Mixture and Alligations

Study Material

MIXTURE AND ALLIGATIONS

Simple Mixture: When two different ingredients Applications of Alligation Rule:

are mixed together, it is known as a simple mixture. (i) To find the mean value of a mixture when the
prices of two or more ingredients, which are mixed
Compound Mixture: When two or more simple together and the proportion in which they are mixed
mixtures are mixed together to form another mixture, it are given.
is known as a compound mixture, (ii) To find the proportion in which the ingredients
at given prices must be mixed to produce a mixture at
a given price.
Alligation: Alligation is nothing but a faster
technique of solving problems based on the weighted
average situation as applied to the case of two groups Example l:
being mixed together. In what proportion must sugar at`13.40 per kg be
The word ‘Alligation’ literally means ‘linking’. mixed with sugar at ` 13.65 per kg, so that the mixture
be worth `13.20 a kg?
Alligation rule: It states that when different
Solution:
quantities of the same or different ingredients of
different costs are mixed together to produce a mixture C.P. of C.P. of
of a mean cost, the ratio of their quantities is inversely 1 kg 1 kg
Cheap Deare
proportional to the difference in their cost from the
er r
mean cost. sugar sugar
Avera
Quantity of Cheaper (1340 ge (1365
paise) paise)
Quantity of Dearer price
Price of Dearer − Mean Price (1320
= paise)
Mean Price − Price of Cheaper 45 20

Graphical representation of Alligation

Rule: Quantity of cheaper sugar 45
=
Quantity of dearer sugar 20
9
=
4
∴They must be mixed in the ratio 9:4.

Example 2:
A mixture of a certain quantity of milk with 16
litres of water is worth 90 P per litre. If pure
𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑏−𝑑 milk be worth `1.08 per litre, how much milk
=
𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑏 𝑑 − 𝑎 is there in the mixture?

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Solution:
The mean value is 90P and the price of water
is 0 P. Q1 Av Q2

Milk Wate
108 r0 n1 n2
where Av is the average of the new group
90 formed then n1 corresponds to Q2 – Av, n2
corresponds to Av – Q1 and (n1 + n2)
108 - corresponds to Q2 – Q1.
90 - 0 Let us consider the previous example.
90

Example 4:
By the Alligation Rule, milk and water are in
5 kg of rice at `6 per kg is mixed with 4 kg of
the ratio of 5:1.
Quantity of milk in the mixture = 5 × 16 = 80 rice to get a mixture costing `7 per kg. Find the
litres. price of the costlier rice.
Solution:
Price of the Mixture: Using straight line method,
When quantities Qi of ingredients Mi’s with 6 7 x
the cost Ci’s are mixed then cost of the mixture
Cm is given by 5 4
𝐶𝑖 𝑄 𝑖
𝐶𝑚 = 𝑄𝑖
4 corresponds to 7 – 6 and 5 corresponds to x
– 7.
Example 3: i.e. 4 → 1
5 kg of rice of `6 per kg is mixed with 4 kg of 5 → 1.25
Hence, x – 7 =1.2
rice to get a mixture costing `7 per kg. Find the
⇒ x= 8.25
price of the costlier rice.
Solution:
Let the price of the costlier rice be ₹x.
Example 5:
By direct formula, A jar contains a mixture of two liquids P and
6×5+4×𝑥 Q in the ratio 4:l.When 15 litres of the mixture
7= is taken out and 15 litres of liquid Q is poured
9
⇒ 63 − 30 = 4𝑥 ⇒ 4𝑥 = 33 into the jar, the ratio becomes 2:3. How many
33 litres of liquid P was contained in the jar.
⇒𝑥= 4
= 8.25
Solution:
Fraction of Q in original mixture
Straight line approach of Alligation 1 1
Let Q1 and Q2 be the two quantities, and n1 and = =
1+4 5
n2 are the number of elements present in the Fraction of Q in resulting mixture
two quantities respectively, 3 3
= =
2+3 5

