2/4/2013

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

CHAPTER NINE
DEFLECTION OF BEAMS
DEFLECTION OF BEAMS

9.1 INTRODUCTION

s ' x (   y )    y
  
x  
y
 

but
 1  M y 
   
E E I 
thus
1 M

 EI

Radius of curvature

1
 2/4/2013

9.3, 9.4 EQUATION OF THE ELASTIC CURVE

From math, we have
 d2y 
 2
1
  dx
d 
 3
  dy 2  2
1    
  dx  

However, in most cases, the slope is very small leading to negligible

2
 dy 
term   yielding
 dx 
1 d2y M
 
 dx 2 EI
3

SUMMARY

if E and I are constants, then

d2y
M ( x)  EI 2 y  y ( x) (elastic curve)
dx
dy
d  d2y   ( x)  (slope)
V ( x)   EI 2  dx
dx  dx 
d2y
d  d y
2 2 M ( x)  EI
w( x)   EI 2  dx 2
dx 2  dx 
d3y
V ( x)  EI 3
dx
d4y
w( x)  EI 4
dx

2
 2/4/2013

SIGN CONVENTION (REVIEW)

Distributed load
Upward is positive

Shear
If the internal shear rotates the segment
cw, the shear is then positive.

Moment
If the internal moment causes
compression on the top surface
(holding the water), the moment is then
positive
5

x
V ( x)   w( x) dx  C1
0
x
M ( x)   V ( x) dx  C2
0
x
EI ( x)   M ( x ) dx  C3
0
x
y ( x)    ( x) dx  C4
0

C1 , C2 , C3 and C4 are obtained from the boundary conditions

3
 2/4/2013

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 1

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 2

a  x1  0
a  b  x2  a
at point B
y1 ( a)  y2 (a )
1 (a)   2 (a )8

4
 2/4/2013

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 3

a  x1  0
b  x2  0
at point B
y1 (a)  y2 (b)
1 (a)   2 (b)
9

Example:
Find the elastic curve for
the cantilever shown.

10

5
 2/4/2013

Example:
Find the elastic curve for the
simply supporter shown.

11

Example:
Find the elastic curve for the
simply supporter shown.

Solution :
 3P
 x L/4 x0
4
M
 3P x  P  x  L  L x L/4
 4  4
 3P 2
 x  C1 L/4 x0
 8
EI ( x)  
 3P x 2  P  x  L x   C2
2
L x L/4
 8  2 4 
 3P 3
 x  C1 x  C3 L/4 x0
 24
EIy ( x)  
 3P x3  P  x  L x 2   C2 x  C4
3
L x L/4
 24  6 8  12

6
 2/4/2013

y | 0  C3  0
x 0

y | 0 (1)
xL

y | y | (2)
x  L /4 xL/ 4

 |  | (3)
x  L /4 xL/ 4

solving the equations simultaneously, you get

7 PL2 11PL2 PL3
C1   , C2   and C4 
128 128 384
 3P 3 7 PL 2

 x  x L/4 x0
1  24 128
y ( x)  
EI  3P 3  x 3 L  11PL2 PL3
x  P   x2   x L x L/4
 24  6 8  128 384

13

Example:
Find the elastic curve
for the beam shown.

14

7
 2/4/2013

15

Example:
Find the elastic curve for the
beam shown.

16

8
 2/4/2013

9.5 STATICALLY INDETERMINATE BEAMS

unknowns
A x , A y , M A and B
F x  0, F y  0 and M A 0
three equations and four unknowns
( statically indeterminate problem )
this problem can be solved using
th elastic
the l ti curve.

17

1
M   wx 2  A y x  M A
2
1 A
EI ( x)   wx 3  y x 2  M A x  C1
6 2
1 A M
EIy ( x)   wx 4  y x 3  A x 2  C1 x  C2
24 6 2
Summary
unknowns
A x , A y , M A , B, C1 and C2
equations
F x  0, F y 0 , M A 0

y |  0, y |  0,  | 0
x 0 x L x 0

18

9
 2/4/2013

Problem : Find the reactions on the beam.

unknowns
Ay , By and C y
F y  0 and M A 0
two equations and three unknowns.

19

9.7 METHOD OF SUPERPOSITION

 D  ( D ) P  ( D ) w
yD  ( yD ) P  ( yD ) w

20

10
 2/4/2013

9.8 APPLICATION OF SUPERPOSITION TO

STATICALLY INDETERMINATE BEAMS

yB  ( yB ) w  ( yB ) R  0
wLL4 RB L3
  0
8 EI 3EI
3wL
RB 
8

21

 A  ( A ) w  ( A ) R  0
= 
wL3 M A L

25 EI 3EI
0

wL2
MA 
8

+
22

11
 2/4/2013

Example:
For the beam and loading
shown, determine the slope
and deflection at point B.

 B  ( B )1  ( B ) 2
 B  ( B )1  (C ) 2
wL3 w( L / 2)3 7 wL3
  
6 EI 6 EI 48EI
+ yB  ( yB )1  ( yB ) 2
 L 
yB  ( yB )1  ( yC ) 2    (C ) 2 
 2 
wL 4
wL 4
wL  L 
3
    
8EI 128 EI 48 EI  2 
41wL4

384 EI 23

END OF CHAPTER 9
END OF CHAPTER 9

24

12