&;onf/

Tiger Moth biplane by Pazarpati

MMOS Pazarpati
K8 Karakorum Page-1

Tiger Moth wdkuf*g;armufav,mOfonf tawmifESpfxyfav,mOfjzpfonf/ av,mOftrnf\

t"dyÜg,fonf usm;ESifhroufqdkifyg/ Tiger Moth \t"dyÜg,frSm tif;qufydk;wpfrsdK;trnfjzpfonf/
tvsm; 24 ay &Snfí awmufyHESpfzufxdyftuGmta0; 29 ay 4 vufr&dSum 8 ay 9 vufr
jrifhonf/ vlESifhqDrygyJ av,mOfudk,fxnfcsnf;tvGwf 1ç115 aygif (wef0uf) tav;csdef&dSonf/
0efcsdef 710 aygifomvsif wifaqmifEdkifonf/ 0eftjynfhwifNyD; 1ç825 aygif (ESpfwefeD;yg;) jzifh
ysHwufEdkifonf/ qvif'g 4 vHk; yg0ifaom de Havilland Gipsy Major tif*sifwyfqifxm;onf/
tif*sifrSmjrif;aumifa& 130 &dSonf/ opfom;t½dk;cHukd,fxnf (udkif;rsm;) tay:wGif zsifywÅLpjzifhtkyfí
wnfaqmufxm;onf/
wpfem&Dvsif tjrefqHk; 109 rdkifEHI;ysHoef;Edkifonf/ yHkrSefysHoef;EHI;rSm wer 67 rdkifjzpfonf/ c&D;wm
302 rdkiftxdwpfqufwnf;ysHEdkifonf/ odkYjzpfí rdkif 100 ausmftxdomppfqifEdkifonf/ trSefpifppf
wdkuf*g;argufav,mOfonf tajccHtarmif;oifav,mOfESifh tayghpm;uif;axmufav,mOfjzpfonf/
tjrifhqHk; ay 13ç600 txd ysHwufEdkifonf/ tjrifhwufEHI;rSm wpfrdepfvsif 673 ayjzpfonf/

vufeuftaeESifhrl aygif 20 AHk; 8 vHk; (pkpkaygif; 160 aygif) wifaqmifEdkifonf/ odkYwnf;r[kwf

xdktav;csdefESifhnDrQaom pufaoewfudkwifaqmifEdkifonf/ OyrmtaeESifh
Vicker pufaoewf/ .303 usnfhzifhypfonf/ tav;csdef (usnfryg) 33 aygifav;onf/ a'gufESifh
usnfrsm;tjynfhtpHkqdkygu 51 aygifav;onf/ ydGKifhzu
dk feD;yg;&dSaom 11rr (.43 vufr) usnfjzifh

MMOS Pazarpati
K8 Karakorum Page-2

ypfaomApfumpufaoewfrsm;&dSaomfvnf; toHk;jyKonfudk rawGU&ay/ wpfrdepfudk tawmifh 450 rS

500 ypfEdkifonf/ ay 7ç000 txdom xda&mufrI&dSonf/ t*FvefEdkifiHrS xkwfvkyfonf/
Luwis pufaoewf/ .303 usnfhzifhypfonf/ tav;csdef (usnfryg) 28 aygifav;onf/ wpfrdepfudk
tawmifh 500 rS 600 ypfEdkifonf/ ay 2ç500 txdom xda&mufrI&dSonf/ ydGKifhzdkufeD;yg; &dSaom
11rr (.43 vufr) usnfjzifh ypfaomApfumpufaoewfrsm;&dSaomfvnf; toHk;jyKonfudk rawGU&ay/ /
þpufaoewfudkvnf; t*FvefEdkifiHrSyif xkwfvkyfonf/
,aeYacwf ajcvsifwyfwGiftoHk;jyKonfh 7.62rr usnfjzifhypfaom M60 pufaoewf onf (usnfryg)
24 aygifav;onf/ wpfrdepfudk tawmifh 500 rS 650 ypfEdkifonf/ ay 3500 txdom xda&mufrI
&dSonf/
12.7rr usnfjzifhypfaom M2 pufaoewf onf (usnfryg) 84 aygifav;íwifaqmifEdkifrnfr[kwfyg/
25 aygifav;aom AHk;rsm;udkvnf; wifaqmiftoHk;jyKonf/ wdkuf*g;armufav,mOfonf avmvHk;uGif;
wpfuGif;pm tvsm;&dSaomajy;vrf;rSyif ysHwufEdkifonf/ rsufcif;jyifrSvnf; ysHwufEdkifonf/ uGif;Murf;
rsm;rSvnf; ysHwufEdkifonf/ wdkuf*g;armufav,mOf trsm;pkonf aemufbD;rygyJ aemufbD;ae&mwGif
oHwHk;uav;wpfckom '½GwfqGJvdkufygaeatmif wyfqifxm;onf/ odkYjzpfíajyjyifay:qif;aomtcg
csufjcif;eD;yg;&yfwefUoGm;onf/ tenf;i,fwGifom aemufbD;yg&dSonf/ wdkuf*g;armufav,mOfudk
a&,mOfysH seaplane tjzpftoHk;jyKonfrsm;vnf;&dScJhonf/

