NAME: MARVIN A.

FERMILAN

COURSE YEAR: BSARCH-1

INSTRUCTOR: AR. MARCELINO L. CABACABA uap

SUBJECT: AVG 113

ARCHITECTURAL VISUAL COMMUNICATION 1 (VISUAL 1)

WRITTEN REPORT: (EMPHASIZE THE USE AND CARE OF DRAFTING

INSTRUMENT AND STRESS ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN ARCHITECTURAL

PRESENTATIONS.)

BASIC MANUAL DRAFTING EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENT:

 T-SQUARE  PENCIL SHARPENER

 TRAINGLE  ERASIN SHIELD &

a. 30 DEGREES X 60 DEGREES ERASER

b. 45 DEGREES X 45 DEGREES  COMPASS

 TRANGULAR SCALE 12”  DEVIDER

 DRAFTING SHEET  CUTTER

 DRAFTING TAPE  DRAFTING BRUSH

 DRAFTING PENCIL  TECHNICAL PENS

T-SQUARE

 A T-SQURE IS AN INSTRUMENT THAT CONSIST OF A HEAD THAT LINES

UP WITH A TRUE EDGE OF THE DRAFTING BOARD AND A BLADE, OR

STRAIGHTEDGE THAT PROVIDES A TRUE EDGE.

 MOST HAVE A PLASTIC-EDGE WOOD OR CLEAR PLASIC BLADES AND

HEAEDS OF WOOD OR PLASTIC.

 IF EXTREM ACURACY IS NEEDED, THE T-SQUARE NEED TO BE MADE OF

STAINLESS STEEL.

TIPS:

TO CHECK THE ACURACY OF A T-SQUARE.

 ON A CLEAN SHEET OF PAPER, DRAW A SHARP THIN LINE ALONG

THE DRAWING EDGE OF THE T-SQUARE.

THEN, TURN THE DRAWING SHEET AROUND AND LINE UP THE

DRAWING EDGE OF THE T-SQURE WITH THE OTHER SIDE OF THE

LINE.

IF THE DRAWING EDGE AND THE PENCIL LINE MATCH, THE T-

SQURE IS PERFECTLY ACCURATE.

ALWAYS CLEAN THE T-SQUARE BEFORE USING.

 BY USING A CLOTH FOR CLEANING THE INSTUMENT.

SIGNIFICANCE IN ARCHITECTURAL PRESENTATIONS:

T-SQURE IS THE PRIMARY TOOL OF AN ARCHITEC USED FOR MAKING

HORIZONTAL LINES ON THE DRAFTING TABLE. IT IS ALSO USED AS A GUIDE TO

GET THE ACURCATE LINES OF THE TRIANGLE.

TRAINGLE

 IT IS A THREE-SIDED RULER, WHICH TYPHICALLY HAS TWO EQUAL

SIDES MEETING AT A 90 DEGREE ANGLE AND TO A THIRD SIDE AT 45, 30

INCLUDING 60 DEGREE ANGLES.

 DRAFTERS USE TWO TYPES OF TRIANGLE IN COMBINATION WITH THE T-

SQUARE TO DRAW LINES AT VARIOUS ANGLES

 COMMONLY USED TRIANGLES ARE:

A. 30 DEGREES X 60 DEGREES B. 45 DEGREES X 45 DEGREES

TIPS:

 ALWAYS CLEAN YOUR TRIANGLES BEFORE USING TO AVOID SMUDGING.

 USE DRAFTING TAPE TO COVER THE TRIANGLES TO REDUCE

SMUDGING.

 MAKE SURE THAT THE TRIANGLES ARE PRESS DOWN IN THE T-SQUARE

TO GET THE PRECISE LINES DRAWN AND ANGLES.

SIGNIFICANCE IN ARCHITECTURAL PRESENTATIONS:

A TRIANGLE IS NEEDED TO MAKE PRECISE LINES COMBINING WITH THE

T-SQUARE TO DRAW LINES AT VARIOUS ANGLES. AND IT IS ONE OF THE BASIC

INSTRUMENT OF AN ACHITECT.

