I.

Background situation

The International Rescue Committee (IRC) is an international non-governmental organization. In

1942, the European-based International Relief Association and the Emergency Rescue
Committee joined to form the IRC in an effort to help millions of displaced people during World
War II (Jessica Walner, 2017). Secretary General Ban Ki Moon remarked that “right now, less
than two percent of humanitarian aid goes to education. We have to do more to help children in
crises”1. IRC is proud to be among the 2 percent. International rescue provides aid within 72
hours and always make great effort for each humanitarian emergency.

To assess the external environmental factors effecting the organization’s operation, we take
PESTEL as a useful tool. In terms of political, the Trump administration proposed, the
boundaries of humanitarian and the most important, cross border situations are different then
IRC must keep its eyes on those policies and changes. The phenomenon of financial stress and
its relationship to mental health through a mediating chain of factors—financial self-efficacy and
financial anxiety has also impact on the operation of IRC (Youn Kyoung Kim, 2019). In terms of
social, language difficulty and barriers to accessing education, employment opportunities, and
health care caused stress in all cultural groups (Fern R. Hauck, 2014). Besides, IRC has to show
that it’s an international organization so that people can take part in with it and therefore can
connect the world together. The social media explosion has allowed the process of helping
refugees more convenient. Through social media, thousands of people now can catch up with the
latest news then they could give a hand to help. There are many legal problems that could affect
IRC such as legal problems relating to jobs, accommodation for refugees. IRC must not get in
environmental factor.

IRC’s mission is “To help people whose lives and livelihoods are shattered by conflict and
disaster to survive, recover and gain control of their futures”. Its vision is “IRC will lead the
humanitarian field by implementing high – impact, cost effective programs for people affected
by crisis and by using its learning and experience to shape policy and practice”. (IRC Pakistan:
Strategy Action Plan).

II. Calculation

According to the basic data we have:

• The AS532 Cougar helicopters can travel at the speed of 249km/h.

• They need to travel 35km from Berechid to HQ.

1
United Nations Secretary General, “Remarks at the Oslo Summit on Education for
Development”. https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/speeches/2015-07-07/remarks-oslo-
summit-education-development
 • A calculation here is 35 / 249 = 0.14. Then, it will take 0.14 of an hour = 8.4 minutes for
a Cougar helicopter to travel 35km at its top speed.

Let’s imagine the chain of rescuing people at Berechid as a supply chain. There are 100
helicopters will in turn travel from HQ to Berechid to evacuate 16.000 trapped people.

Arriving at Arriving back

Leaving
Leaving 35km Berechid 35km at HQ and
Berechid
HQ and loading disembarking
with
8.4 min passengers 11 min 8.4 min passengers
passengers

The chain starts at HQ. It takes 8.4 minutes for AS532 to travel to Berechid, 11 minute to load
passengers and 8.4 minute to travel back to HQ from Berechid. Again, it needs 11 minute to let
evacuees down and start travelling back to HQ.

The total time of one chain like this is:

8.4 + 11 + 8.4 + 11 = 38.8 minutes.

However, there is a required five minute window after the departure of a helicopter from the
disaster area landing zone before another helicopter may land then starting from the second chain
we will need to add 5 minutes for so the total time will increase (from 38.8 to 43.8 minutes).
The last chain will remain 38.8 minute like the first one.

The number of trip each helicopter needs to travel to pick up the whole trapped people.

(16.000/20)/100 = 8 (trips)

The total time for the final evacuation (regardless of refueling time):

(38.8 x 2) + [{(100 x 8) – 2} x 43.8] = 35030 (minutes)

Converting minute to hour and day we have:

35030/60 = 583.83 hours / 24 = 24.3 days (approximately 25 days)

As there is only one landing zone then there is only one helicopter can land at one time.
Therefore, the extraction takes total of 25 days/ 1 = 25 days.

Tthe number of people can be rescued per day:

 16.000/25 = 640 people

Demonstrating this figure in percentage we have

(640/16000)*100 = 4% (people rescued per day)

Although the helicopter needs 30 minutes to refuel, this time won’t be added in this supply chain.
International Rescue has total 100 AS532 helicopters, they will in turn travel to Berechid, each
helicopter will wait for the others to complete the chain before it can departure. The waiting time
is shorter than the time needed to complete one round so the time of refueling of each helicopter
can be made during the time another one is doing its mission.