MMOS Pazarpati
K8 Karakorum Page-3

wdkuf*g;armufav,mOfudk jrefrmhwyfrawmf (av) wGifvnf; toHk;jyKcJhMuonf/ jrefrmhwyfrawmf (av)

pwifwnfaxmifumpu wdkuf*g;argufav,mOf 16 pD;yg0ifcJhonf/ xdkav,mOfrsm;jzifhyif ppfqifa&;
wm0efrsm;aqmif½GufcJh&onf/ ,aeYwdkif aejynfawmf&dSppfordkif;jywdkuf wyfrawmf (av) u@
twGif;ydkif;jyuGufwGif jyoxm;onf/ jrefrmhwyfrawmf (av) wGif wdkuf*g;armufav,mOfudk
tarmif;oifav,mOftjzpf4if;? uif;axmufav,mOftjzpfaomf4if;? ajrjyifypfulav,mOftjzpfaomf4if;?
tayghpm;AHk;BuJav,mOftjzpfaomf4if; trsdK;rsdK;toHk;jyKcJhMuonf/
wdkuf*g;armufav,mOfudk 1931 wGif pwifysHoef;EdkifchJNyD; 1932 wGifpwiftoHk;jyKcJhMuonf/ 1959
txd ppfbufwGiftoHk;jyKaeMuqJjzpfonf/ t&yfbufwGifrl 0goem&Sifrsm; ,cktxdtoHk;jyKaeMuqJ
jzpfonf/ wpfurÇmvHk;wGif wdkuf*g;armufav,mOf tpD;aygif; 8ç868 pD; xkwfvkyfcJhonf/ rlvukrÜPD
de Havilland Aircraft Company tjyif tjcm;ukrÜPDESifh tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;rSyg xkwfvkyfcJhMuonf/

'kwd,urÇmppftwGif; &efolavaMumif;tm;odyfrawmifhwif;aom rrI&aom tcsdKUppfrsufESmrsm;wGif

(t"dutm;jzifh udkvdkeDEdkifiHrsm;wGif) wdkuf*g;armufav,mOfudk t"dutm;jzifh tayghpm;AHk;BuJav,mOf
tjzpf toHk;jyKcJhMuonf/ NAdwdefuRef; jyifopfzuftjcrf;wGifrl urf;½dk;wrf; uif;vSnfh&eftwGufvnf;
toHk;jyKcJhMuonf/

MMOS Pazarpati
K8 Karakorum Page-4

wdkuf*g;armufav,mOfudk toHk;jyKaomEdkifiHrsm;rSm
Mopaw;&D;,m;? b,fv*sD,H? b&maZ;? uae'g? qDvGef? uGef*dk? csufudkpvdkAufuD;,m;? 'def;rwf?
tD*spf? zifvef? jyifopf? *smrPD? *&d? tEd´,? tD&ef? tD&wf? tpöa&;? a*smf'ef? rav;&Sm;?
e,fomvef? e,l;ZDvef? aemfa0;? ygupöwef? ydkvef? ay:wl*D? jrefrm? ½dk'D;&Sm;? awmif ½dk'D;&Sm;?
aqmf'Dtma&AD;,m;? pydef? awmiftmz&du? oD&dvuFm? qDG'if? xdkif;? t*Fvef? tar&duef? O½ka*G;ESihf
,l*dkpvm;AD;,m;wdkYjzpfonf/

wdkuf*g;armufav,mOfudk 'kwd,urÇmppftwGif; tpm;xdk;tm;jznfhav,mOf r&dSoHk;av,mOftjzpfom

