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4/27/2019
Dr. Nazeer Ahmad Anjum, UET, Taxila
Single-Factor Experiment 14
• Only one factor is investigated. The factor may
be either qualitative or quantitative.
• If the levels of a factor are qualitative (type of
tool, type of material, etc.), it is called
qualitative factor.
• If the levels of a factor are quantitative
(temperature, pressure, velocity, etc.), it is
called quantitative factor.
• The levels of a factor can be fixed (selecting
specific levels) or random (selecting randomly).
(1)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(8)
Note that the factor level (treatment) totals are used to compute
the treatment (factor) sum of squares.
Dr. Nazeer Ahmad Anjum, UET, Taxila 4/27/2019
Completely Randomized Design 23
Example: A manufacturing engineer wants to investigate the
effect of feed rate (mm/min) on the surface finish of a milling
operation. He has selected three different feed rates, i.e., 2, 4 and 6
mm/min for study and decided to obtain four observations at each
feed rate.
Thus, this study consists of 12 experiments (3 levels * 4
observations). Since the order of experimentation should be random,
a test sheet has to be prepared as explained below.
Driver Effect = 92 + 94 + 93 + 91 - 88 + 91 + 88 + 90
4 4
= 3.25
Dr. Nazeer Ahmad Anjum, UET, Taxila 4/27/2019
Factorial Designs 30
Ball Effect
Ball Effect = 88 + 91 + 92 + 94 - 88 + 90 + 93 + 91
4 4
= 0.75 Dr. Nazeer Ahmad Anjum, UET, Taxila 4/27/2019
Factorial Designs 31
Ball-Driver Effect