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Quantity of mixture 1 𝑄1
Q in =
Pure Quantity of mixture 2 𝑄2
mixur
e 1/5 Q1 𝑥 𝑞𝐴
−
𝑥+𝑦 𝑞𝐴 + 𝑞𝐵
= 𝑞𝐴 𝑎
3/5 −
𝑞𝐴 + 𝑞𝐵 𝑎+𝑏
And,
2/5 2/5
Quantity of mixture 1
𝑄1
=𝑄 ×Quantity of resultant mixture
1 +𝑄2
Quantity of mixture 2
𝑄2
Thus, the original mixture and liquid Q are =𝑄 ×Quantity of resultant mixture
1 +𝑄2
mixed in the same ratio.
∴ If 15 litres of liquid Q is added, then after
REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT
taking out 15 litres of mixture from the jar,
(i) Let a vessel contains Q unit of mixture of
there should have 15 litres of mixture left.
ingredients A and B. From this, R unit of
So, the quantity of mixture in the jar
mixture is taken out and replaced by an equal
= 15 + 15 = 30 litres
amount of ingredient B only.
and quantity of P in the jar
30 If this process is repeated n times, then after n
5
× 4 = 24 litres. operations
𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡
Alligation Rule for Compound Mixture: 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡
Remember that in compound mixture, same 𝑅 𝑛
= 1−
mixtures i.e. mixtures of same ingredients are 𝑄
mixed together in different proportion to make and Quantity of B left = Q - Quantity of A Left
a new mixture. (ii) Let a vessel contains Q unit of ingredient A
Let Mixture 1 has ingredients A and B in ratio only. From this R unit of ingredient A is taken
a:b and Mixture 2 has ingredients A and B in out and replaced by an equal amount of
ratio x: y. ingredient B.
Now, M unit of mixture l and N unit of If this process is repeated n times, then after n
mixture 2 are mixed to form compound operations,
mixture. Then, in the resultant mixture, the 𝑅 𝑛
Quantity of A left =𝑄 1 − 𝑄
ratio of A and B is
𝑎 𝑥 Quantity of B = 1 - Quantity of A left
Quantity of ingredient A 𝑞𝐴 𝑀 +𝑁
𝑎 +𝑏 𝑥+𝑦
(i) =𝑞 = 𝑏 𝑦
Quantity of ingredient B 𝐵 𝑀 +𝑁
𝑎 +𝑏 𝑥+𝑦 Example 6:
And, A container contains 40 litres of milk. From
Quantity of A in resultant mixture this container, 4 litres of milk was taken out
𝑞𝐴
= × 𝑀+𝑁 and replaced by water. This process was
𝑞𝐴 + 𝑞𝐵
repeated further two times. How much milk is
Quantity of B in resultant mixture
𝑞𝐵 now contained by die container?
= × 𝑀+𝑁 Solution:
𝑞𝐴 + 𝑞𝐵
(ii) When qA and qB are known and M and N Milk Water
have to be found out To start with 40 litres 4litres

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After 1st operation 36 litres 4 If in x litres mixture of A and B, the ratio of A

4
4− ×4+4
After 2nd operation36 − 40 × 40 and B is a: b, the quantity of B to be added in
=4-0.4+4 𝑥 𝑎𝑑 −𝑏𝑐
36 =32.4 litres order to make the ratio c : d is
= 7.6 litres 𝑐 𝑎+𝑏
After 3rd operation 32.4 − 4 If x glasses of equal size are filled with a
4
7.6 − 40 × 7.6 + 4
× 32.4 mixture of milk and water. The ratio of milk
40 76 + 4
= 32.4 − 3.24 = 7.6 − 0. and water in each glass are as follows:
∴The quantity of milk in the container is 29.16 a1:b1,a2:b2,a3:b3...ax:bx
litres. If the content of all the x glasses are emptied
into a single large vessel, then proportion of
Short-cut Method: milk and water in it is given by
𝑎1 𝑎2
Quantity of milk in container: + +⋯
4 3 𝑎1 + 𝑏1 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
40 1 − 40 = 29.16 litres
𝑎𝑥 𝑏1
Examples 7: + :
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 𝑎1 + 𝑏1
A dishonest hair dresser uses a mixture 𝑏2
having 5 parts pure After shave lotion and 3 + +⋯
parts of pure water. After taking out some 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
portion of the mixture, he adds equal amount 𝑏𝑥
+
of pure water to the remaining portion of the 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥
mixture such that the amount of Aftershave
lotion and water become equal. The part of the Example 8:
mixture taken out is In four vessels each of 20 litres capacity
mixture of milk and water is filled. The ratio
of milk and water are 2:1, 3:l, 3:2 and 1:1 in
Solution: the four respective vessels. If alt the four
Let quantity of pure After shave lotion = 5kg vessels are emptied into a single large vessel,
and quantity of pure water = 3 kg find the proportion of milk and water in the
∴ Total quantity of the mixture = 8 kg mixture.
Again let x kg of mixture is taken out of 8kg
of mixture.
Now, the amount of Aftershave lotion left Solution:
5𝑥
= 5− 𝑘𝑔 2 3 3 1 1 1 2 1 151 89
8 + + + : + + + = :
3𝑥 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 2 60 60
and the amount of water left = 3 − kg
8 = 151: 89
∴ The amount of water after adding x kg of
water becomes
Example 9:
According to question,
The ratio of water and milk in a 30 litres
5𝑥 5𝑥
5− =3+ mixture is 7:3. Find the quantity of water to be
8 8
10𝑥 8 added to the mixture in order to make this ratio
⇒ =2⇒𝑥= 6: 1.
8 5
1 Solution:
⇒ 5 of the 8 kg mixture is taken out.
In this example the ratio of water: milk is
given and water is further added. But in the