t"duoHk;cJhMuonf/ tcsdKYae&mwGif ydkítrsdK;tpm;aumif;onfh av,mOfrsm;twGuf ypfrSwfqGJ&onfh
avhusifha&;twGuf toHk;jyKcJhMuonf/ tenf;i,fudkvnf; ypfrSwftuJMunhftwGuf toHk;jyKcJhMuonf/
'kwd,urÇmppftpwGif NAdwdefonf *smrefESifh,SOfygu avaMumif;tiftm;csdKUwJhaav&m wdkuf*g;armuf
av,mOfrsm;udk rjzpfrae &&mae&mwGif &oavmufoHk;cJh&onfrSm ordkif;0ifjzpfonf/
wdkuf*g;armufav,mOfonf jrefaom? rmaom? aumif;aom av,mOftrsdK;tpm;r[kwfaomfvnf;
ta&twGuftaejzifh tiftm;ysHUESHYatmifESifh avaMumif;pdk;rdk;rIxk&&dSap&eftwGufrl toHk;wnfhcJhonf/
av,mOfrsm;wGif aES;í? i,ffí? 0efcsdefenf;ítoHk;rus[k ypfyg,fvdkuf&onfhav,mOf[lír&dSyJ
olYae&mESifhol awmfatmif wnfhatmifoHk;wwf&efom vdktyfayonf/

MMOS Pazarpati
K8 Karakorum Page-5

trSefpifppf wdkuf*g;armufav,mOf\ tjrefEHI;ESifh 0efwifaqmifEdkifrIonf &efolEdkifiHrsm;rS

wdkufav,mOftppfrsm;ESifh,SOfvsif ppfa&;twGuftoHk;jyK&ef rnfodkYrQpOf;pm;ír&aom
taetxm;jzpfonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap NcHKxJuiSufESpfaumifxuf vufxJuiSufwpfaumifu
ydkwefzdk;&dSonf qdkouJodkYyif ppfumvwGif t½dk;rsm;aom acs;cg;aom[k a½G;cs,fEdkifcGifhr&dSyJ
rdrdrSm&dSonfh vufeuf? ,mOfESifh ppftoHk;taqmifypönf;onfom tzdk;twefqHk;jzpfayawmhonf/

txufwpfae&mwGifqdkcJhonftwdkif; wdkuf*g;armufav,mOfonf AHk;tav;csdef 160 aygif (20 aygif

8vHk;) o,fEdkifonf[k odxm;&m
tu,fívdktyfygu 20 aygif 6 vHk; (aygif 120) omwifNyD; Luwis pufaoewf 1 vufudkaomf4if;
20 aygif 4 vHk; (aygif 80) omwifNyD; Vicker pufaoewf 1 vufudkaomf4if; odkYwnf;r[kwf
vlwpfa,mufavsmhí aygif 150 pm tydkqDwifaqmifí ydka0;onfhc&D;wmudkaomf4if; qDtpm;
ydkrsm;onfhvufeufudkaomf4if; wifaqmif&ef BuHpnfEdkifonf/ xdkodkYBuHpnfvkyfaqmifrIrsdK;udk
jrefrmhwyfrawmf (av) wGif rsm;pGmawGU&ayonf/ wpfcgwpf&H vdktyfcsuf (tcuftcJ) onfyif
wdk;wufatmifjrifrIudk jzpfapwwfonf/

MMOS Pazarpati
K8 Karakorum Page-6

rlvyxrqHk;toHk;jyKolwdkYu aygif20 AHk;udkom toHk;jyKMuaomfvnf; qE´&dSygu odkYr[kwf