TIRANGULAR SCALE

 A TRAINGULAR SCALE IS A RULER THAT HAS 3-LOBED CROSS-SECTION

WITH 6 DIFFERENT TYPES OF SCALES ON THE EDGE.

 USED FOR MEASURING AND PREPARING SCALE DRAWING SUCH AS

BLUEPRINTS AND MAPS.

 IT IS ALSO CALLED AN ARCHITECT’S SCALE.

TIPS:

 MAKE SURE TO POINT THE CURRECT MEASUREMENT.

 DON’T USE TO LINE, ONLY FOR ACCURATE MEASUREMENT.

 CLEAN BEFORE USING.

SIGNIFICANCE IN ARCHITECTURAL PRESENTATIONS:

A TRIANGULAR SCALE IS USED TO GET THE ACCURATE MEASUREMENT

OF THE DRAWING. EITHER IN ORTHOGRAPHIC, ISOMENTRIC, OR OBLIQUE

DRAFTING SHEET

 WHITE, TINTED, BLUE TINT OR PALE GREEN.

 TYPES OF PAPER DOES NOT GROOVE EASILY WHEN PREASURE IS

APPLIED TO THE PENCIL.

 BOND PAPER IS COMMONLY USED BUT A3 SHEET IS RECOMMENDED.

TIPS:

 DRAFTING PAPER MUST BE ALINE IN THE T-SQUARE.

 UNUSED INSTRUMENT MUST BE PUT ASIDE.

 BE CAREFUL IN DRAWING FOR PROPER LINE WEIGHTS.

SIGNIFICANCE IN ARCHITECTURAL PRESENTATIONS:

DRAFTING PAPER IN ARCHITECTURAL IS SPEACIALY MADE FOR

DRAWING ON PENCILS AND PENS. THE PAPER IS SMOOTH, ERASABLE AND

MADE FROM DIFFERENT MATERIALS. IT IS CHEMICALLY MATTED TO ACCEPT

PENCIL OR INK, IT WILL NOT EASILY TEAR, CUT OR STAIN.

DRAFTING TAPE

 LOW-ODOUR COMPARED TO THE OTHER TYPES OF TAPE.

 ITS ODOR SIMILAR TO ELECTRICAL TAPE, BUT LESS RUBBERY.

 HELP IN KEEPING THE PAPER WELL POSITIONED.

TIPS:

 TO AVOID RIPPING OF PAPER, CAREFULLY REMOVED THE TAPE ON THE

PAPER.

 PULL THE TAPE SLOWLY AND GENTLY AND LET IT RELEASE FROM THE

SURFACE GRADUALLY.

 PULL THE TAPE 90 DEGREE ANGLE BETWEEN THE TAPES AWAY FROM

THE ARTWORK.

SIGNIFICANCE IN ARCHITECTURAL PRESENTATIONS:

DRAFTING TAPE IN ARCHITECTURAL IS NEEDED TO MAKE THE PAPER

ON WHICH A ARCHITECTS WORK ON NEEDS A SOLID AND STEADY

ENVIRONMENT. THE PAPER NEEDS TO BE SECURED TO THE SURFACE TO

ALLOW FOR PROPER AND ACCURATE LINES.

DRAFTING PENCIL

 MOST PENCIL CORE ARE MADE OF GRAPHITE POWDER MIXED WITH A

CLAY BINDER.

 GRAPHITE PENCIL ARE USED FOR WRITING AND DRAWING

 PRODUCING A DURABLE GREY OR BLACK MARKS THAT CAN BE EASILY

ERASED.
 GRAPHITE PENCIL GRADES OF HARDNESS:

 B SOFT  H MEDIUM HARD

 2B SOFT PLUS  2H HARD

 3B EXTRA SOFT  3H HARD PLUS

 4B EXTRA SOFT  4H VERY HARD

 5B EXTREMELY SOFT  5H EXTRA HARD

 6B SOFTEST AND BLACKEST  6H EXTRA HARD PLUS

 HB MEDIUM SOFT  7H EXTREMELY HARD

 F BETWEEN HARD AND SOFT  8H EXTREMELY HARD PLUS

 9H HARDEST

TIPS:

 CHOICE OF PENCIL DEPENDS ON THE DRAWING AND SURFACE.

