BSC Physics PDF

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS FOR

UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMMES
(with effect from 2015 admissions)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Board of Studies in Physics (U G) acknowledges the contributions from all
members in restructuring the Under Graduate Education in Physics. The abundant support
and recommendations from the sub-groups for designing different courses has shaped this
curriculum to this present nature.
We thank all for their benevolent support and cooperation to make this venture a
success.
For the Board of Studies in Physics,
Dr Issac Paul
(Chairman)
Board of Studies in Physics
Chairman
Dr Issac Paul, Head of the Department of Physics
Members
Faculty of the Department
1. Dr. Shajo Sebastian
2. Dr. Siby Kurien
3. Dr. Jacob Mathew M
4. Dr. K E Abraham
5. Dr. Gijo Jose
6. Dr. Sajith Mathews T
Corporate Sector
7. Mr. Christo George, Chairman and MD,HYKON India Pvt. Ltd., Trissur
8. Mr. TRR Nair, MD ESTRRADO Technologies, Thiruvananthapuram
External Experts
9. Dr. N V Unnikrishnan, Professor Emeritus, SPAP, MG University, Kottayam
10. Dr. Anil Shaji, Assistant Professor, School of Physics, IISER, Thiruvananthapuram
Distinguished Alumni
11. Dr. MT Jose, Scientist ‘G’, IGCAR, Kalpakkom, Tamilnadu
Vice Chancellor’s Nominee
12. Dr. C Sudarsanakumar, Director, SPAP, MG University, Kottayam
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME
I. Aims:
The Board of Studies in Physics (UG) recognizes that curriculum, course content and
assessment of scholastic achievement play complementary roles in shaping education. The
committee is of the view that assessment should support and encourage the broad
instructional goals such as basic knowledge of the discipline of Physics including
phenomenology, theories and techniques, concepts and general principles. This should also
support the ability to ask physical questions and to obtain solutions to physical questions by
use of qualitative and quantitative reasoning and by experimental investigation. The
important student attributes including appreciation of the physical world and the discipline of
Physics, curiosity, creativity and reasoned skepticism and understanding links of Physics to
other disciplines and to societal issues should gave encouragement. With this in mind, we aim
to provide a firm foundation in every aspect of Physics and to explain a broad spectrum of
modern trends in physics and to develop experimental, computational and mathematics skills
of students.
The programme also aims to develop the following abilities:
1 Read, understand and interpret physical information – verbal, mathematical and

graphical.
2 Equip students in methodology related to Physics.
3 Impart skills required to gather information from resources and use them.
4 To give need based education in physics of the highest quality at the undergraduate
level.
5 Offer courses to the choice of the students with interdisciplinary approach.
6 Perform experiments and interpret the results of observation, and make an assessment
of experimental uncertainties.
7 Provide an intellectually stimulating environment to develop skills and enthusiasm of
students to the best of their potential.
8 Use Information Communication Technology to gather knowledge at will.
9 Attract outstanding students from all backgrounds.
II. Course structure:
The U.G.programme in Physics must include
(a) Common courses, (b) Core courses, (c) Complementary Courses, (d) Open Courses and
(e) Project.
The number of Courses for the BSc Physics programme should contain 12 compulsory
core courses and 1 elective course from the frontier area of the core courses and a project; 8
complementary courses from the relevant subjects- Mathematics and Chemistry for
complementing the core of study. There should be 10 common courses, which includes the
first and second language of study.
No course shall carry more than 4 credits. The student shall select any Choice based
course offered by the department, depending on the availability of teachers and infrastructure
facilities, in the institution. Open course shall be offered in any subject and the student have
to opt for courses offered by other departments.
III. Objectives:
The syllabi are framed in such a way that it bridges the gap between the plus two and post
graduate levels of Physics by providing a more complete and logical framework in almost all
areas of basic Physics.
By the end of the first year (2nd semester), the students should have attained a
common level in basic mechanics, properties of matter, a secure foundation in mathematics
and other relevant subjects to complement the core for their future courses and developed
their experimental and data analysis skills through a wide range of experiments through
practical at laboratories.
By the end of the fourth semester, the students should have been introduced to
powerful tools for tackling a wide range of topics in Thermodynamics, Statistical Mechanics
Electricity, Electrodynamics and Electronics. They should have been familiar with additional
relevant mathematical techniques and other relevant subjects to complement the core and
developed their experimental skills through a series of experiments which also illustrate
major themes of the lecture courses.
By the end of the sixth semester, the students should have covered a range of topics in
almost all areas of physics including quantum physics, solid state physics, computational
physics, electronics etc. and had experience of independent work such as projects; seminars
etc. They should have been developed their understanding of core Physics.
REGULATIONS FOR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHYSICS UNDER
CREDIT SEMESTER SYSTEM (SB-CSS-UG) 2015
1. SHORT TITLE
1.1 These Regulations shall be called St. Berchmans College (Autonomous) Regulations
(2015) governing undergraduate programme in Physics under the Credit Semester
System.
1.2 These Regulations shall come into force with effect from the academic year 2015 -
2016 onwards.
2. SCOPE
2.1 The regulation provided herein shall apply to undergraduate programme in Physics
conducted by St. Berchmans College (Autonomous) with effect from the academic year
2015 - 2016.
3. DEFINITIONS
3.1 ‘University’ means Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala.
3.2 ‘College’ means St. Berchmans College (Autonomous).
3.3 There shall be an Academic Committee nominated by the Principal to look after the
matters relating to the SB-CSS-UG system.
3.4 ‘Academic Council’ means the Committee consisting of members as provided under
section 107 of the Autonomy Ordinance, Government of Kerala.
3.5 ‘Parent Department’ means the Department of Physics.
3.6 ‘Department Council’ means the body of all teachers of the Department of Physics.
3.7 ‘Faculty Mentor’ is a teacher nominated by a Department Council to coordinate the
continuous evaluation and other academic activities of the Undergraduate programme
undertaken in the Department.
3.8 ‘Programme’ means a three year programme of study and examinations.
3.9 ‘Duration of Programme’ means the period of time required for the conduct of the
programme. The duration of an undergraduate programme shall be six (6) semesters.
3.10 ‘Semester’ means a term consisting of a minimum of 450 contact hours distributed over
90 working days, inclusive of examination days, within 18 five-day academic weeks.
3.11 ‘Course’ means a segment of subject matter to be covered in a semester. Each Course is
to be designed under lectures/ tutorials/ laboratory work/ seminar/ project/
practical/assignments/evaluation etc., to meet effective teaching and learning needs.
3.12 ‘Course Teacher’ means the teacher who is taking classes on the course.
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3.13 ‘Core Course’ means a course that the student admitted to a particular programme must
successfully complete to receive the Degree and which cannot be substituted by any
other course.
3.14 ‘Complementary Course’ means a course which would enrich the study of core courses.
3.15 ‘Common Course I’ means a course that comes under the category of courses for
English.
3.16 ‘Common Course II’ means additional language, which can be opted by a student, from
among the languages offered by the College.
3.17 The selection of Common Course I and II is compulsory for all students undergoing
undergraduate programmes.
3.18 ‘Open Course’ means a course outside the field specialization of the student, which can
be opted by a student.
3.19 ‘Elective Course’ means a course, which can be substituted, by equivalent course from
the same subject and the number of courses required to complete the programme shall
be decided by the respective Board of Studies.
3.20 ‘Extra credit course’ means a course opted by the students, in addition to the
compulsory courses, in order to gain additional credit that would boost the performance
level and additional skills. The extra credits are not mandatory for a pass in the
programme.
3.21 ‘Project’ means a regular project work with stated credits on which the student conducts
a project under the supervision of a teacher in the parent department/any appropriate
research centre in order to submit a dissertation on the project work as specified.
3.22 ‘Dissertation’ means a minor thesis to be submitted at the end of a research work
carried out by each student under the supervision of a teacher in the parent department
on a specific area.
3.23 ‘Plagiarism’ is the unreferenced use of other authors’ material in dissertations and is a
serious academic offence.
3.24 ‘Seminar’ means a lecture expected to train the student in self-study, collection of
relevant matter from books and internet resources, editing, document writing, typing
and presentation.
3.25 ‘Tutorial’ means a class to provide an opportunity to interact with students at their
individual level to identify the strength and weakness of individual students.
3.26 ‘Evaluation’ means every student shall be evaluated by in-semester assessment (20%)
and end-semester assessment (80%).
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3.27 ‘Improvement Examination’ is an examination conducted to improve the performance
of a student in the courses of a particular semester.
3.28 ‘Supplementary Examination’ is an examination conducted for students who fail in the
courses of a particular semester.
3.29 ‘Improvement Course’ is a course registered by a student for improving the
performance in that particular course.
3.30 ‘Supplementary Course’ is a course that is repeated by a student for having failed in that
course in an earlier registration.
3.31 The minimum credits, required for completing an undergraduate programme is one
hundred and twenty (120).
3.32 ‘Credit’ (C) of a course is a measure of the weekly unit of work assigned for that course
in a semester.
3.33 ‘Course Credit’: One credit of the course is defined as a minimum of one (1) hour
lecture/minimum of two (2) hours laboratory work per week for eighteen (18) weeks in
a semester. The course will be considered as completed only by conducting the final
examination.
3.34 ‘Grade’ means a letter symbol (A, B, C etc.) which indicates the broad level of
performance of a student in a course/semester/programme.
3.35 ‘Grade Point’ (GP) is the numerical indicator of the percentage of marks awarded to a
student in a course.
3.36 ‘Credit Point’ (CP) of a course is the value obtained by multiplying the grade point
(GP) by the credit (C) of the course.
3.37 ‘Semester Credit Point Average’ (SCPA) of a semester is calculated by dividing total
credit points obtained by the student in a semester by total credits of that semester and
shall be rounded off to two decimal places.
3.38 ‘Cumulative Credit Point Average’ (CCPA) is the value obtained by dividing the sum
of credit points in all the courses obtained by the student for the entire programme by
the total credits of the whole programme and shall be rounded off to two decimal
places.
3.39 ‘Institution Average’ is the value obtained by dividing the sum of the marks obtained by
all students in a particular course by the number of students in respective course.
3.40 ‘Weighted Average Score’ means the score obtained by dividing sum of the products of
marks secured and credit of each course by the total credits of that semester/programme
and shall be rounded off to two decimal places.
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3.41 ‘Grace Marks’ means marks awarded to course/courses as per the choice of the student,
in recognition of meritorious achievements of a student in NCC/NSS/Sports/Arts and
cultural activities.
3.42 First, Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth position shall be awarded to students who come
in the first five places on the basis of overall marks in the programme in the first chance
itself.
4. PROGRAMME STRUCTURE
4.1. Students shall be admitted into six semester undergraduate programme.
4.2. The programme shall include Core courses, Complementary courses, Common courses,
Open course and Elective courses. There shall be a Project with dissertation to be
undertaken by all students. The programme will also include assignments, seminars,
practical, viva-voce etc.
4.3. Total credits for Bsc Physics programme is one hundred and twenty (120). The credit
distribution for the programmes is shown below.
i. Programme duration 6 Semesters
ii. Total Credits required for successful completion
120
of the programme
iii. Minimum credits required from Core +
79
Complementary courses including Project
iv. Minimum credits required from Common
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courses
v. Minimum credits required from Open course 3
vi. Minimum attendance required 75%
4.4. Project/Industrial Visit
All students shall do a project in the sixth semester. The project shall be done
individually or as a group of maximum five (5) students. The projects shall be
identified during the third semester of the programme with the help of the supervising
teacher. The report of the project shall be submitted to the department during sixth
semester and shall be produced before the examiners appointed by the College. The
project report shall be subject to internal and external evaluation followed by a viva-
voce.
All students shall also do an industrial visit. An individual report has to be submitted
during the project evaluation in the sixth semester.
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4.5. Evaluations
The evaluation of each course shall contain two parts.
i Internal or In-Semester Assessment (ISA)
ii External or End-Semester Assessment (ESA)
Both ISA and ESA shall be carried out using indirect grading. The ISA:ESA ratio shall
be 1:4, for courses with or without practical. There shall be a maximum of eighty (80)
marks for external evaluation and twenty (20) marks for internal evaluation.
4.6. In-semester assessment
The components of the internal or in-semester assessment and their marks are as given
below.
For all courses without practical
There are three components for ISA, which include attendance,
assignment/seminar/viva-voce and in-semester examination. All the three components
of the internal assessment are mandatory.
Components of ISA Marks
Attendance 5
Assignment/Seminar/Viva-Voce 5
In-semester examination (2×5 = 10) 10
Total 20
Marks for attendance
% of Attendance Marks
90 and above 5
85 - 89 4
80 - 84 3
76 - 79 2
75 1
(Decimals shall be rounded off to the next higher whole number)
For all courses with practical
Internal assessment of theory courses
There are three components for ISA of theory courses, which include attendance,
assignment/seminar/viva-voce and in-semester examination. All the three components
of the internal assessment are mandatory.
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ISA - Components of Theory Marks
Attendance 2
Assignment/Seminar/Viva-Voce 3
In-semester examination (2×2.5 = 5) 5
Total 10
90 and above 2
75 - 89 1
Internal assessment of practical courses
The internal assessment of practical courses shall be conducted in each semester. The
components for internal assessment are given below.
Internal assessment of practical courses evaluated in each semester
ISA - Components of Practical Marks
Attendance 2
Lab involvement 2
Record* 3
Test (one) 1
Viva-Voce 2
Total 10
*Marks awarded for Record should be related to number of experiments/practicals
recorded.
90 and above 2
75 - 89 1
The components and marks for lab involvement shall be decided by the respective
board of studies.
4.7. Assignments
Assignments shall be submitted for every course in the first four semesters. At least
one assignment for each course shall be submitted in each semester.
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4.8. In-semester examination
Every student shall undergo at least two in-semester examinations as class test as an
internal component for every course.
4.9. To ensure transparency of the evaluation process, the ISA mark awarded to the students
in each course in a semester shall be published on the notice board according to the
schedule in the academic calendar published by the College. There shall not be any
chance for improvement for ISA. The course teacher and the faculty mentor shall
maintain the academic record of each student registered for the course which shall be
forwarded to the office of the Controller of Examinations through the Head of the
Department and a copy should be kept in the office of the Head of the Department for at
least two years for verification.
4.10. A student who has not secured minimum marks in internal examinations can redo the
same before the end semester examination of the semester concerned.
4.11. End-semester assessment
The end-semester examination in theory and practical courses shall be conducted by the
College.
4.12. The end-semester examinations shall be conducted at the end of each semester. There
shall be one end-semester examination of three (3) hours duration in each lecture based
course.
4.13. The question paper should be strictly on the basis of model question paper set by Board
of Studies.
4.14. A question paper may contain short answer type/annotation, short essay type
questions/problems and long essay type questions.
For all courses without practical
Number of
Total
Section Type of Questions Questions to be Marks
Marks
answered
A Very short answer type 10 out of 10 1 10
B Short answer type 8 out of 12 2 16
Short essay/problem
C 6 out of 9 4 24
solving type
D Essay type 2 out of 4 15 30
26 out of 35 80
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For all courses with practical
Number of
Total
Section Type of Questions Questions to be Marks
Marks
answered
A Very short answer type 8 out of 8 1 8
B Short answer type 6 out of 10 2 12
Short essay/problem
C 4 out of 6 4 16
solving type
D Essay type 2 out of 4 12 24
20 out of 28 60
4.15. Photocopies of the answer scripts of the external examination shall be made available to
the students for scrutiny as per the regulations in the examination manual.
4.16. Practical examination shall be conducted in each semester. The duration and frequency
of practical examination shall be decided by the respective Board of Studies.
4.17. Practical examination shall be conducted by one external examiner and one internal
examiner. The question paper setting and evaluation of answer scripts shall be done as
per the directions in the examination manual of the College.
4.18. The marks for end-semester theory and practical examinations are given below
Course Marks
Courses without practical 80
Course with practical 60
Practical (assessment in each semester) 20
4.19. The project report shall be subject to internal and external evaluation followed by a
viva-voce at the end of the programme. Internal Evaluation is to be done by the
supervising teacher and external evaluation by an external evaluation board consisting
of an examiner appointed by the College and the Head of the Department or his
nominee. A viva-voce related to the project work shall be conducted by the external
evaluation board and students have to attend the viva-voce individually.
Components of Project Evaluation Marks
Internal Evaluation 20
Dissertation (External) 40
Industrial Visit 10
Viva-Voce (External) 30
Total 100
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4.20. If the student fails in project evaluation, he or she shall submit the project report after
modifying it on the basis of the recommendations of the examiners.
4.21. For all courses (theory and practical) an indirect grading system based on a ten (10)
point scale according to the percentage of marks (ISA + ESA) is used to evaluate the
performance of the student in that course. The percentage shall be rounded
mathematically to the nearest whole number.
Percentage of
Grade Performance Grade Point
Marks
90 and above A+ Outstanding 10
80 - 89 A Excellent 9
70 - 79 B Very Good 8
60 - 69 C Good 7
50 - 59 D Satisfactory 6
40 - 49 E Adequate 5
Below 40 F Failure -
5. CREDIT POINT AND CREDIT POINT AVERAGE
5.1. Credit Point
Credit Point (CP) of a course is calculated using the formula
CP = C × GP
where C = Credit; GP = Grade Point
5.2. Semester Credit Point Average
Semester Credit Point Average (SCPA) is calculated using the formula
SCPA = TCP/TC
where TCP = Total Credit Point of all the courses in the semester; TC = Total Credits in
the semester
CPA shall be rounded off to two decimal places.
5.3. Cumulative Credit Point Average
Cumulative Credit Point Average (CCPA) is calculated using the formula
CCPA = TCP/TC
where TCP = Total Credit Point of all the courses in the whole programme; TC = Total
Credit in the whole programme
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Grades for the different semesters, Semester Credit Point Average (SCPA) and grades
for overall programme, Cumulative Credit Point Average (CCPA) are given based on
the corresponding Credit Point Average (CPA) as shown below:
CPA Grade Performance
9.00 and above A+ Outstanding
8.00 - 8.99 A Excellent
7.00 - 7.99 B Very Good
6.00 - 6.99 C Good
5.00 - 5.99 D Satisfactory
4.00 - 4.99 E Adequate
Below 4.00 F Failure
5.4. A separate minimum of 30% marks each for internal and external (for both theory and
practical) and aggregate minimum of 40% are required for a pass in a course.
5.5. For a pass in a programme, a separate minimum of grade E is required for all the
individual courses.
5.6. If a candidate secures F Grade for any one of the courses offered in a
semester/programme, only F grade will be awarded for that semester/programme until
the student improves this to E grade or above within the permitted period.
5.7. Candidate who secures E grade and above will be eligible for higher studies.
6. SUPPLEMENTARY/IMPROVEMENT EXAMINATION
There will be supplementary examinations and chance for improvement. Only one
chance will be given for improving the marks of a course.
7. ATTENDANCE
7.1. The minimum requirement of aggregate attendance during a semester for appearing the
end semester examination shall be 75%. Condonation of shortage of attendance to a
maximum of ten (10) days in a semester subject to a maximum of two times during the
whole period of undergraduate programme may be granted by the College.
7.2. If a student represents the College, University, State or Nation in Sports, NCC, NSS or
Cultural or any other officially sponsored activities such as College union/University
union activities etc., he/she shall be eligible to claim the attendance for the actual
number of days participated subject to a maximum of ten (10) days in a semester based
on the specific recommendations of the Faculty Mentor and Head of the Department.
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7.3. A student who does not satisfy the requirements of attendance shall not be permitted to
appear for the end-semester examinations.
7.4. Those students who are not eligible even with condonation of shortage of attendance
shall repeat the course along with the next batch.
8. BOARD OF STUDIES AND COURSES
8.1. The Board of Studies shall design all the courses offered in the UG programme. The
Board shall design and introduce new courses, modify or re-design existing courses and
replace any existing courses with new/modified courses to facilitate better exposure and
training for the students.
8.2. The syllabus of a course shall include the title of the course, contact hours, the number
of credits and reference materials.
8.3. Each course shall have an alpha numeric code which includes abbreviation of the course
in two letters, the semester number, code of the course and the serial number of the
course.
8.4. Every Programme conducted under Credit Semester System shall be monitored by the
Academic Council.
9. REGISTRATION
9.1. A student shall be permitted to register for the programme at the time of admission.
9.2. A student may be permitted to complete the programme, on valid reasons, within a
period of twelve (12) continuous semesters from the date of commencement of the first
semester of the programme.
9.3. The minimum strength of students for open courses is 15 and the maximum is 75 per
batch.
9.4. Each student shall register for the open courses in the prescribed registration form in
consultation with the faculty mentor during fourth semester. Faculty mentor shall
permit registration on the basis of the preferences of the student and availability of
seats.
9.5. Those students who possess the required minimum attendance and progress during an
academic year/semester and could not register for the annual/semester examination in
time are permitted to apply for Notional Registration to the examinations concerned
enabling them to get promoted to the next semester.
10. ADMISSION
10.1. The admission to BSc Physics programme shall be as per the rules and regulations of
the College/University.
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10.2. The eligibility criteria for admission shall be as announced by the College/University
from time to time.
10.3. Separate rank lists shall be drawn up for seats under reservation quota as per the
existing rules.
10.4. There shall be a uniform academic and examination calendar prepared by the College
for the conduct of the programmes.
11. ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS
11.1. Candidates for admission to the first semester of the UG programme through SB-CSS-
UG shall be required to have passed Plus Two or equivalent examination or any other
examination of any recognized authority, accepted by the Academic council of
Mahatma Gandhi University as equivalent thereto.
11.2. Students admitted under this programme are governed by the Regulations in force.
12. PROMOTION
A student who registers his/her name for the external examination for a semester will be
eligible for promotion to the next semester.
13. MARK CUM GRADE CARD
13.1. The College under its seal shall issue to the students, a Mark cum Grade card on
completion of each semester, which shall contain the following information.
i. Name of the Student
ii. Register Number
iii. Photo of the student
iv. Degree
v. Programme
vi. Semester and Name of the Examination
vii. Month and Year of Examination
viii. Stream
ix. Course Code, Title and Credits of each course opted in the semester
x. Marks for ISA, ESA, Total Marks (ISA + ESA), Maximum Marks, Letter Grade,
Grade Point (GP), Credit Point (CP) and Institution Average in each course opted
in the semester
xi. Total Credits, Marks Awarded, Credit Point, SCPA and Letter Grade in the
semester
xii. Weighted Average Score
xiii. Result
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13.2. The final Mark cum Grade Card issued at the end of the final semester shall contain the
details of all courses taken during the entire programme including those taken over and
above the prescribed minimum credits for obtaining the degree. The final Mark Cum
Grade Card shall show the CCPA and the overall letter grade of a student for the entire
programme.
14. AWARD OF DEGREE
The successful completion of all the courses with ‘E’ grade shall be the minimum
requirement for the award of the degree.
15. MONITORING COMMITTEE
There shall be a Monitoring Committee constituted by the Principal to monitor the
internal evaluation conducted by the College. The Course Teacher, Faculty Mentor, and
the College Coordinator should keep all the records of the continuous evaluation, for at
least a period of two years, for verification.
16. GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM
16.1. In order to address the grievance of students regarding ISA, a two-level Grievance
Redressal mechanism is envisaged.
16.2. A student can approach the upper level only if grievance is not addressed at the lower
level.
16.3. Department level: The Principal shall form a Grievance Redressal Committee in each
Department comprising of course teacher and one senior teacher as members and the
Head of the Department as Chairman. The Committee shall address all grievances
relating to the internal assessment of the students.
16.4. College level: There shall be a College level Grievance Redressal Committee
comprising of Faculty Mentor, two senior teachers and two staff council members (one
shall be an elected member) and the Principal as Chairman. The Committee shall
address all grievances relating to the internal assessment of the students.
17. TRANSITORY PROVISION
Notwithstanding anything contained in these regulations, the Principal shall, for a
period of three years from the date of coming into force of these regulations, have the
power to provide by order that these regulations shall be applied to any programme with
such modifications as may be necessary.
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Model Mark cum Grade Card – Semester I
MARK CUM GRADE CARD

