An Overview

Integration is a way of adding slices to find

the whole
Its about
 Looking at the project in totality/ overall
picture of a project.
 Putting all the bits and pieces in the right
place to make a meaningful picture of the
over all project (how its going to look like).
 PMBOK recognizes five process groups
(stages) and nine knowledge areas typical of
almost all projects.
 The stages are,
_ Initiation
_ Planning
_ Execution

_ Controlling and monitoring

_ Closing and evaluation

 Mainly involves conceptual planning as
already mentioned,
based on knowledge, foresight and
imagination driven by various stimuli
_ business need
_ desire to innovate
_ desire to contribute towards a specific body
of knowledge…….. etc
 This is a more formal stage in any project
 Detailed developments takes place here…….
(helps in developing the project statement of
work S.O.W and charter) like,
 State the need for a project (why undertaken)
 What triggered the project
 Identify final deliverables, goals
 Benefits of the end product
 Constraints/expected risks
 Helps in determining the overall feasibility
and identifying the stakeholders
(internal and external factors and their
impact)
EXTERNAL FACTORS
_ Economic perspective……….
_ Environmental perspective…….
_ Customer perspective……….
_ Political situation………
_ Government standards………
_ Market conditions………
_ Stakeholders risk tolerances……….
_ Financial perspective…….
_ Organization procedures, policies……
_ communication and appraisal
procedures…..
_ financial control procedures……..
_ risk control procedures……..
 Tools and Techniques

Qualitative like,
_ Delphi technique
_ Murder board
_ Peer review
 Personal interests and internal politics is
also one of the major determinants in
project selection. (personal observation)
 Tools and Techniques
Quantitative like,
_ Net present value (NPV)
_ Internal rate of return (IRR)
_ Pay back period
_ Decision trees
etc
 The project manager should be assigned to
the project as early as possible, before
planning.
 Must have appropriate authority and the
respect of the project team.
 Selection may be dictated or influenced by
the client.
 Interpersonal skills
 Communication skills
 Conflict resolution (very important)
 Technical skills
 Administrative skills
 Flexible management style
 Project charter
which tells,
_ Title of a project
_ Project manager’s name
_ Project manager’s authority level
_ Business case (why is the project being
done)
_ SOW with description of end product or
service
 Activities start
 Funds are utilized
 Staff trained and managed to achieve the
desired results
 Implement the planned methods and
standards
 Establish and manage project communication
channels etc
 Recommended corrective actions
(documented)
 Recommended preventive actions
(to protect against probable risks)
 Changes in project are done through a well
documented and integrated change control
system
 Changes are managed through this system
either by rejection or by approval
 The baseline is updated accordingly
 Only approved changes are incorporated into
the actual baseline.
The importance is …..
_ what end result produced
The project history is recorded in a
documented form describing
_ the reason for a project
_ the lessons learned in all respects
_ helps in future projects