vdktyfcsuf&dSygu aygif 40 AHk;udkaomf4if; 10 aygifAHk;udkaomf4if; jyKvkyftoHk;jyKEdkifonf/ General
Purpose Bomb tjyif rD;avmifAHk; Napalm Bomb udkvnf;wifaqmiftoHk;jyKEdkifonf/ ypfrSñGefjcif;
tuJMunfhjcif;wdkYtwGuf rD;usnfudkaomf4if; rD;cdk;AHk;udkaomf4if; toHk;jyKEdkifonf/
xdkacwfxdkumvu tawmifESpfxyfav,mOfrsm;udk EdkifiHrsm;pGmrS trsdK;tpm;rsm;pGm tpD;a&rsm;pGm
xkwfvkyfí toH;jyKcJhMuaomfvnf; uRefawmfwdkYtaeESifh uRefawmfwdkYoHk;zl;aom odzl;aom &if;ESD;aom
wdkuf*g;armufav,mOftaMumif;udkom tenf;ESifhtrsm;qdkovdk od&dSMuonf/
,aeYacwfumvwGifvnf; tifwmeufacwfjzpfonfhwdkif uRefawmfwdkYvlrsdK;trsm;pkonf vwfwpfavmü
sukhoi30 av,mOftaMumif;om oJBuD;rJBuD; &SmazGzwf½IMu? bmomjyefwifjyMuESifh ig;yGuf&m
ig;pmcsovdk jzpfaeMuonfrSm 0rf;enf;bG,f&maumif;awmhonf/
rMumrSDumvwGifvnf; jrefrmEdkifiHrS0,f,lrnfh a&ikwfoabFmtrsdK;tpm;taMumif;udkom pmapmifwdkif;
*sme,fwdkif; r*¾Zif;wdkif; ayh(cs)wdkif; baavmhwdkif;wGif rkef;avmufatmifawGU&OD;rnfrSmvnf; ajrBuD;
vufcwfrvGJ aocsmonf/
trSefpifppf t*Fvdyfvdka&;xm;onfudk zwfEdkifpGrf; jyefEdkifpGrf;&dSMuolrsm;taejzifh rdrdESifheD;pyfaom
&Sm;yg;aom toHk;0ifaom acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;udk a½G;cs,foifhMuonf/ ppfa&;udk0goemygí
aomf4if;? pmayudkjrwfEdk;íaomf4if;? rsdK;cspfpdwfaMumifhaomf4if; vkyfEdkifpGrf;&dSívkyfrnfhtwlwl research
r[kwfonfhwdkif data base udk toHk;jyKoifhonf/ ,aeYumv Online wGif ppfa&;ppf&ma&;om;ol
ESpfrsdK;om&dSonf/ yxrwpfrsdK;rSm ppfrIxrf;a[mif;rsm; (t&m&dS^t&mcH^tMuyf^wyfom;) aygif;pHku
4if;wdkY (toufESifh&if;umBuHKawGUcJh&onfh) udk,fawGUjzpf&yfrsm;udk jrefrmvdka&;om;wifjyjcif;ESifh
t&yfom;rsm;u tifwmeufESifh pmtkyfpmwrf;wdkYrS t*Fvyd fvdka&;om;xm;onfrsm;udk jrefrmvdkjyefqdk
wifjyjcif;jzpfonf/ t&yfom;rsm;rSm ppfa&;tawGUtBuHKr&dSí ppfvufeufrsm;taMumif;? ppf,mOfrsm;
taMumif;? ppftoHk;taqmifypönf;rsm;taMumif;ESifh ppfenf;AsL[mrsm;taMumif;om a&;om;wifjy
wwfMuonf/
Sukhoi30, JF17 ESifh Mig29 wdkYESifh,SOfvsif
wdkuf*g;armufav,mOfrSm rsm;pGmacwfaemufusonf/
enf;ynmqdkif&m tcsuftvuftaMumif;t&mrsm;vnf; ½dk;&Sif;enf;yg;onf/ &Sif;vif;pGmodatmif Oyrm
qdk&vsif vufeufpepfjzpfonf/ wdkuf*g;armufav,mOfrSm AHk; aygifcsdef 160 o,fEdkifonf/
odkYwnf;r[kwf pufaoewf 1 vufESifh AHk; aygifcsdef 80 odkYr[kwf 120 o,fEdkifonf/ Sukhoi30,
JF17 ESifh Mig29 wdkYwGif vufeufpepfonf ½IyfaxG;rsm;jym;onf/ vufeufpepftajymif;tvJvkyfonfh

MMOS Pazarpati
K8 Karakorum Page-7

t,ltqudk xdkav,mOfrsm;ESifherlempHjyK&Sif;onfxuf wdkuf*g;armuf\ ½dk;&Sif;enf;yg;aomtajctaeü

erlempHjyK&Sif;onfu ydkíjrifvG,fodvG,fayrnf/

jrefrmhwyfrawmf (av) wGif trIxrf;cJhaom avol&Ja[mif;rsm;rS 4if;wdkY\udk,fawGYtawGYtBuHKrsm;udk