Date:
Name of the Candidate :
Register Number :
Degree : Bachelor of Science Photo
Programme : Physics
Stream : Model I
Name of Examination : First Semester SB-CSS-UG Examination, Month YYYY
Marks
Grade Awarded (G)
Institution Average
ISA ESA Total
Grade Point (GP)

Credit Point (CP)
Course
Course Title Result
Credits (C)
Maximum
Maximum
Maximum
Code
Awarded
Awarded
Awarded
Common Course - I
Common Course - II
Core Course
Complementary Course
Total
Weighted Average Score
Semester Result
SCPA
***End of Statement***
Entered by:
Verified by:
Controller of Examinations
Principal
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Model Mark cum Grade Card (Semester V)
MARK CUM GRADE CARD

Date:
Register Number :
Programme : Physics
Stream : Model I
Name of Examination : Fifth Semester SB-CSS-UG Examination, Month YYYY
Marks
Grade Awarded (G)
Institution Average
ISA ESA Total
Grade Point (GP)

Credit Point (CP)
Course
Course Title Result
Credits (C)
Maximum
Maximum
Maximum
Code
Awarded
Awarded
Awarded
Core Course
Open Course
Total
Semester Result
SCPA
***End of Statement***
Entered by:
Verified by:
Principal
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Model Mark cum Grade Card (Semester VI)
MARK CUM GRADE CARD

Date:
Register Number :
Programme : Physics
Stream : Model I
Name of Examination : Sixth Semester SB-CSS-UG Examination, Month YYYY
Marks
Grade Awarded (G)
Institution Average
ISA ESA Total
Grade Point (GP)

Credit Point (CP)
Course
Course Title Result
Credits (C)
Maximum
Maximum
Maximum
Code
Awarded
Awarded
Core Course Awarded
Elective Course
Project
Total
Semester Result
SCPA
Semester Results Programme Part Results

Semester Marks Maximum Credits SCPA Grade Month & Year Result Course Category and Marks Maximum Credits CCPA Grade
Awarded Marks of Passing Subject Studied Awarded Marks
I Common Course I
II Common Course II
III Core Course
IV Complementary Course
V Complementary Course
VI Open Course
Project
Elective Course
Total
Final Result
Cumulative Credit Point Average (CCPA):
Grade Awarded:
Entered by:
Verified by:
Principal
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Reverse side of the Mark cum Grade Card (COMMON FOR ALL SEMESTERS)
Description of the Evaluation Process - Grade and Grade Point
The evaluation of each course comprises of internal and external components in the ratio 1:4
for all Courses. Grades and Grade Points are given on a ten (10) point scale based on the
percentage of Total Marks (ISA + ESA) as given in Table 1.
(Decimals are to be rounded mathematically to the nearest whole number)
Percentage of
Grade Performance Grade Point
Marks
90 and above A+ Outstanding 10
80 - 89 A Excellent 9
70 - 79 B Very Good 8
60 - 69 C Good 7
50 - 59 D Satisfactory 6
40 - 49 E Adequate 5
Below 40 F Failure -
Table 1
Semester Credit Point Average (SCPA) and Cumulative Credit Point Average (CCPA)
Grades for the different Semesters and overall Programme are given based on the
corresponding CPA, as shown in Table 2.
CPA Grade Performance
+
9.00 and above A Outstanding
8.00 - 8.99 A Excellent
7.00 - 7.99 B Very Good
6.00 - 6.99 C Good
5.00 - 5.99 D Satisfactory
4.00 - 4.99 E Adequate
Below 4.00 F Failure
Table 2
Credit Point (CP) of a course is calculated using the formula
CP = C × GP
where C = Credit; GP = Grade Point
Credit Point Average (CPA) of a Semester/Programme is calculated using the formula
CPA = TCP/TC
where TCP = Total Credit Point; TC = Total Credit
A separate minimum of 30% marks is required for a pass for both internal assessment and
external assessment inn each course.
An aggregate minimum of 40% marks is required for a pass in each course.
.
xvii
PROGRAMME STRUCTURE
Total Credits: 120
Semester I
Sl. Hours/
Course Title Credits Marks
No. week
1 Common Course I 5 4 100
3 Common Course II 4 4 100
4 Core Course 2 2 70
5 Core Course Practical 2 1 30
6 Complementary Course: Mathematics 4 3 100
7 Complementary Course: Chemistry 2 2 70
Evaluation in
8 Complementary Course Practical: Chemistry 2
Semester II
Total 25 19 570
Semester II
Sl. Hours/
No. week
8 Complementary Course Practical: Chemistry 2 2 60
Total 25 21 630
Semester III
Sl. Hours/
Course Title Credits
No. week
Evaluation in
7 Complementary Course Practical: Chemistry 2
Semester IV
Total 25 19 470
1
Semester IV
Sl. Hours/
No. week
7 Complementary Course Practical: Chemistry 2 2 60
Total 25 21 530
Semester V
Sl. Hours/
No. week
5 Open Course 4 3 100
Total 25 19 500
Semester VI
Sl. Hours/
No. week
5 Elective Course 5 4 100
10 Project/Industry Visit Report - 1 100
Total 25 21 600
Grand Total 120 3300
2
OUTLINE OF THE CORE COURSES
hours for the