Each person requires 0.65 kilogram (650 grams) of food per day (including 150 grams protein
and 500 grams of canned vegetables) and 7.5 litres water per day. Therefore, the total of food
and water needed in 72 hours is:

(16.000 x 0.65) x 3 = 31.200 (kilograms)

(16.000 x 7.5) x 3 = 360.000 (litres)

The maximum weight of food and water needed is summarized at this below table:

The
Number of The
number The
people need Time of number The amount
of amount of
to be providing of of food
rescued water
provided food remain needed
people needed
food people
per day
16,000 1 640 15,360 10,400 120,000
15,360 2 640 14,720 9,984 115,200
14,720 3 640 14,080 9,568 110,400
14,080 4 640 13,440 9,152 105,600
13,440 5 640 12,800 8,736 100,800
12,800 6 640 12,160 8,320 96,000
12,160 7 640 11,520 7,904 91,200
11,520 8 640 10,880 7,488 86,400
10,880 9 640 10,240 7,072 81,600
10,240 10 640 9,600 6,656 76,800
9,600 11 640 8,960 6,240 72,000
8,960 12 640 8,320 5,824 67,200
8,320 13 640 7,680 5,408 62,400
7,680 14 640 7,040 4,992 57,600
7,040 15 640 6,400 4,576 52,800
6,400 16 640 5,760 4,160 48,000
5,760 17 640 5,120 3,744 43,200
 5,120 18 640 4,480 3,328 38,400
4,480 19 640 3,840 2,912 33,600
3,840 20 640 3,200 2,496 28,800
3,200 21 640 2,560 2,080 24,000
2,560 22 640 1,920 1,664 19,200
1,920 23 640 1,280 1,248 14,400
1,280 24 640 640 832 9,600
640 25 640 - 416 4,800
TOTAL 135,200 1,560,000

Table 1: The maximum weight of food and water needed to provide in the final evacuation

From these data above, the maximum weight of food and water that International Rescue must
provide for 72 hour period and the 25 days of final evacuation are:

135.200 + 31.200 = 166.400 (kilograms)

1.560.000 + 360.000 = 1.920.000 (litres)

After finding the maximum weight of water and food the next step is to find the most effective
way of distribution.

As the C-130 is an aircraft and the distance from HQ to Berechid is just 35km (too short), it’s
quite impossible

In this situation, 2000 Pouncer Drones must be used.

The time for one Pouncer Drone release the cargo of food and water is

35/222 = 0.16 (hour)

The total weight of water and food need to be carried is:

166.400 + 1.920.000 = 2.086.400 (kilograms) (Assuming the water here is pure)

The number of trips needed to carry all the weight:

2.086.400/ (50 x 2000) = 20,864 (trips) (approximately 21 trips)

The total time needed to carry all the weight:

21 * 0.16= 3.36 (hours)

III. Conclusion

To conclude, International rescue has to make an evacuation of 16.000 people in 25 days.

2000 Pouncer Drones will be used in order to release the total of 2.086.400 kilograms of food
and water for people in the disaster zone during the first 72 hour period and 25 days of
evacuation.

IV. Bibliography

Fern R. Hauck, Elsbeth Lo, Anna Maxwell & P. Preston Reynolds. (2014). Factors
influencing the Acculturation of Burmese, Bhutanese, and Iraqi Refugees Into American
Society: Cross – Cultural Comparisons, 12(3), 331 – 352.

Youn Kyoung Kim, Younghee Lim, Arati Maleku, Njeri Kagotho & Miyoun Yang. (2019).
Financial Stress and Depression Among African Refugees in the Southern United States: A
serial Multiple Meditation Analysis of Financial Self – Efficiency and Financial Anxiety,
latest article.

Jessica Warner. (2017). No Lost Generations: Refugee children and their human right to
education, from the Holocaust to the Syrian Civil War.

United Nations Secretary General, “Remarks at the Oslo Summit on Education for
Development”.

https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/speeches/2015-07-07/remarks-oslo-summit-education-
development

International Rescue Committee Pakistan: Strategy Action Plan

https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/611/2017jul3externalsappakistan.pdf

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