Perancangan Struktur

Fondasi
Sjahril A. Rahim
Departemen Teknik Sipil FTUI
November 2006

Pokok Bahasan:

• Slab Dua Arah

• Portal Beton Bertulang
• Pertemuan Balok Kolom
• Cobel dan Perletakan
• Dinding Geser dan Balok Tinggi
• Pondasi Beton Bertulang
• Strut and Tie Modelling
• Pengantar Struktur Beton Pratekan
Sjahril A Rahim Perancangan Struktur Beton

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Fondasi (Footing)

• Fungsi: Mentransfer
beban dari struktur
atas ke tanah atau rock
pendukung struktur

Sjahril A Rahim Perancangan Struktur Beton

Kriteria:

• Bearing capacity tanah tidak dilampaui;

• Settlement yang berlebihan, differential
settlement, atau rotasi harus dicegah;
• Keamanan yang cukup terhadap overturning
atau sliding dipertahankan

Sjahril A Rahim Perancangan Struktur Beton

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Types of Footings:

Sjahril A Rahim Perancangan Struktur Beton

Types of Footings:

• Wall footing
• Single footing (Isolated footing)
• Pile caps
• Combined footing
• Cantilever (Strap footing)
• Continuous footing
• Raft (mat foundation)
Sjahril A Rahim Perancangan Struktur Beton

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Pressure distribution under footings

Sjahril A Rahim Perancangan Struktur Beton

Assumsi distribusi untuk analisa/design:

terdistribusi linear

Sjahril A Rahim Perancangan Struktur Beton

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Limit state governed by the soil: Modes of
failure fondasi setempat
• Bearing failure of
footing
• Serviceability failure
• Excessive total
settlement

Sjahril A Rahim Perancangan Struktur Beton

qult
qa  FS=2-3

FS -geotechnical Engineering
-Shape of footing
-Kedalaman
-Overburden + surcharge
-Water table
-Type of soils

Service load pressure

Note: struktur fondasi/beton di design dengan factored load  strength design
Second
Settlement: - immediate settlement mayor limit
state
- consolidations
Sjahril A Rahim Perancangan Struktur Beton

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Elastic distribution of soil under a footing:
Soil pressure under a footing: loads
within kern:

P My
q 
A I

Sjahril A Rahim Perancangan Struktur Beton

Pressure under eccentrically loaded footing:

L
ek 
6

Sjahril A Rahim Perancangan Struktur Beton

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Gross and net soil pressure:

Sjahril A Rahim Perancangan Struktur Beton

• Berat sendiri dan beban surcharge  tidak

ada efek pada footing, momen dan geser =0
• Berat sendiri dan beban surcharge + Pc
• Net soil pressure qn=Pc/A,  menimbulkan
internal forces pada footing

Sjahril A Rahim Perancangan Struktur Beton

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Design of footing:
Area of footing:
D( structure, footing , surch arg e)  L
A
qa
D( structure, footing , surch arg e)  L  W
A
1.33qa

For load
combination
including wind,
allow a 33%
increase in qa

Sjahril A Rahim Perancangan Struktur Beton

Design of footing:
Once the area of the footing is known, it is necessary to base
the rest of design of footing on soil stresses due to factored
loads.
Factored net soil stresses:

1.2 D ( structure)  1.6 L

qnu 
A
0.75[ D( structure)  1.6 L  1.6W ]
qnu 
A

Sjahril A Rahim Perancangan Struktur Beton

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Structural action of strip and spread footing:
Flexure:
Soil pressure acting under the
cross-hatched portion of the
footing, Figure (b) cause the
moments about axis A-A at the
face of column:

M u  qnu bf 
f
2

This moment must be resist

reinforcement placed as
shown in Figure (c).
In similar manner, moment
Sjahril A Rahim Perancangan Struktur Beton about B-B.

Flexure:

In case the thickness of footing control by shear, Mu

As 
a
f y (d  )
2
The minimum area of flexural tensile reinforcement shall be the
same as that required for shrinkage and temperature
reinforcement in the code:
(a) Slab where Grade 280 or 350 deformed bar 0.0020
(b) Slab where Grade 420 deformed bar or welded wire 0.0018
(c) Slab where reinforcement with yields stress exceeding 420
MPa measured at a yield strain of 0.35 percent is used
0.0018  420
fy
Maximum spacing:  Perancangan
Sjahril A Rahim
5h Struktur Beton
450 mm

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Critical Sections for flexure:

Equivalent Area
d2
b2  
4
d
b b 
2

d b

Sjahril A Rahim Perancangan Struktur Beton

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