a&;om;xm;aompmtkyfrsm;pGm&dS&m wpftkyfwGif wdkuf*g;armufav,mOf? pypfzdkif;,m;av,mOf?
qD;jzL&Dav,mOfESifh yDpDav,mOfrsm;taMumif;udk tawmfav; &Sif;jyxm;onfudkawGU&onf/
wpftkyfwGifrl F7 ac: J7 av,mOftaMumif;udkawGU&onf/
pypfzdkif;,m;? qD;zdkif;,m;ESifh qD;jzL&Donf wpftkyfpkwnf;jzpfonf/
F7 ac: J7 onf Mig21 ESifh wpftkyfpkwnf;jzpfonf/
av,mOfrsm;taMumif;udk tifwmeuf Wikipedia wGifavhvmzwf½Iygu Aircraft Comparable [lí
az:jyxm;wwfonf/ Related Article ESifh External Source wdkYudkvnf; az:jyxm;wwfonf/ Archive
rsm;udkvnf; ñGefjyxm;onf/ wpfcktaMumif;avhvmzwf½I&mrS qufpyfrIrsm;? eD;pyfrIrsm;? qifwl½dk;rSm;
rsm;udkvnf;awGU&onf/ ppfppfaygufaygufzwfMunhfvsif cdkifrmaom Reference rsm;udkvnf;
awGU&dS&rnfjzpfonf/
wdkuf*g;armufav,mOfESifh acwfNydKifav,mOfrsm;rSm ½k&SrS Polikarpov Po2

MMOS Pazarpati
K8 Karakorum Page-8

tar&duefrS Boeing Stearman

*smrefrS Gotha Go 145

MMOS Pazarpati
K8 Karakorum Page-9

*smrefrSyif Focke-Wulf Fw 44

*smrefrSyif Bücker Bü 131 "Jungmann"

MMOS Pazarpati
K8 Karakorum Page-10

t*FvefrSxkwfvkyfí "eo[m,EdkifiHrsm;wGifoHk;aom Fleet Finch

Stampe & Vertongen SV-4C D-EBSH

MMOS Pazarpati
K8 Karakorum Page-11

Tiger Moth ESifh acwfNydKifav,mOfrsm; EdIif;,SOfrIZ,m;

txufygZ,m;t& (erlemjzpfonf^tcsuftvufa&m enf;pepfyg rjynfhpHkí toHk;rcsEdkifao;yg)

av,mOfrSL;wpfOD;vsif ysrf;rQaygif 150 jzifh ESpfOD;vsif 300 aygif

tenf;qHk;yrmP av,mOfqD ysrf;rQtav;csdef 200 aygif
pkpkaygif; 500 aygif cefYwifEdkifMuonf/

Tiger Moth av,mOfqdkvsif AHk;tav;csdef 160 aygif o,fEdkifonfudk odNyD;om;jzpfonf/ vl 2 OD;pm

tav;csdef aygif 300 ESifh aygif;ygu 460 jzpfonf/

Tiger Moth av,mOf\ Specification t& Loaded Weight 1ç825 aygifxJrS Empty Weight 1ç115
aygifEIwfygu Useful Weight 710 aygif &onf/

xdk 710 xJrS 460 EIwfygu qDtav;csdefonf 250 aygifjzpfwef&macs&dSonf[k tMurf;zsOf;cefYrSef;

oHk;oyfEdkifonf/

txufygav,mOfrsm;\ tcsuftvufrsm;udk Brain Strong ming taejzifh Data Base prf;oyf

vkyfMunfhjcif; jzpfygonf/

MMOS Pazarpati
K8 Karakorum Page-12

Tiger Moth av,mOfonf ESpfa,mufpD;jzpfaomfvnf; wpfa,mufwnf;armif;ygu a&SUcHkwGifxdkifí

r&yg/ aemufcHkwGifomxdkifí&onf/ aemufcHkwGifxdkifaomtcg av,mOfrSm pufacgif;&SnfNyD; (vlu
taemufzufa&mufoGm;ojzifh) av,mOfudkajrjyifajy;vrf;ay:wGifoGm;aepOf a&SUudkrjrif&ay/
avxJa&mufoGm;aomtcgrl yHkrSefjyefjzpfoGm;onf/ Tiger Moth av,mOf\a&SUbD;ESpfckonf
eD;uyfojzifh Ground Loop ywfcsmvnf;jcif; (ab;qGJjcif;rsm;) jzpfwwfonf/ xdkacwftcgu
tawmifESpfxyfav,mOftm;vHk;onf bD;acgufodrf;jcif;rjyKvkyfEdkifay/