Instructional
Instructional
hours/week
course
Course
Title of the Course Credits ISA ESA Total
Code
Semester I
ABPH101 Foundation Course in Physics 2 36 2 10 60 70
ABPH1P01 Foundation Course in Physics (P) 2 36 1 10 20 30
Semester II
Mechanics and Properties of
ABPH202 2 36 2 10 60 70
Matter
Mechanics and Properties of
ABPH2P02 2 36 1 10 20 30
Matter (P)
Semester III
ABPH303 Basic Electronics 3 54 3 10 60 70
ABPH3P03 Basic Electronics (P) 2 36 1 10 20 30
Semester IV
Electricity, Magnetism and
ABPH404 3 54 3 10 60 70
Electrodynamics
Electricity, Magnetism and
ABPH4P04 2 36 1 10 20 30
Electrodynamics (P)
Semester V
Classical Mechanics and
ABPH505 4 72 3 10 60 70
Relativity
Physical Optics and Atomic
ABPH506 3 54 3 10 60 70
Spectroscopy
ABPH507 Thermal and Statistical Physics 3 54 3 10 60 70
Linear Integrated Circuits and
ABPH508 3 54 3 10 60 70
Digital Electronics
Classical Mechanics and
ABPH5P05 2 36 1 10 20 30
Relativity (P)
Physical Optics and Atomic
ABPH5P06 2 36 1 10 20 30
Spectroscopy (P)
Thermal and Statistical Physics
ABPH5P07 2 36 1 10 20 30
(P)
Linear Integrated Circuits and
ABPH5P08 2 36 1 10 20 30
Digital Electronics (P)
3
hours for the
Instructional
Instructional
hours/week
course
Course
Code
Semester VI
ABPH609 Computational Physics 3 54 3 10 60 70
ABPH610 Nuclear and Particle Physics 3 54 3 10 60 70
ABPH611 Condensed Matter Physics 3 54 3 10 60 70
Basic Quantum Mechanics and
ABPH612 3 54 3 10 60 70
Spectroscopy
Elective Course 5 90 4 20 80 100
ABPH6P09 Computational Physics (P) 2 36 1 10 20 30
ABPH6P10 Nuclear and Particle Physics (P) 2 36 1 10 20 30
ABPH6P11 Condensed Matter Physics (P) 2 36 1 10 20 30
Quantum Mechanics and
ABPH6P12 2 36 1 10 20 30
Spectroscopy (P)
ABPH6PJ Project/Industry Visit Report - - 1 20 80 100
4
ELECTIVE COURSES
Course Code Title of the Course
ABPH6E01 Astronomy and Astrophysics

ABPH6E02 Information Technology
ABPH6E03 Renewable Energy Technology
ABPH6E04 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
ABPH6E05 Optoelectronics
5
6
SEMESTER I
ABPH101: FOUNDATION COURSE IN PHYSICS

Credits: 2 Contact Lecture Hours: 36
Scope: This course will be an introduction to the pursuit of Physics, its history and basic
footsteps. The course also aims at emphasizing the importance of measurement which is
central to physics.
Prerequisites: This is an introductory course. Any student who opts to take Physics as the
core subject for B. Sc. should attend this course.
Module I
Evolution of Physics: (2 Hour for guidance only)
Hypotheses; theories and laws in science- verification (proving), corroboration and
falsification (disproving), Revision of scientific theories and laws. Significance of Peer
Review. Publications and patents.
Historical perspective on Physics and its method (5 Hours for guidance only)
Ancient perspectives on the universe - Geocentric model of Ptolemy - Copernican revolution.
Galileo, and his emphasis on experiments and observations. Kepler's laws. Newton and the
deterministic universe - Maxwell and the unification of electricity, magnetism and optics.
Fundamental particles and the unification of all forces of nature.
Planck’s hypothesis of quantum. Quantum mechanics. Einstein and his theories of relativity.
Contributions by S. N. Bose, M. N. Saha, C. V. Raman, quantum theory of Raman effect - S.
Chandrasekhar and Chandrasekhar’s limit.
(The above topics are meant for self study by the students under the guidance of teachers. All
from a historical and qualitative perspective -derivations not required but related equations
may be applied at its fundamental level)
www.britannica.com. This online Encyclopedia is a good resource for module I (See articles
on Ptolemaic System, Copernican System, Galileo, Johannes Kepler, James Clerk Maxwell,
Electromagnetism, Max Planck, Quantum Mechanics and Relativity.)
Vignettes in Physics – G. Venkataraman, Universities Press - this series of books gives
authentic accounts of contributions of Indian physicists (See ‘Bose and his Statistics’, ‘Saha
and his formula’, ‘Raman and his effect’ and ‘Chandrasekhar and his limit’)
Chapter 15: Modern Physics By R A Serway, C J Moses and C A Moyer. Thomson Pub.
7
Module II
Waves (10 Hours)
Waves in one dimension - Sinusoidal waves - Linear combination of sinusoidal waves-
Polarisation - Monochromatic Plane waves - wave nature in electric and magnetic field, wave
nature of alternating current and voltage. Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM), Relation
between SHM and uniform circular motion, SHM represented in complex exponential form,
Second order differential Equation for SHM and solutions.
Chapter 9: Introduction to Electrodynamics 3rd Edn By avid J Griffiths PHI
Chapter 1: THE PHYSICS OF WAVES AND OSCILLATIONS TMH 1st Edition
Author: N Bajaj
Module III
Measuring instruments (9 Hours)
Measurement of time – water clocks – sun dials – pendulum clocks – digital clocks – atomic
clocks.
Length measurement – rulers – standard metre – micrometers – screw gauges- travelling
microscope – laser range finder- sonar – GPS.
Angle measurement – spectrometer verniers - scale and telescope - measurement of stellar
parallaxes .
Electrical measurement - Working principle of galvanometer, voltmeter, ammeter and digital
multimeters.
Instrumentation Devices & Systems - C. S. Rangan, G. R. Sarma, V. S. V. Mani
McGraw-Hill
http://www.howstuffworks.com/ This site provides good information on measuring
instruments
Module IV
Error Analysis (10 Hours)
Basic ideas – uncertainties of measurement – importance of estimating errors – dominant
errors – random errors – systematic errors - rejection of spurious measurements
Estimating and reporting errors – errors with reading scales, errors of digital instruments –
number of significant digits –absolute and relative errors - standard deviation – error bars and
graphical representation.
Propagation of errors – sum and differences – products and quotients – multiplying by
constants – powers
Calibration – need for calibration – methods of calibration.
8
An Introduction to Error Analysis: The Study of Uncertainties in Physical
Measurements, John R. Taylor - Univ. Science Books
http://www.upscale.utoronto.ca/PVB/Harrison/ErrorAnalysis/
http://phys.columbia.edu/~tutorial/index.html
Reference
1. Gieryn, T.F. Cultural Boundaries of Science. Univ. Chicago Press, 1999.
2. N Bajaj, The Physics of Waves and Oscillations TMH 1st Edition.
3. Collins H. and T. Pinch. The Golem: What Everyone Should Know About Science.,
Cambridge Univ Press, 1993.
4. Hewitt, Paul G, Suzanne Lyons, John A. Suchocki & Jennifer Yeh, Conceptual
Integrated Science, Addison-Wesley, 2007
5. Newton RG. The Truth of Science : New Delhi, 2nd edition
6. Bass, Joel, E and et.al. Methods for Teaching Science as Inquiry, Allyn & Bacon,2009
7. http://www.howstuffworks.com/
8. John R. Taylor. An Introduction to Error Analysis: The Study of Uncertainties in
Physical Measurements, Univ. Science Books
9. http://www.upscale.utoronto.ca/PVB/Harrison/ErrorAnalysis/
10. http://phys.columbia.edu/~tutorial/index.html
11. Scientific Endeavour J A lee Longman.
9
10
SEMESTER II
ABPH202: MECHANICS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Scope: This course would empower the student to acquire engineering skills and practical
knowledge, which help the student in their everyday life. This syllabus will cater the basic
requirements for their higher studies. This course will provide a theoretical basis for doing
experiments in related areas.
Prerequisites: Basic mechanics, reasoning power, initiative skills and calculus
Module I: Mechanics
Motion under Gravity (Teaching hours: 12)
The compound pendulum, Symmetric Compound pendulum, Assymetric Compound
Pendulum, Kater’s pendulum, Velocity and Acceleration in Cartesian, Polar and Cylindrical
coordinate systems, Uniformly rotating frames, Centripetal acceleration, Centripetal force,
Centrifugal force, Coriolis force, Motion under a central force – Kepler’s laws, Gravitational
law, Gravitational field, Conservative and non – conservative forces, Conservation of Energy,
Variable mass Systems – Rocket
Books for study:
Fundamentals of Physics – Halliday, Resnik and Walker (John Wiley & sons) 10th Edn.
An introduction to mechanics Daniel Kleppner& Robert J. Kolenkow, McGraw Hill 2 nd
Edn.
MIT16 – 07F09 - Lecture 5 - Other coordinate systems
Berkeley Physics – volume 1 – Mechanics 3rd Edn.
Rotational Mechanics (Teaching hours: 6)
Moment of Inertia of a Thin uniform Rod, Moment of Inertia of a Ring, Moment of Inertia of
a Thin Circular Disc, Moment of Inertia of an annular disc, Moment of Inertia of a solid
Sphere, Moment of Inertia of a hollow sphere, Moment of Inertia of a solid cylinder, Fly
wheel
Books for study:
Fundamentals of Physics – Halliday, Resnik and Walker (John Wiley & sons) 10th Edn
An introduction to mechanics Daniel Kleppner& Robert J. Kolenkow, McGraw Hill 2 nd
Edn
11
Berkeley Physics – volume 1 – Mechanics 3rd Edn
Mechanics – D.S.Mathur – S.Chand 3rd Edn
Module II: Oscillations and Waves
Oscillations and Waves (Teaching Hours: 6)
Natural Oscillations, Damped Oscillations, Forced Oscillations, Resonance
Equation of a progressive wave, Energy density of a progressive wave, Energy flux,
Distribution of energy, Superposition of waves of same frequency and different frequencies,
Beats, Doppler Effect
Vibration, Waves &Acoustics – D. Chattopadhyay – Books & Allied Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
1st Edn
An introduction to mechanics Daniel Kleppner& Robert J. Kolenkow, McGraw Hill 2nd
Edn
Berkeley Physics – volume 1 – Mechanics 3rd Edn
Refresher course in Physics. Vol. 1 – C.L.Arora
Module III: Properties of Matter
Elasticity (Teaching hours: 6)
Poisson’s ratio, Bending of Beams – bending moment, Young’s modulus – Cantilever
method and Mirror and Telescope method, Young’s modulus – uniform and non uniform
bending – microscope method, Torsional oscillations – Rigidity modulus, Static Torsion –
Mirror and Telescope method, I – Section Girder
Properties of Matter- Brijlal and N. Subrahmaniam – S. Chand 3rd Edn
Properties of Matter - -D.S.Mathur – S.Chand 3rd Edn
Fundamentals of Physics – Halliday, Resnik and Walker – John Wiley & sons 10th Edn
Refresher course in Physics. Vol. 1 – C. L. Arora
Fluid Mechanics (Teaching hours: 6)
Transverse waves on the surface of a liquid - Effect of gravity and Effect of surface tension,
Factors affecting Surface Tension, Applications
Derivation of Posieuille’s Formula, Viscosity by variable pressure head method, Derivation
of Stoke’s Formula, Lubricants
Properties of Matter- Brijlal and N. Subrahmaniam – S. Chand 3rd Edn
Properties of Matter - D. S. Mathur – S. Chand 3rd Edn
Fundamentals of Physics – Halliday, Resnik and Walker – John Wiley & sons 10th Edn
Refresher course in Physics. Vol. 1 – C. L. Arora
12
Reference
1. Fundamentals of Physics - Halliday and Resnik (John Wiley)
2. Berkeley Physics – volume 1 – Mechanics
3. The Feynman Lectures on Physics – volume 1
4. Conceptual Physics - Paul G Hewitt – Pearson
5. An introduction to mechanics , Daniel Kleppner & Robert J. Kolenkow, McGraw Hill
6. Mechanics - D.S.Mathur – S.Chand and Co
7. Refresher Course in Physics - Vol1- C.L.Arora
8. Properties of Matter - -D.S.Mathur – S.Chand
9. Properties of Matter- Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam – S . Chand and Co.
10. Advanced Physics - Materials and Mechanics - Tom Duncan –John Murray London
11. Vibration, Waves and Acoustics - D.Chattopadhyay – Books and Allied Pvt Ltd
12. Classical Mechanics – Goldstein
13
14
SEMESTER III
ABPH303: BASIC ELECTRONICS

Scope of the Syllabus: To know the principles and applications of Electronics is most
necessary for a Physics student. This course is intended to provide this know-how.
Module-I
P-N junction diode (18 Hours)
Band theory of solids — P-N junction diode- — barrier formation in a P-N Junction diode —
current flow mechanism in forward and reverse biased diodes — V-I characteristics —
expression for diode current (no derivation) — static and dynamic resistances — Junction
capacitance — diode equivalent circuit — ideal diode —avalanche and Zener breakdown
Rectifiers: Half wave, centre tapped full wave and bridge rectifiers — circuit diagram,
working, input and output wave forms — expression for Idc and Irms — efficiency of a
rectifier (derivation not required) — ripple factor of half wave and full wave rectifiers —
comparison of rectifier circuits.
Filter circuits: Shunt capacitor filter — series inductor filter — LC filter — CLC or π filter
— voltage regulation: line regulation and load regulation — Zener diode shunt regulator —
design of circuit — optimum value of current limiting resistor.
Clipping and Clamping circuits: Positive clipper — negative clipper — biased clipper —
combinational clipper — circuit diagram and working — input and output wave forms —
positive clamper and negative clamper — input and output wave forms.
Special type of diodes: Zener diode — Zener diode characteristics— equivalent diagram of
Zener diode — Zener diode as voltage regulator - tunnel diode - varactor – PIN diode -
Schottky diode – LED – LCD - photo diode.
A Text Book of Applied Electronics-R.S. Sedha: S.Chand Co., Chapters- 10,11,12,13, 19, 20.
Basic Electronics-B.L. Theraja: S.Chand Co. Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 , 17, 18, 19.
Module-II
Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) (18 Hours)
Transistor construction — transistor action — working of NPN and PNP transistor —
common base, common emitter and common collector configurations and their characteristics
— active, saturation and cut off regions — current gain α , β , γ and their relationships —
15
Experiment to obtain the characteristics of transistor in the CB and CE modes — comparison
of CE, CB and CC configurations.
Transistor Biasing and h parameters: Leakage currents — thermal runaway — need for
biasing — load line — Q-point — factors affecting stability of Q- point-stability factor –
different methods of transistor biasing — fixed bias — fixed bias with emitter resistor —
voltage divider bias — advantages and disadvantages of different biasing methods.
Transistor equivalent circuits – dc equivalent circuit – ac equivalent circuit – h parameters - h
parameters of an ideal CB and CE transistor – hybrid equivalent circuit – hybrid equations for
CB, CE transistor amplifier.
Basic Ideas of FET and MOSFET
A Text Book of Applied Electronics-R.S.Sedha: Multi colour Edn. S.ChandCo.Chapters-14, 15,
16
Module - III
Transistor as an Amplifier (18 hours)
Classification of amplifiers — small signal operation of CE amplifier — phase reversal, ac
and dc equivalent circuits — derivation of input resistance, output resistance, current gain,
voltage gain, power gain - difference between voltage and power amplifiers — ac load line
— classification of power amplifiers — Class A amplifier — overall efficiency of class A
amplifier — Class B amplifier: characteristics --- push-pull operation — maximum
efficiency of class B push–pull amplifier — crossover distortion.
Multistage Amplifiers: Gain of a multistage amplifier — decibel gain — power gain —
types of coupling — analysis of a two stage RC coupled amplifier — frequency response —
expression for overall gain (no derivation) —band width — advantage and disadvantage of
RC coupling
Feedback in amplifiers: Positive and negative feedback and its effects on input impedance,
output impedance and gain — Different types of feedback (Block diagrams only) —
Negative feedback in Transistor amplifiers -- CE amplifier without emitter bypass capacitor -
- emitter follower.
Transistor as an Oscillator: sinusoidal oscillators — principle of oscillators — Barkhausen
criterion for self sustained oscillations — Tuned collector oscillator — Hartley and Colpitt’s
Oscillators – RC Phase shift oscillators –expressions for frequency of oscillations — crystal
oscillator.
A Text Book of Applied Electronics-R.S.Sedha: S. Chand Co., Chapters-22-31
Basic Electronics-B.L.Theraja: S.Chand Co. Chapters 22, 23, 25 & 28
16
Reference Books
1. Electronic principles, 7th Edition by by Albert Malvino and David J Bates, , TMH Edn.
Pvt Ltd.
2. Electronic Dvices and circuits by Allen Mottershed
3. Principle of Electronics V.K. Metha, Rohit Mehta, , 11th ed., S.Chand and Company
4. Ltd, 2011
5. Electronic Principles-Sahdev (Dhanpat Rai Co.)
6. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory-Robert L Boylestad&Louis Nashelsky, PHI,
Pearson
7. Electronic Principles and Applications-Schuler(McGrawHill)
8. Foundations of Electronics-D Chattopadhyay,P.C.Rakshit,B Saha,N.N.Purkait(New ge
International Publishers)
9. Electronic Devices and Circuits-Sajeev Gupta(Dhanpat Rai Publications)
10. Basic Electronics and Linear Circuits-N.N.Bhargava,D.C.Kulshreshtha&S.C.Gupta,
(Tata McGraw Hill)
11. Introduction to Semiconductor Devices, Kevin, Brennan Cambridge Univ. Press
12. The Art of Electronics, Paul Horowitz and Winfield Hill, Cambridge Univ. Press
13. Basic Electronics by J B Gupta, S K Kalaria and Sons
17
18
SEMESTER IV
ABPH404: ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND ELECTRODYNAMICS

