CHAPTER 8

Art of emerging Europe

Ancient Greek art stand out among of the other ancient culture toy is development of naturalistic but
idealized deciptims of the human body in which nude male figures were generally the focus of
innovation. The rate of stylistic development between, 300 to 750 BC was a remarkable by ancient
standards and surviving mark is best seen in sculpture, they have also innovations in painting and the
distinct field at painted pottery, Greek architecture, is very simple established a harmonious style with
numerous detailed conventions that were largely adopted by a roman architecture and still followed in
some building of today.

Ornament that was shared with pottery, metal works and others, and the influence on European art,
especially after Buddhism carried beyond Greek world created by Alexander the great

Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was founded by the two brothers and demi-gods, Remus, on April 21, 753 BCE. The
legend claims that in an argument over who would rule the city. Romulus killed Remus and named the
city after him self.

In early Rome originally a small town on the banks of the Tiber, Rome grew in size and strength, early an
trade. The roman and Greek cultures can be seen in the most Roman art works, some roman art works
that are often looking terror, harsh and strong. Most of their work includes the principles of realism in
most of their works is the features of human beings. Romans also is a master buildings, which earned
their reputation for guard monuments and architectural infranstructures.

MIDDLE AGES

Is also a part of the history in Europe, it will lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began to fall of the
Western Roman Empire and merged into the renaissance and the age discovery. During this time, the
Roman Empire slowly fragmented into many smaller political entities. The geographical boundaries for
European countries today, where established during the middle ages. The visual arts prospered during
middle ages, which created its own aesthetic values, the most influential members of the society
commissioned cathedrals, churches, sculpture, paintings textiles, jewelry and other items from the
artists.
 CHAPTER 9
Caught in bet modern and contemporary art

Modern art is that which was created sometime between the 1060’s, conceptual, minimalist
postmodern, feminist is considered contemporary. Art was called modern because it did not build on
what come before it or rely on the teachings of the art academies, contemporary art from twenty first
century. The artist of these generation create a unique form of art where the arts is globally influenced
culturally diverse and technologically advanced. This kind of art form challenges the traditional
boundaries and defy easy definition by using dynamic combination of unique methods, concepts and
subjects.

Photo realism

It is a genre of art that encompasses painting, drawing and other graphic media, in which an artist
studies a photography and then attempts to reproduce the image as realistically as possible in another
medium, cannot exist without the photograph. Photorealist gather their imagery and information with
the camera and photograph. Conceptualism is the conceptual art the idea or concept is the most
important aspect of the work. When an artist uses a conceptual form of art, it means that all of planning
and decisions.

Performance of art > is a performance presented to an audience with in a fine art context, traditionally
interdisciplinary performance may be either scripted or unscripted, random or carefully orchestrated.
Spontaneous or otherwise carefully planned with or without the audience participatingly.

Installation art is relatively new genre of contemporary art practiced by an increasing number of
postmodernist artist. A traditional painting or sculpture which is normally seen from a single reference
point. An installation may engage several of the viewers sense including touch, sound and smell as well
as vision.

Earth art is an art movement which emerged in the united states in the late 1960”s and early 1970”s
with landscape and the work of art are inextricably linked sculptures are not placed in the landscape
rather the landscape is the means of their creation.

Street art

 Is visual art created in public location, usually unsanctioned artwork excecuted outside of the
context of traditional art venues. Other term of this art is include independent public art, this
art is commonly found in streets and in other public places.
 CHAPTER 10
In this chapter, an artwork is an avenue for an artist to express narratives for an artist to express
narratives through symbols, during this twentieth century, issues on ownership and authorship have
emerged primarily because of the value ascribed to the viewer of the work. When it comes to art, it
require understanding the visual elements where art was grounded especially the principles of design.

Content of an artwork includes the textures, colors, and shapes utilized by the artist. The context of
artwork includes not only its form but also its subject matter underlying meaning of themes, motifs and
composition.

Improvisation

Can be define as doing something without prior preparation. It is an integral parts of the arts. The
unexpectedness of the changes brought about by improvisation makes the artwork to have a distinctive
quality that creates its individuality and identity.

Appropriation

it is the common practice art. The intentions of the appropriation, artist are often questioned since
issues of plagiarism or forgery sometimes arise, appropriation artist who seem to promote the idea that
the authorship relies on the viewer. The artist can take as much as he wants from an existing artwork.

CHAPTER 11

ART IN ASIA

When an ancient civilization in asia flourished, trade become a very important activity, and in process of
establishing trading relationships among those asean countries, they started sharing about their cultures
and systems of beliefs. China is most oldest civilization in asia, china is rich in history when it comes to
culture and the arts. Japan was influenced by china in terms of the arts, and later on they fused together
east and west. Both Chinese and Japanese artwork and concrete manifestations of their cultural identify
as a people.

Chinese art

History shows that china has been at the leading especially in terms of cultural development. Chinese
artist started making art that highlighted their own culture. Paintings usually depicted magical places
and palms that were born out of sheen imagination while still infusing the Chinese characters that
define their culture.
In china, porcelain is one of the commonly used items to make decorative ornaments, such as vases and
jar. Some common over aching themes of the Chinese artwork includes everyday activities, war and
violence, death and nature. Chinese art work involve a lot of symbolisms.

Japanese art

Japanese people were infuse local and indigenous materials with modern western subjects and focal
prints. Some important to take note that there are Korean and Chinese influences evident Japanese
artworks and one of the Japanese artwork called Haniwa, these are terracotta figures that are made up
of clay, they placed beside burial spots for the reasons that unknown.

The native religion of japan is Shintoism. When japan established trading relations with china, they did
not only trade golds with them but they were also influenced by the Chinese with their religious beliefs
and practices. Buddhism became an integral part of Japanese culture. Artwork such as buddah were
produced. Buddhist staples in key places. Art has become an expression of worship for the Japanese
people.

Philippine art

In Philippine history, from the precolonial period to the contemporary periods, different art forms have
emerged in the Philippines’ art scene ethnic minoritics have use their art not only for daily activities but
also for religious rituals and practices. When the Philippines become liberated from the Spanish rule, the
Americans took over to establish a colonial government, they also propagated their culture and beliefs

Through the implementation of public school systems. Art had a new role in advertising American-
controlled markets.