0 évaluation0% ont trouvé ce document utile (0 vote)
261 vues16 pages
There are two main types of milling machines - vertical and horizontal. A vertical mill has a spindle oriented vertically while a horizontal mill has a horizontal spindle. Both types of machines move the worktable to position the workpiece under the rotating cutter. Milling cutters come in various sizes and tooth configurations and are used to remove material by rotating and moving into the workpiece. The direction of cutter rotation and worktable feed determines whether it is an up-cut or down-cut milling operation.
There are two main types of milling machines - vertical and horizontal. A vertical mill has a spindle oriented vertically while a horizontal mill has a horizontal spindle. Both types of machines move the worktable to position the workpiece under the rotating cutter. Milling cutters come in various sizes and tooth configurations and are used to remove material by rotating and moving into the workpiece. The direction of cutter rotation and worktable feed determines whether it is an up-cut or down-cut milling operation.
There are two main types of milling machines - vertical and horizontal. A vertical mill has a spindle oriented vertically while a horizontal mill has a horizontal spindle. Both types of machines move the worktable to position the workpiece under the rotating cutter. Milling cutters come in various sizes and tooth configurations and are used to remove material by rotating and moving into the workpiece. The direction of cutter rotation and worktable feed determines whether it is an up-cut or down-cut milling operation.
A milling machine is a machine tool that removes
material from a work piece by rotating a cutter and moving it into the material. A milling machine produces: Plane surfaces that may be parallel or perpendicular or at angle to the work table. Unlike the lathe or the shaping machine, the milling machine uses a muti-tooth cutter Types of milling machines Types of Milling Machines There are two major types of milling machines, the vertical milling machine and the horizontal milling machine. A vertical milling machine has its spindle axis vertical, its machine table moves perpendicular to the spindle axis of rotation and whilst A horizontal milling machine spindle axis is horizontal, here the work table that moves parallel to the spindle axis of rotation Basic movements Of a vertical milling machine: The movements and alignment are such that the axis of rotation of the cutter by a spindle is perpendicular to the work table, or a desired and controlled angle to the work table. The work table provides datum surface from which the wor is set as well as supporting the workpiece. The working surface of the work table, therefore, must lie horizontally beneath the cutter and perpendicular to the cutter axis. The work table must move in a direction at right angles to the longitudinal traverse. It is necessary to raise or lower the work table in order to feed the work into the cutter and to compensate for different thicknesses of work. Table movements are controlled by lead screws fitted with Basic movements Of a vertical milling machine: Table movements are controlled by lead screws fitted with micrometer dials for accurate positioning of the table and workpiece under the cutter. Basic movements Of a horizontal milling machine: The movements and alignment required are the location and movement of workpiece by the worktable in a plane beneath the cutter, parallel to the spindle axis. The spindle must have a horizontal axis. The work table must move in a direction at right angles to the longitudinal traverse. The work table should be able to able to be raised or lowered in order to feed the work into the cutter and to compensate for different thicknesses of work. Table movements are controlled by lead screws fitted with micrometer dials for accurate positioning of the table and workpiece under the cutter. Milling cutters A milling cutter is a cutting tool that is used on a milling machine. Milling cutters are available in many standard and special types, forms, diameters, and widths. The teeth maybe straight (parallel to the axis of rotation) or at a helix angle. The helix angle helps a slow engagement of the tool distributing the forces . Milling cutters The cutter may be right-hand (to turn clockwise) or left- hand (to turn counterclockwise).The figure shows a typical end milling cutter. Milling cutters
Milling cutters have a secondary clearance angle to
prevent the heel of the tooth interfering with the machined surface of the workpiece. The tooth can be made up of a series of straight lines, or it can be a curved profile. Milling cutters Cutting Action Up-cut milling Traditional method – great advantage of not tending to drag the work into the cutter – can be used on worn and cheap machines. Disadvantages: 1. Tends to rub before biting into the metal, resulting in cutter wear and poor finish 2. Cutting forces at maximum as the chip leaves the workpiece – resulting in transmission bounce (ramble). Cutting Action Up-cut milling 3. Cutting forces tend to lift the component off the work table. 4. The feed mechanism drives the workpiece against the full thrust of the cutter. Cutting Action Down-cut milling This process has a number of advantages: 1. The cutter bites into the workpiece immediately and the load is eased off the tooth gradually – thus smoother operating conditions; longer cutter and machine life, and good surface finish. 2. Cutting forces press the workpiece down on to the table – maximum rigidity 3. Feed mechanism controls the feed rate only, as the cutter tends to draw the work through. Cutting Action Down-cut milling The major disadvantage is, it can only be used on modern machine in good condition and fitted with a backlash eliminator. Standard milling vs. climb milling Plain milling and End milling