Scope: Electricity, magnetism and Electrodynamics have the key role in the development of
modern technological world. Without electric power and communication facilities and data
storage devices life on earth stands still. A course in electricity and electrodynamics is thus an
essential component of physics programme at graduate level. This course is expected to
provide a sound foundation in electricity, magnetism and electrodynamics.
Prerequisites: Knowledge of Vector analysis, Vector calculus and fundamentals of
electricity and magnetism.
Module I
Varying Currents: (12 hrs)
Growth and decay of current in an inductive circuit-charge and discharge of a capacitor
through a resistance - measurement of high resistance by capacitor leak method- DC applied
to LCR series circuit(charge case)-discharging of capacitor through LR circuit(discharge
case)- Theory of BG-measurement of K of BG using standard capacitance.
Electricity and Magnetism- J.H.Fewkes & John Yarwood Chapters 3 & 5
(University tutorial press)
Alternating currents & Circuit theory (14 hrs)
RMS and peak values-AC through series LCR (acceptor circuit) and parallel LCR
circuit(rejecter circuit)-Q factor-power in AC-power factor-measurement of power in AC
circuit-AC watt meter- Distribution of three phase current: star connection – delta connection
-Ideal voltage and current sources-Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems-Maximum power
transfer theorem- Superposition Theorem
Electricity and Magnetism- J. H. Fewkes & John Yarwood chapter 6(university tutorial
press)
Fundaments of Magnetism and Electricity D N Vasudeva Chapter 21 and 22.
Module II
Electrostatics- (10hrs)
Electric field- Coulombs law-Continuous charge distribution-Divergence and curl of
electrostatic fields, Gauss' Law-Applications Fields due to: Spherically symmetric charge
19
distribution, Uniformly charged spherical conductor, Line charge, Infinite plane sheet of
charge, Electric field at a point between two oppositely charged parallel plates. Electric
potential-Poisson’s equation and Laplace’s equation, The potential of a localized charge
distribution, Work and Energy in electrostatics-The work done to move a charge - Energy of
a point charge distribution and continuous charge distribution.
Introduction to Electrodynamics- David J Griffiths- PHI 3rd ed. Chapter 2
Magnetostatics (8 hrs)
Magnetic fields -Magnetic forces-Currents-Biot-Savart Law-steady currents-magnetic field
of a steady current- -Straight line currents of Steady currents – The divergence and curl of B-
Applications of Ampere’law. Comparison of magnetostatics and electrostatics
Introduction to Electrodynamics- David J Griffiths- PHI 3rd ed . Chapter 5, 7 & 8
Module III
Electrodynamics, Maxwell Equations and Electromagnetic waves (10 hrs)
Ohms law-electromotive force- motional emf-electromagnetic induction—induced electric
field-Electrodynamics before Maxwell-Maxwell’s equations-magnetic charge—Conservation
laws-charge and energy-continuity equation-Poyntings theorem-
Conservation of momentum (qualitative only)-Electromagnetic waves in vacuum-wave
equations for E and B monochromatic plane waves-energy, momentum and intensity of
electromagnetic waves.
Introduction to Electrodynamics- David J Griffiths-3rd PHI Chapter 9
Reference
1 Electricity and Magnetism – J.H.Fewkes & John Yarwood -University tutorial Press
2 Fundaments of Magnetism and Electricity D N Vasudeva - S chand
3 Electricity and Magnetism A S Mahajan and AA Rangwala -TMH
4 Introduction to electrodynamics- David J Griffiths- PHI-3rd ed.
5 Electromagnetics Matthew N Sadiku- Oxford 4th Edn
6 Electromagnetics with applications Kraus/Fleish 5th Edn – TMH
7 Electromagnetics J A Edminister 2nd Edn - TMH
8 Electromagnetic Fields TVS Arunmurthi – S. Chand
9 Elements of Electromagnetics - Sadiku
20
SEMESTER V
ABPH505: CLASSICAL MECHANICS AND RELATIVITY

Scope: This course is a prelude to advanced theoretical studies in Condensed Matter Physics,
Spectroscopy, Astrophysics, Electrodynamics and Nuclear Physics.
Prerequisites: Student should have essential knowledge of Algebra, Calculus and Newtonian
Mechanics.
Module – I
Lagrange Dynamics (26 hours)
Basic concepts. Constraints and degrees of freedom - Examples of holonomic and non-
holonomic constraints. Generalized coordinates – Difficulty introduced by the constaints and
their removal – Principle of virtual work – D’Alemberts Principle - Lagrange’s equations
from D’ Alembert’s principle.Newton’s equations from Lagrange’s equation – Applications
of Lagrange’s equation – one dimensional harmonic oscillator – planetary motion –
Compound pendulum. Lagrange equation for L-C circuit. Symmetry and conservation laws –
Homogeneity of space and conservation of linear momentum-Isotropy of space and
conservation of angular momentum- Homogeneity of time and conservation of energy.
Module II
Hamiltonian Dynamics (26 hours)
Hamilton’s principle and Lagrange’s equation. Superiority of Lagrangian mechanics over
Newtonian approach. Generalized momentum and cyclic coordinates. Hamiltons function and
conservation of energy. Hamilton’s equations of motion –Hamilton’s equation in Cartesian
Polar coordinates and spherical coordinates. Examples of Hamiltonian dynamics – One and
two dimensional harmonic oscillator - Motion of a particle in central force field.
Classical Mechanics – K. Sankara Rao, Prentice Hall of India.
Classical Mechanics, J C Upadhyaya, Himalaya Publishing House.
21
Module III
Special Theory of Relativity (26 hours)
Inertial and non inertial frames of reference – Galilean transformation – Significance of
Michelson – Morley experiment – postulates of STR- Lorentz transformation – spatial
contraction - time dilation – composition of velocities – Mass of a moving particle –
Equivalence of mass and energy, Energy and Momentum. Particles with zero mass. Force in
relativistic mechanics. Lorentz transformation for force.
Concepts of modern Physics, Arthur Beiser
Classical Mechanics, J C Upadhyaya, Himalaya Publishing House.
Classical Mechanics – K. Sankara Rao, Prentice Hall of India
Reference
1 Classical Mechanics - 3rd Edition: Herbert Goldstein, Charles Poole & John Safk,
Pearson Education (Indian Edn.)
2 Mechanics, Hans & Puri, TMH
3 Classical Mechanics – Rana & Joag, TMH
4 Classical Mechanics – Greiner, Springer International Edn.
5 Classical Mechanics- Vimal Kumar Jain Ane Books Pvt. Ltd.
6 Classical Mechanics J C Upadhyaya. Himalaya publishing house.
7 Classical Mechanics – David Morin
8 Lagrangian Dynamics – Schaums Outline Series
22
ABPH506: PHYSICAL OPTICS AND ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
Scope: This course aims to provide necessary foundation in optics and photonics which
prepare the students for an intensive study of advanced topics at a later stage.
Prerequisites: Concepts of waves, basics in Mathematics.
Module I
Interference (12 hrs)
Introduction. Thin films-plane parallel film-interference due to reflected light-conditions for
brightness and darkness-interference due to transmitted light-Haidinger fringes-interference
in wedge shaped film-colours in thin films- Newton’s rings. Michelson interferometer –
construction -working and applications.
Optics by Subramanyam, Brijlal, MN Avadhanalu, S.Chand Chapter 14 and15
Diffraction (8 hrs)
Fresnel Diffraction – Huygens- Fresnel theory –zone plate –Difference between zone plate
and convex lens. Comparison between interference and diffraction –diffraction pattern due to
a straight edge, single silt. Fraunhoffer diffraction at a single slit, double slit, N slits, theory
of plane diffraction grating.
Optics by Subramanyam, Brijlal, MN Avadhanalu, S.Chand Chapter 17 and 18
Module II
Polarization (16hrs)
Concept of polarization – (plane of polarization)-polarization by reflection-Brewster’s law-
polarization by refraction-pile of plates. Polarization by double refraction-(calcite crystal).
Anisotropic crystals –optic axis –Double refraction-Huygens explanation of double
refraction. Positive and Negative crystals-Electromagnetic theory of double refraction. Types
of polarized light-Retarders or wave plate- Quarter wave plate –Half wave plate- Production
and Detection of elliptically and circularly polarized light- Optical Activity-Fresnels
Explanation of Optical Rotation-(Analytical treatment not needed) – Specific Rotation-
Laurents half shade polarimeter
Optics by Subramanayam, Brijlal, MN Avadhanalu, S.Chand. Chapter – 20
23
Module-III
Atomic spectra (18hrs)
Emission and absorption spectra, atomic spectra, wave number, Bohr atomic model(Bohr’s
postulates) , Vector atom model, quantum numbers associated with vector atom model, space
quantization, electron spin, coupling of orbital and spin angular momentum, spectroscopic
terms and their notation, selection rules. Behaviour of magnetic dipole in external magnetic
field; Larmors’ precession and theorem. Spin orbit interaction energy of the single valance
electron.
Coupling Schemes; LS Coupling Scheme and JJ coupling scheme, Interaction energy in L-S
coupling (sp configuration), Lande interval rule, Interaction energy in JJ Coupling (sp
configuration), comparison of spectral terms in L-S And J-J coupling. Hyperfine structure of
spectral lines and its origin; isotope effect, nuclear spin. Zeeman Effect (normal and
Anomalous), Lande g-factor, Paschen-Back effect of a single valence electron system. Stark
effect of Hydrogen atom.
Reference
1. Optics 3rd edition- Ajoy Ghatak, TMH
2. Optical Electronics – Ajoy Ghatak and K Thyagarajan, Cambridge
3. Optics and Atomic Physics D P Khandelwal, Himalaya Pub. House
4. Optics S K Srivastava, CBS Pub. N Delhi
5. A Text book of Optics S L Kakani, K L Bhandari, S Chand.
6. Arthur Beiser, Shobhit Mahajan, S Rai Choudhury Concept of Modern Physics
(2010), Tata Mc Graw Hill Co Ltd, New Delhi
7. Rajam J B, Atomic Physics (2009), S Chand & Co, New Delhi
8. Fewkes J H and Yarwood J Atomic Physics Vol II (1991) Oxford University Press
9. Introduction to optics – Pedrotti & Pedrotti
10. Optics – Eugene Hecht & Ganesan
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ABPH507: THERMAL AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS
Scope: This course is to develop a working knowledge of statistical mechanic and to use this
knowledge to explore various applications related to topics in material science and the
physics of condensed matter.
Prerequisites: Basics of calculus and quantum mechanics.
Module I
Thermal Physics (18 hrs)
Laws of Thermodynamics: Zeroth law. First law- internal energy, Applications of first law,
Indicator diagram, Work done during isothermal and adiabatic process, slopes, relation
between them , cooling due to Adiabatic reversible processes . Reversible and irreversible
processes, Second law, Heat Engines, Carnot cycle and theorem, Work done by the engine
per cycle, efficiency, Otto Engine
Thermodynamics and Statistical physics Brij Lal, N. Subrahmanyam and P S Hemne
(S. Chand &Co, Multi colour edition 2007) Chapters 4,5
Module II
Thermodynamic relations and Heat Transmission (18 hrs)
Entropy, entropy changes in reversible and irreversible processes, Entropy – temperature
diagrams and equations. Physical significance of entropy. Clausius Clepeyron Equation.
Thermodynamic potentials: Enthalpy, Gibbs and Helmholtz functions, Maxwell’s relations
and applications, Concepts of adiabatic and isothermal elasticity
Modes of heat transfer, Searle’s & Lee’s experiment, black body radiation, Stefan-Boltzmann
Law, Wein’s displacement law, Rayleigh -Jean’s Law, Planck’s law (no derivation).
Thermodynamics and Statistical physics Brij Lal, N.Subrahmanyam and P S Hemne (S.
Chand &Co, Multi colour edition 2007) Chapters 5,6,8,15
Module III
Statistical Mechanics (18hrs)
Micro and Macro states, thermodynamic probability, energy states, energy levels, degenerate
energy levels, degenerate gas, phase space, concept of entropy and thermodynamic
probability. Ensembles.
Classical Statistics: Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution law, thermodynamics of an ideal
monoatomic gas, Classical entropy expression, Gibbs’ paradox.
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Quantum Statistics:
Need of quantum statistics- Indistinguishability of particles- Spin and Statistics- Ideas of
Bose Einstein distribution law and its application to black body radiation, Fermi Dirac
Statistics and its application to electron gas
Thermodynamics and Statistical physics Brij Lal, N.Subrahmanyam and P S Hemne (S.
Chand & Co, Multi colour edition 2007) Chapters 9,10,11,12
Reference
1. Heat and Thermodynamics, Mark W Zemaskay and Richard H Dittman, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. (Special Indian Edition)
2. Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, Greiner, Springer
3. Berkeley Physics Course Volume 5; Statistical Physics; Frederick Reif. McGraw Hill.
4. A Treatise on Heat; Saha and Srivastava, The Indian Press, Allahabad.
5. Statistical Mechanics, R.K. Pathria, Pergamon press, Oxford
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ABPH508: LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND DIGITAL
ELECTRONICS
Scope: This course is expected to provide necessary back ground for applications of
electronics in mathematical computation.
Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of electronics and Mathematics
Module I
Operational Amplifiers (14 hours)
Introduction – Op-Amp operational Overview – Op-Amp supply voltages – IC Identification
– Packages – Parameters. Op-amp as an Voltage Amplifier-Inverting Amplifier – Non
inverting amplifier – Non inverting amplifier as a buffer –Voltage follower – Summer
Amplifier – Differential Amplifier- Comparators- Integrator – Differentiator
Applied Electronics- R S Sedha, S Chand, Revised Edition
Module II
Number Systems, Operations, and Codes (16hrs)
Decimal Numbers, Binary Numbers, Decimal-to-Binary Conversion, Hexadecimal Numbers,
Octal Numbers, Binary Coded Decimal (BCD), Digital Codes ,The AND Gate ,The OR Gate,
The NAND Gate, The NOR Gate, The Exclusive-OR and Exclusive-NOR Gates,
Programmable Logic, Boolean Operations and Expressions, Laws and Rules of Boolean
Algebra, DeMorgan's Theorem, Boolean Analysis of Logic Circuits, Simplification Using
Boolean Algebra, Standard Forms of Boolean Expressions, Boolean Expressions and Truth
Tables, The Karnaugh Map, Two, three and four variables, Karnaugh Maps.
Digital Fundamentals- Thomas L. Floyd, Pearson International Edition, 9th Edition,
Chapter 2, 3 and 4
Module III
Combinational Logic (12 hrs)
The Universal Property of NAND and NOR Gates, Combinational Logic Using NAND and
NOR Gates, Basic Adders, Parallel Binary Adders, Comparators, Decoders, Encoders, Code
Converters, Multiplexers (Data Selectors), Demultiplexers, Parity Generators/Checkers,
Latches, Edge-Triggered Flip-Flops,
Chapter 5, 6 and 7
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Sequential logic (12 hrs)
Asynchronous Counter Operation, Synchronous Counter Operation, Up/Down Synchronous
Counters, Design of Synchronous Counters, Cascaded Counters, Basic Shift Register
Functions, Serial In/Serial Out Shift Registers, Serial In/Parallel Out Shift Registers, Parallel
In/Serial Out Shift Registers, Parallel In/Parallel Out Shift Registers, Bidirectional Shift
Registers, Shift Register Counters, Decade counter.
Chapter 8 and 9
Reference:
1. Digital design- M Morris Mano PHI
2. Digital principles and applications 6th Edn. Malvino, Leach and Saha TMH
3. Digital Electronics- William H Gothmann PHI
4. Digital circuits and design- S Salivahanan and S Arivazhakan PHI
5. Digital Electronics- Sedha S Chand
6. Pulse, Digital and switching wave forms –Millam and Taub.
7. Digital computer electronics- Malvino, Brown TMH
8. Digital electronics- Tokheim(TMH)
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SEMESTER VI
ABPH609: COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS

