Job Shop:

A job shop is a type of manufacturing process in which small batches of a variety of custom
products are made. In the job shop process flow, most of the products produced require a
unique set-up and sequencing of process steps. Job shops are usually businesses that perform
custom parts manufacturing for other businesses. However, examples of job shops include a
wide range of businesses a machine tool shop, a machining center, a paint shop, a
commercial printing shop, and other manufacturers that make custom products in small lot
sizes. These businesses deal in customization and relatively small production runs, not
volume and standardization.

 Connected Line Batch Flow:

Batch production can be useful for small businesses that don’t have enough capital to run
continuous production lines. It also helps companies avoid large amounts of waste.

 Mass Production System:

Mass production is the manufacture of large quantities of standardized products, frequently

using assembly line or automation technology. Mass production refers to the production of a
large number of similar products efficiently. Mass production is typically characterized by
some type of mechanization, such as an assembly line, to achieve high volume, detailed
organization of materials flow, careful control of quality standards and division of labor.

 Continuous Improvement:

Continuous improvement business strategy is also known as a continual or continuous

improvement process. It’s an ongoing process to improve the products, services or processes
of an organization. The improvements sought can be incremental over time or achieved with
a breakthrough moment.

The delivery of those processes is in constant evaluation and change, so further improvements
can be developed and applied. The ruler to measure these changes is the efficiency, effectiveness
and flexibility of these processes.

 Modular Manufacturing:

The term “modular manufacturing”, actually denotes “modular design”. Modular design is
the specification and consequent incorporation of standard parts and assemblies, as much as
is sensical, in the design of assemblies higher in the design/manufacturing bills of materials.
I.e., parts “A”, “B”, and “E” are constituents a module in subassemblies “XX”, “YY”, and
“XY”.

 Mass Customization:

Mass customization is the process of delivering wide-market goods and services that are
modified to satisfy a specific customer need. Mass customization is a marketing and
manufacturing technique that combines the flexibility and personalization of custom-made
products with the low unit costs associated with mass production. Mass customization
products may also be referred to as made to order or built to order.

 Purchasing Strategy:
Successful Purchasing strategies enable you to manage your costs and your inventory, and arrange
payment terms consistent with your cash flow rhythm. Effective purchasing strategies require
familiarity with prices and product options, as well as building relationships with a range of suppliers.

 Solo Suppliers:
Sole source suppliers procurement however refers to those purchases where there's
only one supplier that provides the product. Usually these are unique products that
you cannot find anywhere but only thru one supplier/manufacturer.
 Just-in-time:
The just-in-time inventory system is a management strategy that aligns raw-material
orders from suppliers directly with production schedules. Companies use this inventory
strategy to increase efficiency and decrease waste by receiving goods only as they need
them for the production process, which reduces inventory costs. This method requires
producers to forecast demand accurately.
The JIT inventory supply system is a shift away from other just-in-case strategies, in
which producers hold large inventories to have enough product to absorb maximum
market demand.
 Just-in-Time Inventory System Advantages

JIT inventory controls have several advantages over traditional models. Production runs
remain short, which means manufacturers can move from one product to another easily. This
method reduces costs by minimizing warehouse needs. Companies also spend less money
on raw materials because they buy just enough resources to make just the ordered products
and no more.

 Just-in-Time Inventory System Disadvantages

The disadvantages of JIT inventories involve disruptions in the supply chain. If a raw
materials supplier has a breakdown and cannot deliver the goods on time, one supplier can
shut down the entire production process. A sudden order for goods that surpasses
expectations may delay delivery of finished products to clients.