 ON HOW DARK AND THICK THE LINE AN ARCHITECTS WANT.

 DON’T PRESS TOO MUCH AND CREASE THE PAPER.

SIGNIFICANCE IN ARCHITECTURAL PRESENTATIONS:

A DRAFTING PENCIL OR DRAWING PENCIL IS ONE OF THE PRIMARY

INSTRUMENT OF AN ARCHITECT. WHERE AN ARCHITECT USE IT TO DRAW

HIS/HER BLUEPRINT, FLOOR PLAN, SKETCH ETC. FOR PRESENTATION OF THE

BUILDING OR HOUSES.
PENCIL SHARPENER

 USE A DRAFTER’S PENCIL SHARPENER.

 USE FOR SHARPENING THE PENCIL WENEVER THEY SHOW SIGN OF

DULLNESS.

 SHARPEN THE END OPPOSITE OF THE GRADE MARK

TIPS:

 NEVER SHARPEN A PENCIL OVER A DRAWING BOARD!

 BURNISH THE LEAD BY RUBBING ON USED DRAFTING PAPER.

 DO THIS BY RUBBING THE LEAD BACK AND FORT ON A SANDPAPER,

WHILE TURNING THE PENCIL SLOWLY.

SIGNIFICANCE IN ARCHITECTURAL PRESENTATIONS:

A PENCIL SHARPENER IS NEEDED BY A DRAFTER’S TO SHARPEN ITS

DRAWING PENCIL. TO GAIN A SUITABLE LEAD NEEDED BY THE DRAFTER’S

ERASING SHIELD & ERASER

 ERASER IS USED IN CLEANING THE DIRT OF THE DRAWING.

 ERASING SHIELD IS USED TO PREVENT ACCIDENTALY ERASING NEARBY

LINES.
TIPS:

 A SOFT ERASER IS ADVANTAGEOUS IN REMOVING SMUDGES AND

PENCIL MARKS.

 A HARDER ERASER IS USEFUL FOR MAKING CHANGES AND

CORRECTING ERRORS IN DRAWING.

 POSITION THE SHIELD SO ONLY THE PART YOU WISH TO ERASE

APPEARS IN ONE OF THE OPENINGS ON THE SHIELD.

SIGNIFICANCE IN ARCHITECTURAL PRESENTATIONS:

AN ERASER AND ERASING SHIELD IS NEEDED AS A DRAFTER’S FOR

CLEANING THE MISTAKES OR DIRT IN DRAFTING. AND TO PREVENT ERASING

NEARBY LINES WITH THE USE OF ERASING SHIELD.

COMPASS

 THIS DRAWING INSTRUMENT IS USED WHEN DRAWING ARCS AND

CIRCLES.

 IT IS COMPOSED OF ONE WITH THE PEN LEG AND THE NEEDLE POINT

LEG BEING HELD TOGETHER WITH A HANDLE.

 COMPASSES ARE USUALLY MADE OF METAL OR PLASTIC, AND CONSIST

OF TWO PARTS CONNECTED BY A HINGE WHICH CAN BE ADJUST TO

ALLOW THE CHANGING THE RADUIS OF THE CIRCLE DRAWN.

TIPS:

 MAKE SURE THAT THE HINDGE AT THE TOP OF THE COMPASS IS

TIGHTENED SO THAT IT DOES NOT SLIP.

 ALIGN THE PENCIL LEAD WITH THE COMPASS’S NEEDLE.

 PRESS DOWN THE NEEDLE AND TURN THE KNOB AT THE TOP OF THE

COMPASS TO DRAW A CIRCLE OR ARC.

SIGNIFICANCE IN ARCHITECTURAL PRESENTATIONS:

A COMPASS IS AN INTRUMENT OF AN ARCHITECT OR DRAFTER’S USE IN

MAKING CIRCLE SPECIAL ARC IN AN ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING. WHICH IS ONE

OF THE MOST COMPLICATED INSTRUMENT THAT NEED A LOT OF PRACTICE TO

MASTER FOR ACCURATE DRAWING.