Scope: This course is intended to give an insight to computer hardware and computer
applications.
Prerequisites: Basic mathematics and electronics
Module 1
Microprocessors (20 hrs)
Introduction to microprocessors- microprocessor operations (with relevance to 8085
microprocessor): 8085 bus organization-address bus- data bus- control bus, internal data
operations- 8085 registers- accumulator- flags- program counter- stack pointer, externally
initiated operations.
The 8085 microprocessor architecture- pinout and signals- internal architecture of 8085
microprocessor. Machine language- assembly language- high level language.Instruction
cycle, machine cycle and T state- instruction format- addressing modes.The 8085 instruction
set- simple programmes for data transfer, addition and subtraction.
Characteristics of a computer- I/O devices- memory and storage devices- RAM, ROM,
Primary and secondary memory.
Microprocessor architecture, programming and applications- Ramesh S. Gaonkar
(Penram Int. Pub.) Chapter.1,2,3,5,6,7.
Fundamentals of Microprocessors and microcomputers- B. Ram (Dhanpat Rai Pub.)
Chapter 1
Module II
Programming in C++ (20 hrs)
Introduction- C++ programming basics- loops and decisions- basic ideas of structures, arrays,
functions, objects and classes.
Object oriented programming in Turbo C++- Robert Lafore (Galgotia Pub.)
Chapter 1,2,3,4.
Module III
Numerical methods (14 hrs)
Errors in numerical calculations: general error formula – error in a series approximation.
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Iteration principle- solution of algebraic equations- bisection, false position and
Newton-Raphson methods- algorithms. Numerical integration- trapezoidal rule and
Simpson’s 1/3 rule – algorithm.
Numerical solution of differential equation- Euler’s method and second order Runge-Kutta
method- algorithm.
Computer oriented numerical methods. V Rajaraman 3rd Edn PHI, Ch. 3,8and 9
Reference
1. Microprocessor architecture, programming and applications- Ramesh S. Gaonkar
(Penram Int. Pub.)
2. Fundamentals of Microprocessors and microcomputers- B. Ram (Dhanpat Rai Pub.)
3. Microcomputers and Microprocessors- John Uffenbeck (PHI Pub.)
4. Object oriented programming in Turbo C++ - Robert Lafore (Galgotia Pub.)
5. Programming with C++ - John R. Hubbard (Mc Graw Hill Pub.)
6. Numerical method- V. Rajaram (PHI Pub.)
7. Introductory methods of Numerical methods -S.S .Sastry (PHI Pub.)
8. Numerical method with computer programming in C++ - Ghosh (PHI Pub.)
9. Numerical Methods for scientists & Engineers K Sankara Rao PHI 3rd Edn
30
ABPH610: NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
Scope: This course intended to explore the interior of nucleus and interaction between
nucleons
Prerequisites: Basic mathematics and quantum mechanics.
Module I
Nuclear Structure (13 hours)
Nuclear composition – Nuclear electrons – Discovery of neutron - Nuclear properties:
Nuclear radii – Spin and magnetic moment - Stable nuclei - Binding energy, Liquid drop
model - Semi empirical binding energy formula - Shell model - Meson theory of nuclear
forces – Discovery of pion – Detectors of nuclear radiations - Ionisation chamber- G.M
Counter - An Idea about Large Hadron Collider.
Text Books: 11.1 to 11.7 Concepts of Modern Physics – Arthur Beiser (5th Edition),
Chapter 29, Modern Physics – R Murugeshan, Er. Kiruthiga Sivaprasath
Modern Physics- Raymond S. Serway, Clement J Moser, Curt A Moyer- 3rdedition (Cengage
Learning)
Module II
Nuclear Transformations (15 hours)
Elementary ideas of radio activity - Alpha decay - Tunnel theory of alpha decay - Derivation
for the formula for decay constant - Beta decay - Positron emission - Electron capture -
Inverse beta decay and the discovery of neutrino - The solar neutrino mystery - Gamma
decay - Fundamental ideas of nuclear isomerism and internal conversion - The concept of
interaction cross section - Neutron capture cross section of cadmium - Slow neutron cross
sections - Reaction rate - Nuclear reactions - Center of mass frame of reference and Q value
of a nuclear reaction - Nuclear fission - Nuclear reactors - Breeder reactors - Nuclear fusion -
Nuclear fusion in stars – Proton - Proton Cycle - Carbon Nitrogen Cycle - Formation of
heavier elements - Fusion reactors - Confinement methods.
Text Book: 12.1 to 12.12 & Appendix of Chapter 12, Concepts of Modern Physics –
Arthur Beiser (5th Edition)
Biological Effects of radiation and Nuclear medicine (12 hours)
Direct and indirect physical damage - Indirect chemical damage - Dose, Dose Rate and dose
distribution- Damage to critical tissues - Human exposure to radiation - Risk assessment
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Nuclear medicine: Projection imaging: X-Radiography and the Gamma Camera- Positron
emission tomography - Magnetic resonance imaging - Radiation therapy
Text Book: Chapter 7 & 9 Nuclear Physics, Principles and applications-John Lilley
Module III
Particle Physics: (14 hours)
Leptons – Electron and positron-neutrinos and anti-neutrinos-other leptons - Hadrons -
Resonance particles - Elementary particle quantum numbers - Baryon number- Lepton
number strangeness - Isospin - Electric charge - Hyper charge - Basic ideas on symmetries
and conservation laws – Quarks: colour and flavour - Fundamental interactions - Field bosons
- Basic ideas of quantum chromo dynamics - Higg’s boson, History of the universe, The
future of universe-Dark matter.
Text Books: 13.2 to 13.8 Concepts of Modern Physics-Arthur Beiser (5th Edition)
References
Introduction to modern Physics- H.S Mani & G.K Mehta (Affliated East-West PVT LTD)
Introductory nuclear physics by Kenneth S. Krane.( John Wiley & Sons, 1988).
Introduction to the physics of nuclei and particles by R.A. Dunlap. (Singapore: Thomson
Asia, 2004).
Nuclear Physics – Irving Kaplan
Nuclear Physics D C Tayal
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ABPH611: CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
Scope: This course is intended to provide an introduction to the physics of Condensed