Tiger Moth av,mOfonf tjrefEHI; wer 67 rS 109 tMum;om&dSaomfvnf; tjrifhay 13ç600

txd wufEdkifojzifh aumif;pGmAHk;BuJEdkifonf/ Luwis pufaoewfonf ay 2ç500 txdomxda&mufNyD;
Vicker pufaoewfonf ay 7ç000 txdomxda&mufonf/ þtuGmta0;rSm ajrjyifay:wGif a&jyifnD
ypfcwfonfhtaetxm;jzpfonf/ urÇmajrqGJtm;udkvGefqefí txufodkYypfygu xdkrQavmuf
rxda&mufawmhay/ odkYjzpfí xdkacwfrSav,mOfrsm;onf ay 3ç000 cefYtjrifhrSysHvsifyif omrefvufeuf
rsm;jzifhypfcwfrIudk rIp&mvdkawmhay/ tu,fí&efolrS ay 7ç000 txdypfEdkifaom Vicker pufaoewf
udktoHk;jyKonfhwdkif Tiger Moth av,mOfrSm ay 8ç000 tjrifhrS ab;uif;pGm wdkufcdkufEdkifonf/
xddkacwfu av,mOfypfvufeufrsm;rSm 'Hk;vufeufrsm;r&dSay/ tu,fí&efolrS 20rr puftajrmufESifh
tjcm;aompuftajrmufrsm; (30rr? 40rr) wdkYudk toHk;jyKygurl ao½Hkom&dSawmhonf/

ppfajrjyif\ rnfonfht&yfwGif &efol\av,mOfypftajrmufwyf&dSonf rnfonfhav,mOfypfvufeuf

oHk;onf ta&twGufrnfrscefY&dSonf 4if;wdkY\wkefYjyefrIESifh vuf&nfrnfpdkY&dSonfwdkYudk od&dSvsif Tiger
Moth av,mOfjzifh ppfqifEdkifpGrf;&dSr&dS qHk;jzwfEdkifonf/

MMOS Pazarpati
K8 Karakorum Page-13

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif vGwfvyfa&;&p jynfwGif;aomif;usef;rIEdSrfeif;pOfu aygif 20 AHk;omru jynfwGif;jzpf

vufvkyfAHk;rsm;yg toHk;jyKcJh&onf/ av,mOfrSajrjyifypf&eftwGuf ajcvsifwyfoHk;pufaoewfudkom
av,mOfay:wifaqmif toHk;jyKcJhMu&onf/ xdkpOfu wyfrwmf (av) onf tawmifESpfxyfav,mOf
Tiger Moth tjyif tawmifwpfxyf Airspeed Oxfords av,mOf 40 pD;ESifh Austers av,mOf 4 pD;
udkyg wdkufcdkufa&;twGuf toHk;jyKcJhMuonf/ Austers av,mOfrsm;rSmvnf; Tiger Moth av,mOfESifh
rsm;pGmruGmvSay/ xdkpOfu wyfrwmf (av) wGif wdkufav,mOftppf[lí pypfzdkif;,m;av,mOf 3
pD;om &dScJhonf/
Tiger Moth av,mOftm;aemufydkif;wGif avol&Jtcef;udktvHkydwfaom Canopy rsm; wyfqifay;vm
&m avol&Jrsm;twGuf tenf;i,foufawmifhoufom&dSvmonf/
&efol\avaMumif;pdk;rdk;rIr&dSaomae&mrsm;wGif4if; avwyfr&dSonfh&efolrsm;ESifh &ifqdkif&onfhtcgwGif4if;
þav,mOfrsm;jzifh ppfqifEdkifonf/
,aeYacwfwGifvnf; þoabmw&m;ESifhtwlwl avwyfr&dSonfh&efolrsm;ESifh &ifqdkif&onfhtcg K8,
EMB314 , pc7 ESifh PC9 av,mOfrsm;udkoHk;Muonf/ EdkifHjcif;jzpfonfhppf av,mOfjcif;,SOfonfhtcgrSyif
F7, Mi29 ESifh F15, 16 uJodkY pHrSDavwyfoHk;av,mOfrsm;jzifh wdkufyGJ0ifMuonf/

ppfav,mOf (txl;ojzifhwdkufav,mOf) rsm;taMumif; avhvmrnfqdkygu a&S;acwf Tiger Moth

av,mOfrSonf ,aeYacwf SU30 ESifh F35 txd &Edkifoavmuf us,fus,fjyefYjyefYavhvm
&efvdktyfonf/ jyefvnfrQa0rnfqdkygu zwfNyD; bmomjyef a&;om;wifjy½HkESifh rvHkavmufawmhyg/
Research ygvdktyfonf/ okwpmay[lonf &opmayavmuf vlzwfrrsm;ay/ ppfa&;enf;ynmESifh
ygwfoufygu ydkqdk;onfudk pma&;0goemzwfolrsm; owdxm;&efvdktyfayonf/

MMOS Pazarpati