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above formula ratio of A:B is given and

quantity B is added. So the formula in this Expendit Saving x
changed scenario becomes: ure 12 (%
𝑥 𝑏𝑐 −𝑎𝑑 (% increase
Quantity of B added = 𝑑 𝑎 +𝑏
increase in
in exp) saving)
∴ Required quantity
10 (%
30 3 × 6 − 7 × 1 30 18 − 7 increase
= = in
1 7+3 1 × 10 income)
30×11
= 10
= 33 litres.
A mixture contains A and B in the ratio a:b. If 3 (given) 2
x litres of B is added to the mixture, A and B
become in the ratio a: c. Then the quantity of
A in the mixture is given by and that of B is
𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑥 We get two valuesofx, 7 and 13.But to get a
given by𝑐−𝑏 and that of B is given by 𝑐−𝑏
viable answer, we must keep in mind the
central value (10) must lie between x and 12.
Example 10: Thus the value of x should be 7 and not
A mixture contains beer and soda in the ratio 13.
of 8:3. On adding 3 litres of soda, the ratio of ∴required % increase = 7%
beer to soda becomes 2:1 (i.e., 8:4). Find the
quantity of beer and soda in the is mixture.
Example 12:
Solution:
A vessel of 80 litre is filled with milk and
Quantity of beer in the mixture
8×3
water, and 30% of water is taken out of the
= 4−3 = 24litres vessel. It is the vessel is vacated by 55%. Find
and the quantity of soda in the mixture the initial milk and water.
3×3
= 4−3 = 9litres. Solution:
Here the % values of milk and water that is
Example 11: taken from the vessel should be taken into
Mira’s expenditure and savings in the ratio
consideration.
3:2.Her income increase by 10%. Her
expenditure also increases by 12%. By how
many %does her saving increase? milk water
70% 30%
Solution:

55%

25%
15%
⇒5:3

Ratio of milk to water= 5:3

80
∴ quantity of milk = 5+3 × 50 litres
80
and quantity of water = 5+3 × 3 = 30 litres

Example 13:
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Nine litres are from drawn from a case full of Example 15:
water and it is then filled with milk. Nine litres Three vessels containing mixtures of milk and
of mixture are drawn and the cask is again water are of capacities which are in the ratio
filled with milk. The quantity of water now 1:2:3. The ratios of milk and water in the three
left in the cask is to that of the milk in it as vessels are 4:1, 3:2 and 2:3 respectively. If
16:9, How much does the cask hold? one-fourth the contents of the first vessel, one-
Solution: third of that of the second vessel and half of
Let there be x litres in the cask.From the above that of the third vessel are mixed; what is the
formula we have, after n operations: ratio of milk and water in the new mixture?
Water left in vessel after n operations Solution:
Whole quantity of milk in vessel Part of milk in the resultant solution
𝑥−𝑦 𝑛
= 1 1 4 1 2 3 1 3 2
𝑥 = × × + × × + × ×
𝑥−9 2 16 16 4 6 5 3 6 5 2 6 5
Thus in this case, 𝑥
= 16+9
= 25 1
∴ x = 45 litres =
5
Part of water in the resultant solution
Example 14: 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 73
= × × + × × + × × =
4 6 5 3 6 5 2 6 5 360
`1500 in invested in two such part that if one 1 73
Ratio of milk-to water = 5 : 360 = 72: 73
invested at 16%, and the other at 5% the total
interest in one year from both investments is
Example 16:
`85. How much invested at 5%?
Sea water contains 5 % salt by weight. How
Solution: many kg of fresh water must be added to 60
If the whole money is invested at 6% the kg if sea water for the content of salt in
annual income is 6% of `1,500 = `90. If the solution to be made 3%.
whole money is invested at 5%, the annual Solution:
Let x kg of fresh water is added to sea water
income is 5% of `1,500 =`75. But real income
𝑞𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡 5% 𝑜𝑓 60 3
= =
= `85. 𝑞𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡 + 𝑞𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 60 + 𝑥 100
∴Applying the alligation rule, we have (given 3% salt in solution)
3 3
= = 𝑥 = 40𝑘𝑔
60 + 𝑥 100
6% 5%
$90 $75
∴40 kg of fresh water must be added to sea
water.
$85

$10 2 $5 1

1
Money invested at 5% = 3×`1500=`500

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