Matter. This study attempts to explain various types of phenomena like electro-magnetic
properties, super-conductivity and super fluidity.
Prerequisites: Basics of Mathematics, quantum mechanics
Module I
Crystal structure and Bonding (12 hrs)
Crystal Structure - Crystalline Matter - Bravias Lattice - Crystal Systems - Crystal Planes -
and Miller Indices - Lattice Constants - Reciprocal Lattice - Crystal Structures - sc, bcc, fcc
and hcp - Bragg’s Law - Experimental Methods of X-Ray diffraction - Powder method.
Bonding in Solids - Ionic, Covalent, Van der Waal and Metallic Bonding (qualitative) -
Binding Energy in Crystals - Madelung Constant.
Free Electron Theory and Band Theory of Solids (15 hrs)
Free Electron theory in one dimension- Formation of Energy Bands-Bloch Theorem
(Statement) - Kronig Penney Model –Brillouin Zones (qualitative) –Effective Mass- Carriers
in Solids- Metals, Insulators and Semiconductors-Band Structure-Intrinsic and Extrinsic
Semiconductors- Electric Conductivity-Temperature Dependence- Hall effect.
M. Elementary Solid State Physics: (Pearson) Chapter1, 2 , 5 & 6, Ali Omar
Solid State Physics, P.K. Palanisamy, Scitech publications Chapter 1, 2 & 6
Solid State Physics, S.Chand R.K Puri & V.K. Babber, Chapter 3 & 6.
Module II
Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of Solids (10Hrs)
Review of Basic Equations - Dielectric Constant - Dipole Moment-Polarizability-Clausius-
Mosotti Relation- Ferrroelectricity - Classification of Magnetic Materials-Langevin’s theory -
Paramagmetism - Curie-Weiss Law- Curie temperature - Antiferromagnetism and
Ferrimagnetism – Magnetisation - Magnetic Domain Structure – Spintronics - Spin Waves.
M. Elementary Solid State Physics: Ali Omar (Pearson) Chapter 8& 9
Solid State Physics, P.K. Palanisamy, Scitech publications , Chapter 7&8
Solid State Physics, R.K Puri & V.K.Babber, S.Chand Chapter8
Mircea.S.Rogalski & B.Palmer, Solid State Physics. Chapter 8&9
33
Module III
Superconductivity (10 hrs)
Zero resistance - Superconducting Phenomenon - Critical Temperature - Meissner Effect-
Type I& II Superconductors - BCS theory (qualitative) - London Equation -Josephson Effect
– SQUID - High Tc superconductors and applications.
Elementary Solid State Physics: Ali Omar (Pearson) Chapter 10
Solid State Physics, P.K. Palanisamy, Scitech publications , Chapter 10
Materials Science and Technology (7hrs)
Amorphous Semiconductors - Liquid Crystals – Polymers - Thin films - Properties-
Crystalline Materials and Applications - Nanostructures and Nanometerials- Applications.
Elementary Solid State Physics: Ali Omar (Pearson) Chapter 12
Thin film fundamentals, A.Goswami.New Age International,2008. Chapter1
Nanostructures And Nanomaterials Synthesis, Properties, And Applications, Guozhong
Cao, Imperial College Press, 2004 Chapter 3 and 5.
Reference
1. Kittel, C. Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th edition (Wiley)
2. Ashcroft, N.W. & Mermin, N.D. Solid State Physics, TMH
3. Blakemore, J.S. Solid State Physics, 2nd edition (Cambridge)
4. C.L. Arora, Solid State Physics. S Chand.
5. S.O.Pillai, Solid State Physics. New Age International Pub.
6. Superconductivity, Superfluids and Condensate James F Annett Oxford
34
ABPH612: BASIC QUANTUM MECHANICS AND SPECTROSCOPY
Module I
Particles and Waves (18 Hrs)
Inadequacies in Classical Physics. Blackbody Radiation : Quantum Theory of Light.
Photoelectric Effect. Compton Effect. Wave Nature of Matter-.De-Broglie Hypothesis.
Wave-Particle Duality. Davisson-Germer Experiment. Wave description of Particles by
Wave Packets. Group and Phase Velocities and Relation between them. Heisenberg’s
Uncertainty Principle (proof not required): Application of uncertainty principle. Ground state
energy of hydrogen atom- non existence of electron in the nucleus. Wave mechanics. Basic
postulates of wave mechanics. Schrodinger Wave Equation. Properties of wave function.
Physical meaning of wave function. Normalization of Wave Function.
Modern Physics: R Murugeshan & K Sivaprasath, S Chand,2011, Chapter 11 & 12,
Module II
Quantum Mechanics (18 Hrs)
Postulates of Quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanical operators. Eigen function and eigen
values. Hermitian operators. Properties of hermitian operators. Hamiltonian operator.
Expectation values. Properties of eigen functions and boundary conditions. Probability
Density and Probability current density. Ehrefest theorem(qualitative).
Applications of Schrödinger Wave Equation:
Free Particle. Particle in a one dimensional box. Extension to three dimensional box –Finite
One dimensional square well potential.–– Particle in a rectangular potential barrier. Quantum
mechanical tunneling. Linear harmonic oscillator.
Modern Physics : R Murugeshan & K Sivaprasath, S Chand,2011, Chapter 11 & 12,
Module III
Molecular Spectroscopy (18 hours)
Molecular energy levels. Electronic, rotational and vibrational energies – rotational spectra –
explanation in terms of rigid rotator model – vibrational energy levels – explanation in terms
of harmonic oscillator.
Electronic energy levels of atoms – Fluorescence and phosphorescence – Raman effect –
experimental arrangement and results - classical theory and its failure – quantum theory of
Raman effect. IR and Microwave spectroscopes.
35
Reference
1. L. I. Schiff, Quantum Mechanics, 3rd edition, (McGraw Hill Book Co., New York
1968).
2. E. Merzbacher, Quantum Mechanics, 3rd edition, (John Wiley & Sons, Inc1997)
3. J.L. Powell & B. Crasemann, Quantum Mechanics, (Addison-Wesley Pubs.Co.,1965)
4. A. Ghatak & S. Lokanathan, Quantum Mechanics: Theory and Applications, 5th
Edition,(Macmillan India , 2004)
5. E. M. Lifshitz and L. D. Landau, Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory
(Course ofTheoretical Physics, Vol 3), 3rd Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann (1981).
6. Quantum Physics – Stephen Gasirowicz Pub. Pearson Education (Indian Edn.)
7. Quantum Mechanics - Greiner, 4th Edition, Springer International Edn.
8. Quantum Mechanics G. Aruldhas, Premtice Hall of India.
9. Quantum Mechanics – V Devanathan
10. Concepts of Modern Physics - Arthur Beiser, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
11. C. Banwell and E. Mccash; Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy.
12. G. Aruldhas; Molecular structure and Spectroscopy.
36
ELECTIVE COURSES
ABPH6E01: ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Module I
Introduction to observational astronomy (30 hours)
Celestial sphere. Constellations and nomenclature of stars. The cardinal points and
circles on the celestial sphere. Equatorial. ecliptic and galactic system of co-ordinates.
Aspects of sky from different places on the earth. Sidereal, Apparent and Mean solar time
and their relations. Equation of time. Ephemeris and Atomic Times. Calendar. Julian date and
heliocentric correction.
World Book Encyclopedia of Science, Volume. 1
Textbook of Astronomy and Astrophysics with Elements of Cosmology, V. B. Bhatia,
Narosa Publishing House.
Exploring the Night Sky with Binoculars, Patrick Moore, Cambridge University Press.
Module II
Stars (30 hours)
Sun –internal structure and atmosphere- photosphere- sunspots - chromospheres – corona –
solar flares –prominences. Stellar structure - hydrostatic equilibrium structure equations -
energy sources - energy transport. Types of stars – classification and HR diagram.
Formation - Interstellar dust and gas – Jeans’ mass - formation of protostars – evolution of
planetary systems with special reference to Sun -Pre-main sequence evolution; nuclear
fusion. P-P chain and CNO cycle. Energy production in massivestars. Evolution on the main
sequence - Late stages of evolution. Fate of massive stars, supernovae - White dwarfs -
Chandrasekhar limit - Neutron stars – Pulsars – Black holes
Astrophysics: Stars and galaxies, K. D. Abhyankar, Tata McGraw Hill
The Physics of Stars, A.C. Philips, Wiley
Module III
Galaxies and the expanding Universe (30 hours)
Galaxies-their morphology and classification. Cepheid variables and distance measurements.
Origin and evolution of Galaxies. Large scale structure of the universe – isotropy and
homogeneity. Expanding universe – Doppler effect – red shift – distance scale –Hubble law.
37
Standard Big bang theory , cosmic microwave background and its discovery ; early universe
– nucleosynthesis in early universe –inflationary model of the universe – age of the universe
and its determination. Dark matter – Dark energy.
Introduction to Cosmology, J. V. Narlikar, Cambridge University Press.
Particle Astrophysics, Donald Perkins, Oxford
Astrophysics: Stars and galaxies, K. D. Abhyankar, Tata McGraw Hill
Concepts of Modern Physics : Arthur Beiser (5th edn.)
Reference
1. An Introduction to Astrophysics - Baidyanath basu PHI.
2. Understanding the Universe - James B. Seaborn – Springer.
3. The Physical Universe – An Introduction to Astronomy – Frank H. Shu- University
Science Books.
4. The First Three Minutes - Steven Weinberg.
38
ABPH6E02: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Scope: To learn about the fascinating world of information technology and to use the tools
available in Internet and the World Wide Web for a deep study of the subjects related to
physics in better way by the students themselves.
Prerequisites: Awareness of basic computer operations.
Module – I (32 hrs)
Information And Its Use: Information Technology – Quality of information – Message
transmission – Electronic Office – E mail – Document storage – Computers in Industry –
Different types – Graphical user interface
“Information Technology – The Breaking Wave”, D.Curtin, K.Sen and K.Morin, Tata
McGraw Hill, 1999. Chapter – 1, 2
Computer Networks: Importance of Networks. Components of Networks. Classification of
Networks: Broad cast networks-Switched networks. Switching Techniques. Types of
Networks – LAN – MAN – WAN. Networking Models – OSI reference model – TCP/IP
reference model-Comparison between the OSI and TCP/IP models. Network Topology –
Bus-Star-Ring-Tree-Mesh-Cellular. Network Architecture – Client/Server, Peer-to-Peer
Computer Networks – A.S. Tanenbaum - Prentice Hall of India, Chapter - 1
Computer Fundamentals – P.K. Sinha 3rd Edn. BPB Publications, Chapter – 17
THE INTERNET: Internet Protocols – Internet Protocol (IP)-Transmission Control Protocol
(TCP) -Internet Address – Structure of Internet Servers Address-Address Space-Internet
Infrastructure -Services on Internet – Domain Name System-SMTP and Electronic mail –
Http and World Wide Web-Usenet and News groups-FTP-Telnet-Network Security – Ideas
of secret key Algorithms and Public key Algorithms-Digital Signature-E-mail Privacy-
Internet Tools – Search Engines-Web browsers- Internet explorer, Netscape Navigator,
Mozilla Firefox(Working Knowledge)
Computer Networks – A.S. Tanenbaum – PHI, Chapter – 5,6,7
Computer Fundamentals – P.K. Sinha 3rd Edn. BPB Publications, Chapter – 18
Module – II (32 hrs)
THE HTML: What is HTML? Basic Tags of HTML – HTML-TITLE-BODY - Starting an
HTML document – The <!DOCTYPE>declaration-setting boundaries with <HTML>-the
HEAD element-the BODY element-the STYLE element and the SCRIPT element. -
39
Formatting of text – Headers-Formatting Tags-PRE tag-FONT tag-Special Characters.
Working with Images-META tag -Links – Anchor Tag -Lists – Unordered Lists-Ordered
Lists-Definition Lists -Tables – TABLE, TR and TD Tags-Cell Spacing and Cell Padding-
Colspan and Rowspan -Frames – Frameset-FRAME Tag-NOFRAMES Tag - Forms – FORM
and INPUT Tag-Text Box-Radio Button-Checkbox-SELECT Tag and Pull Down Lists-
Hidden-Submit and Reset -Some Special Tags–COLGROUP-THREAD,TBODY-TFOOT-
_blank-_self,_parent-_top-IRFRAME-LABEL-Attribute for <SELECT>- TEXTAREA
HTML4 – 2nd Edn. Rick Darnell, Techmedia, Chapter – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Module – III (26 hrs)
Basic Idea of DBMS: Need for Data Base – Database Systems versus File systems - View of
Data - Data Abstraction-Instances and Schemas - Data Models – ER Model-Relational
Model-Network Model-Hierarchical Model (general ideas) -Basic ideas about Structured
Query Language
Fundaments of Database System – Elmasri, Ramez and Navathe Shamkant B. 4th Edn.
Person Education, India, 2004. Chapter – 1
MS – OFFICE/OPEN OFFICE (Working Knowledge): Word processors – PowerPoint -
Spreadsheets – Databases
(No specific text book is preferred. MS office (97, 98, 2000, /Open Office which is installed
in the lab can be used. Working practice must be given)
Reference
1. “Information Technology – The Breaking Wave”, D.Curtin, K.Sen and K.Morin,
Tata McGraw Hill, 1999.
2. Computer Networks – A.S. Tanenbaum - Prentice Hall of India
3. Computer Fundamentals – P.K. Sinha 3rd Edn. BPB Publications
4. Internet and World Wide Web – Deitel
5. HTML4 – 2nd Edn. Rick Darnell, Techmedia
6. Database System Concepts – Silberschatz-Korth-Sudarshan 4th Edn – Tata
Mac Graw Hill
7. “Information Technology and systems”, Green, B.C., Longman Scientific &
Technical Publishers, England, 1994.
8. Networks – Tirothy S. Ramteke – 2nd Edn. Pearson Edn – New Delhi, 2004
9. Data and Computer Communucation, William Stalling, PHI, New Delhi.
10. Mastering HTML4 – Ray D.S. and Ray E.J. – BPB
40
11. HTML – The Complete Reference – Tata Mc Graw Hill
12. Fundaments of Database System – Elmasri, Ramez and Navathe Shamkant B. 4th
Edn.v Pearson Education, India, 2004.
41
ABPH6E03: RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
Scope: This course is designed to make the students aware of challenging energy crisis and
alternative energy solutions.
Prerequisites: Concepts of work- power- energy, heat energy- Modes of energy transfer-
Heat engines, Concepts of Physical optics, Fundamental of Electricity.
Module I
Introduction to Energy Sources (6 hours)
Energy consumption as a measure of Prosperity – World energy futures – Energy sources and
their availability – New energy technologies – Renewable energy sources
Non-conventional Sources of Energy - G D Rai Chapter 1
Solar Energy (20 hours)
Solar radiation geometry – Solar radiation measurements – Principles of the conversion of
solar radiation in to heat – Flat plate collectors – Energy balance equation and collector
efficiency – Concentrating collector: Focusing type – Performance analysis of a parabolic
collector – Selective absorber coatings – Solar energy storage systems – Solar pond –
Principle of operation and extraction of thermal energy – Solar heating and solar cooling of
buildings – Solar electric power generation: Solar photo-voltaic cells
Non-conventional Sources of Energy - G D Rai Chapters 2, 3, 4 & 5
Module II
Wind Energy (14 hours)
Basic principles of wind energy conversion – site selection considerations – Classification of
wind energy conversion systems – types of wind machines – Performance analysis of wind
machines – Schemes for electric generation – Applications of wind energy – Environmental
aspects.
Geothermal Energy (14 hours)
Nature of geothermal fields - Geothermal resources – Hot dry rock resources – Magma
resources – Geothermal exploration – Advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy –
Applications of geothermal energy – Operational and environmental problems.
43
Energy from Biomass (11 hours)
Biomass conversion technologies – Biomass as a source of energy – Energy plantation –
Methods for obtaining energy from biomass – Biogas generation – Biodegradation – Biogas
plants – Biogas from waste – Community biogas plants – Thermal gasification of biomass.
Module III
Energy from the Oceans (15 hours)
Ocean thermal electric conversion (OTEC) – Introduction – Open cycle OTEC system –
Closed cycle OTEC system – Hybrid cycle – Prospects of OTEC in India.
Energy from Tides – Basic principle of tidal power – Operation methods of utilization of
tidal energy – Single cycle and double cycle systems – Advantages and limitations of tidal
power generation - Prospects of tidal energy in India.
Ocean waves – Energy and power from the waves – Wave energy conversion devices -
Advantages and limitations of wave energy.
Energy storage (10 hours)
Fuel cells – Design and principle of operation of a fuel cell – Classification of fuel cells –
Conversion efficiency of fuel cells – Applications of fuel cells.
Hydrogen energy – Hydrogen production (Electrolysis, thermochemical methods) –
Hydrogen storage – hydrogen as an alternative fuel for motor vehicles.
Reference
1. Non – Conventional Energy Sources: G D Rai (Khanna Publishers)
2. Renewable Energy Technologies: Solanki C S (Prentice-hall Of India Pvt Ltd)
3. Renewable Energy Sources & Their Environmental Impact : Abbasi (Prentice-hall of
India Pvt Ltd)
4. Renewable Energy Sources for Sustainable Development N.S.Rathore N.L.Panwar
(New India Publishing Agency)
5. Renewable Energy : Ulrich Laumanns And Dieter Uh Dirk Abmann (James & James
Science Publishers)
6. Understanding Renewable Energy Systems : Volker Quaschning (James & James
Science Publishers)
44
7. Renewable Energy: Global Perspectives : Azmal Hussain (Icfai University Press)
8. New And Renewable Energy Technologies For Sustainable Development : Naim
Hamdia Afgan, Da Graca Carvalho Maria, Maria Da Graca Carvalho (Taylor & Francis
Group)
9. Renewable Energy from the Ocean : Avery, William H.; Wu, Chih; Craven, John P.
(Oxford University Press)
10. Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Systems : Mukherjee D (New Age International (p)
Limited)
11. Renewable Energy Sources & Emerging Tech., : Kothari D P (Prentice-hall Of India
Pvt Ltd)
12. Energy From Biomass : Willeke Palz, D. Pirrwitz (Springer)
13. Understanding Renewable Energy Systems : Volker Quaschning (James & James
Science Publishers)
14. Ocean, Tidal, And Wave Energy: Power From The Sea : Lynn Peppas (Crabtree
Publishing Company)
15. Fuel Cells, Geothermal Energy And Tidal Power: Emerging Scenario In Alternate
Energy: Sameer A Zodgekar (Icfai University Press)
45
ABPH6E04: NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
Scope: Today’s science and engineering disciplines are at a crossroad where they can couple
strongly with each other to give rise to new and emerging disciplines such as, the field of
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. This field is truly interdisciplinary in nature, and concerns
with the fabrication and manipulations of few atoms and molecules to form mesocpic
structures with dimensions ranging between 1-100 nm. In order to get a nano object to
functions is necessary to assemble the constituent atoms or molecules, perhaps into a large
single molecule such as a protein. These objects are of the size of a nanometer (10-9 m). The
science of nanometer scale objects is Nanoscience. The resulting technology is called
Nanotechnology. This introductory course is provided to get knowledge in Nanoscience and
nanotechnology.
Prerequisites: Basics of Mathematics, quantum mechanics, semiconductor physics.
Module I
Basic Physical Properties of Nanostructures (11hrs)
Structure - Size Dependence of Properties -Crystal Structures -Face-Centered Cubic
Nanoparticles -Tetrahedrally Bonded Semiconductor Structures -Lattice Vibrations -Size
Dependence of Properties -Energy Bands -Reciprocal Space-Effective Masses -Fermi
Surfaces -Insulators, Semiconductors, and Conductors -Energy Bands and Gaps of
Semiconductors -Localized Particles - Mobility –Excitons-Donors, Acceptors, and Deep
Traps.
Methods of Characterization (11hrs)
Structure- Atomic Structures - Crystallography- Particle Size Determination- Surface
Structure-Microscopy-Transmission Electron Microscopy- Field Ion Microscopy-Scanning
Microscopy.
Properties of Individual Nanoparticles (11hrs)
Metal Nanoclusters -Magic Numbers -Geometric Structure -Electronic Structure -Reactivity -
Fluctuations -Magnetic Clusters -Bulk to Nanotransition- Semiconducting Nanoparticles -
Optical Properties -Photofragmentation -Coulombic Explosion -Rare Gas and Molecular
Clusters -Inert-Gas Clusters -Superfluid Clusters -Molecular Clusters -Theoretical Modeling
of Nanoparticles -Methods of Synthesis -RF Plasma -Chemical Methods -Thermolysis -
Pulsed Laser Methods.
47
Introduction to Nanotechnology, Charles P. Poole, Jr. and Frank J. Owens, Wiley, 2003
Chapter 2, 3 and 4
Module II
Carbon Nanostructures (11hrs)
Carbon Molecules -Nature of the Carbon Bond -New Carbon Structures-Carbon Clusters -
Small Carbon Clusters -Carbon Nanotubes -Fabrication -Structure -Electrical Properties-
Vibrational Properties-Mechanical Properties -Applications of Carbon Nanotubes -
Computers -Fuel Cells -Chemical Sensors-Catalysis -Mechanical Reinforcement -Field
Emission and Shielding.
Bulk Nanostructured Materials (11hrs)
Solid Disordered Nanostructures -Methods of Synthesis -Failure Mechanisms of
Conventional Grain-Sized Materials -Mechanical Properties -Nanostructured Multilayers -
Electrical Properties-Porous Silicon -Metal Nanocluster Composite Glasses -Nanostructured
Crystals -Natural Nanocrystals -Crystals of Metal Nanoparticles -Nanoparticle Lattices in
Colloidal Suspensions -Photonic Crystals.
Nanostructured Ferromagnetism (11hrs)
Basics of Ferromagnetism -Dynamics of Nanomagnets -Nanopore Containment of Magnetic
Particles -Nanocarbon Ferromagnets -Ferrofluids -Effect of Bulk Nanostructuring of
Magnetic Properties -Giant and Colossal Magnetoresistance.
Chapter 5, 6 and 7
Module III
Quantum Wells, Wires, and Dots (12hrs)
Preparation of Quantum Nanostructures -Size and Dimensionality Effects -Size Effects -
Potential Wells-Partial Confinement -Conduction Electrons and Dimensionality -Fermi Gas
and Density of States-properties Dependent on Density of States -Excitons -Single-Electron
Tunneling -Applications -Infrared Detectors -Quantum Dot Lasers-Superconductivity.
Nanomachines and Nanodevices (12hrs)
Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMSs) -Nanoelectromechanical Systems (NEMSs) -
Fabrication Nanodevices and Nanomachines -Molecular and Supramolecular Switches.
Chapter 9 and 13
48
Reference
1. MEMS/NEMS; micro electro mechanical systems/nano electro mechanical systems
Volume 1, Design Methods,, Cornelius T. Leondes, Springer, 2006.
2. Nano: the essentials, T. PRADEEP, TMH, 2007.
3. Nanoscale Materials, Luis M. Liz-Marzán and Prashant V. Kamat, Kluwer Academic
Publishers, 2003
4. Nanoscience, Nanotechnologies and Nanophysics, C. Dupas, P. Houdy and M. Lahmani,
Springer-Verlag, 2007.
5. Nanotechnology 101, John Mongillo, Greenwood Press, 2007.
6. Semiconductor Nanostructures for Optoelectronic Applications, Todd Steiner, ARTECH
HOUSE, 2004.
7. What is What in the Nanoworld,A Handbook on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,
Victor E. Borisenko and Stefano Ossicini , WILEY-VCH Verlag, 2008.
8. Nanotechnology and Nano-Interface Controlled Electronic Devices, M. Iwamoto,K.
Kaneto,S. Mashiko Elsevier Science, Elsevier Science, 2003.
9. S emiconductors for Micro and Nanotechnology—An Introduction for Engineers Jan
G. Korvink and Andreas Greiner, WILEY-VCH Verlag, 2002.
49
ABPH6E05: OPTOELECTRONICS
Scope: This century is going to be the century of Optoelectronics or Photonics – the light
wave technology. Today we have optical technologies replacing electronic memories,
amplifiers etc. These enable high speed computing. Hence no Physics student can avoid this
latest field of science and technology.
Prerequisites: Basic concepts of Optics, Quantum Mechanics, Electronics and Solid State
Physics.
Module I
Optoelectronic Fundamentals
Introduction to Photonics (12 hrs)
(i) Optical radiation and light- Luminescence and Radiation-Radiation source parameters–
Receiver parameters (1.1.1, 1.1.2,1.1.4 &1.1.5 of Ref.1)-Photometric and Radiometric
terms and units- Inverse square law – verification by photometer- comparison of
efficiency of light sources available in the market and recommended values of
illumination for various activities (General awareness) (Ch.6 of Ref.2).
(ii) Introduction to Photonics – electrons Vs photons – Electronics Vs Optics Photonics (1.1
to 1.3 of Ref.3)- Photonics and light technology and applications-introduction (1.2 to 1.5
of Ref.4)
(iii) Properties of Photons (2.1 of Ref.4)-
(iv) Gausian beams – beam characteristics and parameters (2.4 of Ref.4)
(v) Light Characteristics – Power, energy, peak power, beam radius, intensity, divergence,
beam quality, brightness, brilliance, radiation pressure, optical levitation (2.7 of Ref.4)
Optical process in semiconductors (16 hrs)
Electron hole pair formation and recombination. Radiative and non radiative recombination.
Absorption in semiconductors – indirect transitions, exciton absorption, donor- acceptor band
impurity band absorption. Long wavelength absorption. Franz Keldysh and Stark effect.
Radiation in semiconductors. Stokes shift in optical transitions. Deep level transitions, Auger
recombination. (Ch.3 of Ref.5)
50
Module II
Optical Devices
Radiation sources (12hrs)
(i) LED –Principle –characteristics (V-I & light – current)–materials-efficiencies- LED
structures- hetero junction and edge emitting LED-. Applications &advantages.
(ii) Semiconductor lasers – Homo junction and hetero junction and Quantum well lasers –
Principle -Optical and carrier confinement
Photodetectors (12hrs)
Introduction- Classification of detectors- Qualitative idea of each type- Photo detector
parameters – Noise mechanisms (Ch.4 of Ref.1, Ch.5.3 of Ref.3)– Principle and operation of
Photodiode, APD, Phototransistor, PIN photodiode- opto isolators
Solar cells (6 hrs)
Principle-. V-I characteristics- Fill factor – conversion efficiency (Qualitative study)-Hetero
junction solar cells. (Ch.10 of Ref.5, Ch.6 of Ref.1)
Module III
Optical Communication
(i) Introduction (5hrs)
Introduction to Optical communication- Historical perspective - Advantages and
disadvantages of optical communication links in comparison with radio and microwave
system and with guided systems- measurement of information and the capacity of
telecommunication channel- Communication system architecture- basic optical
communication system – Definition of attenuation, pulse duration and band width. Ch. 1 of
Ref.9)
(ii) Optical Modulation. (15hrs)
Direct modulation of LED and diode laser. Digital and analog modulation of LED and diode
laser. External modulation. Birefringence, Pockel effect , phase modulation. Wave guide
modulators . Electro-optic , Magneto- optic and acousto- optic modulators. Bipolar controller
modulator. (Ref.1,7,10)
(iii) Fibre optic communication (12hrs)
Introduction to Optical fibres and fibre optic communication (Ch.1 of Ref.11 and Ch.1.1
to1.3 of Ref.13)- Types of optical fibres- Numerical aperture- Fibre bundles, cables- strength-
fibre optical properties- Fibre materials – Classification of fibres – Step index and graded
index- mono mode and multi mode fibres –plastic fibres- latest developed fibres (Ch.2,3 of
Ref.11)- Fibre loses.
51
Reference
1. Optoelectronic Engineering S.N. Biswass, Dhanpat Rai Publications
2. A Text book of Optics- Brijlal, Subramoniam, S Chand & Co
3. Photonics Elements and Devices, V. V. Rampal , Wheeler Publishing Co
4. Photonics, Ralf Menzel, Springer
5. Semiconductor optoelectronic devices – Pallab Bhattacharya PHI
6. Optoelectronics Wilson and Hawkes
7. Optoelectronics Jasprit Singh
8. Semiconductor Physics and Devices – Donald A Neamen, Tata McGraw-Hill
9. Optical communication system- John Gowar , Prentice Hall of India
10. Optical Electronics – Ajoy Ghatak and K Thyagarajan Cambridge
11. Optical fibres and fibre optic communication systems, Subir Kumar Sarkar, S.Chand
& Co
12. Semiconductor Physics and Optoelectronis, V. Rajendran et al, Vikas Publishing
House
13. Fibre Optic Communication, D.C.Agarwal, Wheeler Publishing
14. Physics of Semiconductor devices, Dilip K Roy, University Press.
15. Physics of Semiconductor devices, S M Sze, Wiley Eastern Limited
52
PRACTICALS
A minimum of 8 experiments should be done in each practical course component
SEMESTER I
ABPH1P01: FOUNDATION COURSE IN PHYSICS