DEVIDER

 A TOOL THAT CONSIST OF TWO POINTED STICKS JOINED AT THE TOP

AND THAT IS USED FOR MEASURING OR MAKING LINES AND ANGLES

 FOR TRANSFERING MEASUREMENTS, DIVIDING LINES AND ARCS INTO

THE DESIRED NUMBER OF EQUAL PARTS.

 IT CAN EASILY TRANSFER ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS BY ADJUSTING

THE DEVIDER POINTS.

TIPS:

 MAINTAIN THE MEASURE OF THE SPREAD WHEN TRANSFERRING A

MEASUREMENT IN THE DRAFTING SHEET. OR DIVIDING LINES.

SIGNIFICANCE IN ARCHITECTURAL PRESENTATIONS:

THE DIVIDER IS NEEDED FOR MEASURING, TRANSFERING

MEASUREMENT, DEVIDING A LINE. NEED A LOT OF PRACTICE TO GET THE

PRECISE MEASUREMENT.

DRAFTING BRUSH

 DRAFTING BRUSH FEATURE WOODEN HANDLES FOR THE EASY

REMOVAL OF ERASER SHAVINGS.

 DUST AND DIRT FROM DRAWING DRAFTING SURFACE WITHOUT

SMUDGING.

TIPS:

 BRUSH IN ONE DIRECTION

 BRUSH SMOOTHLY

 BRUSH CAREFULLY
SIGNIFICANCE IN ARCHITECTURAL PRESENTATIONS:

DRAFTING BRUSH IS USED FOR REMOVING ERASED REMAINS, DUST

AND DIRT WITHOUT SMUDGING YOUR DRAWING. FOR A CLEAN DRAWING.

TECHNICAL PENS

 A TECHNICAL PEN IS A SPECIALIZED INSTRUMENT USED BY AN

ENGINEER, ARCHITECT, OR DRAFTER TO MAKE LINES OF CONSTANT

WIDTH.

 WRITING TOOL WITH A METAL TIP THAT MAKES A LINE OF A CONSTANT

WIDTH.

 IT USES LIQUID INK THAT STORED INSIDE THE PEN.

TIPS:

 HOLD THE PEN UPRIGHT AT 90 DEGREE ANGLE TO THE PROPER.

 DON’T PRESS TO HARD ON THE PEN

 HOLD THE PEN PERPENDICULAR TO THE PAPER.

SIGNIFICANCE IN ARCHITECTURAL PRESENTATIONS:

TECHNICAL PENS WERE USED FOR DRAWING DIAGRAMS AND DESIGN

MORE COMMONLY PRODUCED USING CAD SOFTWARE NOW.

NEATNESS IN DRAFTING

 NEATNESS = ABILITY

 THE FIRST IMPRESSION IS A LASTING ONE.

 PRACTICE CLEANLINESS FROM THE START.

 THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF DIRTY DRAWINGS IS:

 SMEARED GRAPHITE

 SLIDING T-SQUARE

 TRIANGLES

 SHIRT SLEEVES

 HANDS ACROSS DRAWINGS

 LIFT TOOL OF YOUR WORK; DO NOT SLIDE!

 USE RUBBING ALCOHOL BEFORE STARTING.

 ALWAYS WIPE DUST AND DIRT FROM INSTRUMENTS.

 LAY OUT ALL VIEWS WITH A HARD PENCIL FIRST.

 KEEP UNUSED TOOLS OFF THE SHEET!

 REMOVE ERASURE DUST WITH A BRUSH, NOT WITH YOUR HANDS.

 AFTER EACH LINE IS DRAWN, BLOW LOOSE GRAPHITE FROM THE

SHEET.

 SHARPEN PENCILS AWAY FROM THE DRAWING.

 MAINTAIN AN ORDERLY DRAWING AREA.

 KEEP ONLY THE TOOLTS YOU NEED ON THE TOP OF THE DESK