Credits: 1 Contact Lab Hours: 36
1. Vernier Calipers - Volume of a cylinder, sphere and a hollow cylinder

2. Screw gauge - Volume of a sphere and a glass plate
3. Spherometer - Thickness of a glass plate, radius of curvature of a
convex surface and a concave surface
4. Beam balance - Mass of a solid (sensibility method), radius
measurement of capillary tube using mercury
5. Travelling microscope - Radius of a capillary tube
6. Multimeter - Measurement of resistance, potential difference, current
7. Multimeter - Checking of capacitor ,diode ,inductance and transistor
8. CRO - Measurement of frequency and Amplitude
9. Viscosity of a liquid - Variable pressure head
10. Spectrometer - Angle of prism
53
54
SEMESTER II
ABPH2P02: MECHANICS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER

1. Cantilever - Scale and Telescope - Determination of Young’s modulus

2. Carey Foster’s Bridge - Measurement of resistivity
3. Symmetric Compound Pendulum - Determination of radius of gyration(K)
and Acceleration due to gravity (g)
4. Surface tension - Capillary rise method
5. Half wave rectifier with and without filter - ripple factor and load regulation
6. Conversion of Galvanometer into voltmeter
7. Viscosity-constant pressure head - coefficient of viscosity (η) of the liquid
8. Spectrometer - Refractive Index of material of Prism
9. Field along the axis of a coil - Variation of magnetic field along the axis
of a circular coil
10. Electro chemical equivalent of copper
55
56
SEMESTER III
ABPH3P03: BASIC ELECTRONICS

1. Cantilever - pin & microscope - Determination of Young’s modulus

2. Carey Foster’s Bridge - Temperature coefficient
3. Asymmetric Compound Pendulum - Determination of K and g
4. Spectrometer-refractive index of a liquid - Hollow prism
5. Diode Characteristics.
6. Potentiometer - Measurement of resistivity
7. Full wave rectifier using diode - Ripple factor and load regulation
8. Transistor characteristics - CE configuration
9. Gates AND,OR,NOT - Verification of Truth Table
10. Torsion pendulum - Rigidity modulus
57
58
SEMESTER IV
ABPH4P04: ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND

ELECTRODYNAMICS
1. Non uniform bending - Pin and Microscope method

2. Thermal conductivity of bad conductor - Lee’s Disc
3. Bridge rectifier with filter and without filter - Ripple factor and load regulation
4. Spectrometer - prism- i-d curve
5. Potentiometer - Calibration of low range voltmeter
6. Searle’s Vibration Magnetometer - Magnetic moment
7. Transistor Characteristics - CB configuration
8. Diode clamper - Positive and negative
9. Study of UJT characteristics
10. Sweep generator using transistor
59
60
SEMESTER V
ABPH5P05: CLASSICAL MECHANICS AND RELATIVITY

1. Fly Wheel - Moment of Inertia

2. Uniform bending - Young’s Modulus-Optic lever method
3. Static torsion - Rigidity modulus
4. Viscosity - Stoke’s method
5. Viscosity - Searle’s rotation viscometer method
6. Thermal conductivity of rubber
7. Melde’s String - Measurement frequency
8. Sonometer - Verification of laws, Measurement of density of
solid.
9. A.C Sonometer - Frequency of a.c.
10. Liquid Lens - Refractive index of Liquid
61
ABPH5P06: PHYSICAL OPTICS AND ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
1. Spectrometer - Grating- wave length

2. Spectrometer - prism-Dispersive power
3. Liquid lens - Optical constants of a convex lens
4. Air wedge - Diameter of wire
5. Potentiometer - Calibration of low range ammeter
6. Potentiometer - Calibration of high range voltmeter.
7. Conversion of Galvanometer into ammeter
8. LCR circuit analysis - Series, parallel and Q-factor
9. Mirror Galvanometer - Figure of merit
10. B.G - charge sensitivity - Standard capacitor method
62
ABPH5P07: THERMAL AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS
1. Characteristics of Zener diode

2. Voltage regulation using Zener diode
3. Voltage multiplier - Doubler and Tripler.
4. Characteristics of FET
5. Regulated power supply using IC 741
6. Wave shaping R C circuits - Integrator and differentiator
7. Diode clipper - Positive, Negative and Biased
8. Hartley Oscillator - frequency
9. Colpitt’s oscillator - frequency
10. Phase shift oscillator - frequency
63
ABPH5P08: LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND DIGITAL
ELECTRONICS
1. Spectrometer - Grating- dispersive power

2. Spectrometer - Cauchy’s constants
3. Newton’s rings - Determination of wave length.
4. Laser - Determination of wave length
5. Ultrasonic - Determination of velocity of ultrasonic
waves
6. Single slit - Diffraction using Laser
7. Verification of Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorem
8. Deflection and Vibration Magnetometer - m & Bh
9. e/m -Thomson’s apparatus - - Bar magnet/magnetic focusing
10. B.G - Measurement of capacitance
64
SEMESTER VI
ABPH6P09: COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS

1. Young’s Modulus - Koenig’s method

2. Torsion pendulum - n and I - using two identical masses
3. Spectrometer- Small angled prism-Refractive index of material of prism
(Supplementary angle method)
4. Field along the axis of circular coil - Moment of magnet (null method)
5. Kater’s pendulum
6. Kundt’s tube - Velocity of sound
7. Sp.heat of liquid - Newton’s law of cooling
8. Computer programming - Simple Pendulum –Calculation of ‘g’ from
experimental data.
9. Computer programming - Solving differential equation -
Rungekutta method – II order.
10. Computer programming - Multiplication of any two matrices-
(m x n) and (n x q)
65
ABPH6P10: NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
1. Universal gates IC NAND,NOR - -Realize basic gates from universal gates.

2. B.G. - Measurement of high resistance by leakage
method
3. BCD to 7 segment decoder (IC)
4. Astable multivibrator - using transistor
5. Monostable multivibrator - using transistor
6. Monostable multivibrator - IC 555
7. 8085 Microprocessor - sorting in ascending and descending order.
8. Computer programming - Conversion of temperature scale
9. Computer programming - sorting the numbers in ascending and
descending order C++
10. Computer programming - Solving a quadratic equation
66
ABPH6P11: CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
1. Thermistor - Temperature coefficient of resistance

2. Regulated power supply - Transistor and Zener diode
3. Regulated power supply - Using IC’s- LM
7805,7905,7809,7909,7812,7912
4. Construction and measurement of a dual Regulated power supply with filter.
5. Op-Amp - Adder and Subtractor
6. R.C. Coupled amplifier - Gain
7. Amplitude modulation
8. Pulse width modulation
9. Ring counter using 74194 and 74151
10. Astable multivibrator - IC 555
67
ABPH6P12: QUANTUM MECHANICS AND SPECTROSCOPY
Course ABPH6P12
1. D/A Converter using IC
2. 4 bit Shift register
3. R.S Flip-Flop
4. J.K Flip Flop
5. Schmitt trigger using 7414
6. Op- Amp - Inverter, non inverter and buffer.
7. 8085 Microprocessor - BCD addition and subtraction
8. 8085 Microprocessor - multiplication of two eight bit numbers
with result 16 bit.
9. Computer programming - Solving a linear equation- Bisection
method.
10. Computer programming - Solving a equation by Newton – Raphson
method
11. Computer programming - Generation of Fibonacci series
Reference
1. Properties of Matter - D.S. Mathur
2. Optics - Subramanyan & Brijlal
3. Electricity &Magnetism - Sreevastava
4. Electronics Lab Manual (Vol.1) - K.A.Navas
5. Laboratory manual for electronic devices and circuits- David A Bell
6. Electronic Laboratory Primer- A design approach- S Poorna Chandra and B Sasikala.
7. A text book of practical Physics _ Indu Prakash and Ramakrishnan.
68
OUTLINE OF THE COMPLEMENTARY COURSE FOR
UNDERGRADUTE PROGRAMME IN MATHEMATICS
hours for the

Instructional
Instructional
hours/week
course
Course Code Title of the Course Credits ISA ESA Total
Semester I
Properties of Matter, Mechanics
ADPM101 2 36 2 10 60 70
and Fourier Analysis
ADPM1P01 2 36 1 10 20 30
and Fourier Analysis (P)
Semester II
Electric and Magnetic Phenomena,
ADPM202 Thermodynamics and Special 2 36 2 10 60 70
Theory of Relativity
Electric and Magnetic Phenomena,
ADPM2P02 Thermodynamics and Special 2 36 1 10 20 30
Theory of Relativity (P)
Semester III
Quantum Mechanics,
Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics,
ADPM303 3 54 3 10 60 70
Basic Electronics and Digital
Electronics
Quantum Mechanics,
Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics,
ADPM3P03 2 36 1 10 20 30
Basic Electronics and Digital
Electronics (P)
Semester IV
Physical Optics, Laser Physics and
ADPM404 3 54 3 10 60 70
Astrophysics
Physical Optics, Laser Physics and
ADPM4P04 2 36 1 10 20 30
Astrophysics (P)
69
70
SEMESTER I
ADPM101: PROPERTIES OF MATTER, MECHANICS AND FOURIER

ANALYSIS
Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of mechanics, electricity, magnetism, properties of matter

and mathematical tools.
Scope: The syllabus will cater into the basic requirements for his/her higher studies.
Module I
Elasticity (12 hrs)
Elastic moduli- Poisson’s ratio- twisting couple- determination of rigidity modulus- static
and dynamic methods- static torsion- torsion pendulum- bending of beams- cantilever-
uniform and non-uniform bending
Mechanics- H.S.Hans and S.P.Puri. (Tata McGraw-Hill)
Properties of Matter- Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam (S. Chand and Co.)
Mechanics- J.C. Upadhyaya (Ram Prasad and sons)
Module II
Rotational dynamics of rigid bodies (10 hrs)
Angular velocity- angular momentum- torque- conservation of angular momentum- angular
acceleration- moment of inertia- parallel and perpendicular axes theorems- moment of inertia
of rod, ring, disc, cylinder and sphere- flywheel
Module III
Oscillations (9 hrs)
Periodic and oscillatory motion- simple harmonic motion- differential equation- expression
for displacement, velocity and acceleration- graphical representation- energy of a particle
executing simple harmonic motion- damped oscillation- forced oscillation and resonance
Fourier analysis (5 hrs)
Fourier’s theorem- evaluation of Fourier coefficients- analysis of square wave, saw tooth
wave and triangular wave
71
Properties of Matter - Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam (S. Chand and Co.)
Mathematical methods for Physicists – G. B. Arfken and H.J. Weber (Academic press)
Reference:
1. Mechanics- H.S.Hans and S.P.Puri. (Tata McGraw-Hill)
2. Properties of Matter- Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam (S. Chand and Co.)
3. Mechanics- J.C. Upadhyaya (Ram Prasad and sons)
4. Mathematical methods for Physicists – G. B. Arfken and H.J. Weber (Academic press)
72
SEMESTER II
ADPM202: ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC PHENOMENA,

THERMODYNAMICS AND SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY
Scope: This syllabus will cater the basic requirements for their higher studies.
Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of electricity, magnetism, heat thermodynamics,
mathematical tools.
Module I
Dielectric materials (7 hrs)
Dielectrics- polar and non-polar dielectrics- polarization- field of a polarized object-
Bound charges- field inside a dielectric- Gauss’s law in the presence of dielectrics- Electric
displacement - linear dielectrics- susceptibility, permittivity, dielectric constant.
Magnetic Materials (7 hrs)
Magnetization in materials - Magnetisation - Effect of magnetic field on atomic orbits -
diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism - field of a magnetised object - bound
currents - magnetic field inside matter - Amperes’s law in magnetised materials - The
Auxiliary field , Magnetic Susceptibility and permeability
Introduction of Electrodynamics- D.J. Griffiths (PHI) Chapter 4&6
Solid State Physics- R. K. Puri and V.K. Babbar (S. Chand and Co.)
Module II
Thermodynamics (12 hrs)
Thermodynamic systems- thermodynamic equilibrium- thermodynamic processes-
isothermal process- adiabatic process- zeroth law of thermodynamics first law of
thermodynamics- heat engine- the Carnot engine- refrigerator concept of entropy- second law
of thermodynamics- third law of thermodynamics- Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations
Thermodynamics- Zemansky and Dittmann (Tata McGraw-Hill)
Heat and Thermodynamics- Brijlal and Subrahmanyam (S. Chand &Co)
Module III
Special theory of relativity (10 hrs)
Introduction- Galilean transformation- Newtonian principle of relativity- special theory-
postulates- Lorentz transformation- length contraction- time dilation relativity of
73
simultaneity- addition of velocities- relativistic mass transformation mass energy relation
Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta (Affiliated East
West press Pvt. Ltd)
Concepts of Modern Physics- A. Beiser (Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th Edn.)
Modern Physics- R. Murugeshan (S. Chand and Co.)
Modern Physics- G.Aruldas and P.Rajagopal (PHI Pub)
Reference:
1. Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta (Affiliated East West press
Pvt. Ltd)
2. Concepts of Modern Physics- A. Beiser (Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th Edn.)
3. Modern Physics- R. Murugeshan (S. Chand and Co.)
4. Introduction of Electrodynamics- D.J. Griffiths (PHI Pvt. Ltd)
5. Modern Physics- G.Aruldas and P.Rajagopal (PHI Pub)
6. Thermodynamics- Zemansky and Dittmann (Tata McGraw-Hill)
7. Heat and Thermodynamics- Brijlal and Subrahmanyam (S. Chand &Co)
74
SEMESTER III
ADPM303: QUANTUM MECHANICS, SPECTROSCOPY, NUCLEAR

PHYSICS, BASIC ELECTRONICS AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
Module I
Elementary Quantum theory (12 hrs)
Introduction- black body radiation and Planck’s quantum hypothesis-photoelectric effect-
Einstein’s explanation- de Broglie hypothesis- matter wave- Davisson-Germer experiment-
uncertainty principle (derivation not expected) -wave function- conditions-normalization-
Schroedinger equation-stationary states- non-normalizable wave functions- box
normalization
Spectroscopy (12 hrs)
Atom models- Thomson’s model-Rutherford’s nuclear atom model-Bohr atom model-
Somerfeld’s relativistic atom model- vector atom model- Fine structure of Hydrogen atom -
Rotational and vibrational spectra of rigid diatomic molecules- Raman effect-quantum
theory.
Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta (Affiliated East West press
Pvt. Ltd)
Quantum Physics- S. Gasiorowicz ( John Wiley & Sons)
Module II
Atomic nucleus and radioactivity (10 hrs)
Nuclear constituents- different nuclear types- properties of nuclei- size- masscharge- density-
binding energy- packing fraction -nuclear stability -spin - magnetic dipole moment -electric
quadrupole moment -properties of nuclear forces -radioactivity- radiations -law of
radioactive decay - half life- mean life-radioactivity units -radio active series-radio active
dating- carbon dating-artificial radioactivity
Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta (Affiliated East
West press Pvt. Ltd)
75
Module III
Basic electronics (13 hrs)
PN junction diode – forward and reverse characteristics-Diode as a rectifier-Half wave, Full
wave and Bridge rectifier-shunt capacitor filter-expressions for efficiency and ripple factor-
Zener diode- Zener diode as a voltage regulator-Line regulation and load regulation-
transistors- CB, CE and CC configurations- relations connecting current gains , and -
characteristics in CE mode- biasing of transistor-different biasing techniques-transistor as an
amplifier-Operational amplifiers - Ideal Op-amp - Inverting amplifier - Non inverting
amplifier.
Digital electronics (7 hrs)
Different number systems – decimal, binary, octal, hexa decimal number systems-
conversion between different number systems- binary mathematics addition and subtraction-
basic theorems of Boolean algebra- de Morgan’s theorems AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR,
XOR gates- truth tables- half adder- full adder
Basic electronics- B. L. Theraja (S. Chand and Co.)
Elements of electronics- M.K. Bagde, S.P. Sngh and K. Singh (S. Chand and Co.)
Digital principles and applications- A. P. Malvino and P.Leach
Reference:
Pvt. Ltd)
4. Quantum Physics- S. Gasiorowicz ( John Wiley & Sons)
5. Basic electronics- B. L. Theraja (S. Chand and Co.)
6. Elements of electronics- M.K. Bagde, S.P. Sngh and K. Singh (S. Chand and Co.)
8. Digital principles and applications- A. P. Malvino and P.Leach
76
SEMESTER IV
ADPM404: PHYSICAL OPTICS, LASER PHYSICS AND

ASTROPHYSICS
Module I
Interference of light- Principle of superposition- conditions for maximum and minimum
intensities- coherent sources- Interference by division of wave front and division of
amplitude- Young’s double slit experiment (division of wave front) –Expression for fringe
width- Newton’s rings by reflected light (division of amplitude) - measurement of
wavelength of sodium light by Newton’s rings- interference in thin films
Diffraction (8 hrs)
Introduction – Difference between Interference and diffraction- Fresnel and Fraunhofer
diffraction- Fresnel Diffraction at a straight edge- Theory of plane transmission grating-
Determination of wavelength (normal incidence) –resolving power- dispersive power
A Text book of Optics- N. Subrahmanyam, Brijlal and M.N.Avadhanulu (S. Chand

and Co.)
Optics- Satyaprakash (Ratan Prakash Mandir)
Optics- A. Ghatak (Tata McGraw-Hill)
Module II
Polarization (15 hrs)
Introduction- polarized and unpolarized light- plane of vibration –plane of polarization -
polarization by reflection- Brewster’s law- polarization by refraction through pile of plates –
law of Malus- uni-axial and biaxial crystals – double refraction- principal plane- polarization
by double refraction- polarization by selective absorption- polaroid- polarization by
scattering- elliptically and circularly polarized light- half wave and quarter wave plates
A text book of Optics- N. Subrahmanyam, Brijlal and M.N.Avadhanulu (S. Chand
and Co.)
Optics- Satyaprakash (Ratan prakash Mandir)
77
Module III
Laser Physics (10 hrs)
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter- stimulated absorption- spontaneous
emission- stimulated emission- principle of laser-population inversion- Einstein’s
coefficients- Types of lasers- Ruby laser-Neodymiun YAG laser- He-Ne laser- Properties of
laser beams- Application of laser beams
Astrophysics (9 hrs)
Temperature and color of a star- brightness- size of a star- elements present in a stellar
atmosphere- mass of star- life time of a star- main sequence stars- HR diagram- evolution of
stars- white dwarf- supernova explosion- neutron star- black hole- (all topics to be treated
qualitatively)
Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta (Affiliated East West
press Pvt. Ltd)
An introduction to Astrophysics- Baidyanath Basu
Reference:
Pvt. Ltd)
4. A text book of optics- N. Subrahmanyam, Brijlal and M.N.Avadhanulu (S. Chand and
Co.)
5. Optics- Satyaprakash (Ratan prakash Mandir)
7. An introduction to Astrophysics- Baidyanath Basu
8. Optics- A. Ghatak (Tata McGraw-Hill)
78
PRACTICALS
A minimum of 8 experiments should be done in each practical course component
SEMESTER I
ADPM1P01: PROPERTIES OF MATTER, MECHANICS AND

FOURIER ANALYSIS
1. Vernier Calipers - Volume of a cylinder, sphere and a beaker

3. Beam balance - Mass of a solid (sensibility method)
4. Radius of a capillary tube- using travelling microscope
5. Density of a liquid - U-Tube and Hare’s apparatus
7. Surface Tension - Capillary rise method.
8. Cantilever -Scale and Telescope - Determination of Young’s Modulus
9. Symmetric Compound Pendulum - Determination of radius of gyration(K)
and Acceleration due to gravity (g)
10. Spectrometer - Angle of the Prism.
79
80
SEMESTER II
ADPM2P02: ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC PHENOMENA,

THERMODYNAMICS AND SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY
1. Cantilever -Pin & Microscope - Determination of Young’s modulus

2. Asymmetric Compound Pendulum - Determination of K and g
3. Coefficient of Viscosity - Constant pressure head
4. Spectrometer - Refractive Index of material of prism.
5. Liquid lens - Refractive Index of glass using liquid of
known refractive index
6. Potentiometer - Calibration of low range voltmeter
8. Construction of half wave rectifier with and without filter
- Ripple factor and Load regulation
9. Mirror Galvanometer - Figure of merit
81
82
SEMESTER III
ADPM3P03: QUANTUM MECHANICS, SPECTROSCOPY, NUCLEAR

PHYSICS, BASIC ELECTRONICS AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
1. Non-uniform bending-Young’s modulus - Pin and Microscope method

2. Field along the axis of circular coil - Variation of magnetic field and
determination of BH
4. Liquid lens - Refractive index of liquid
5. Searle’s vibration Magnetometer - Magnetic moment
6. Tangent Galvanometer - Ammeter calibration
7. Spectrometer - Prism – Dispersive power
8. Potentiometer - Calibration of low range ammeter
9. Construction of full wave rectifier with and without filter
- Ripple factor and Load regulation
10. Construction of regulated power supply using Zener diode
83
84
SEMESTER IV
ADPM4P04: PHYSICAL OPTICS, LASER PHYSICS AND

ASTROPHYSICS
1. Uniform bending - Young’s modulus- Optic lever method

2. Torsion pendulum (Equal mass method) - Rigidity modulus and Moment of Inertia
3. Fly wheel - Moment of Inertia
4. Static Torsion - Rigidity modulus
5. Spectrometer - Grating Dispersive power
6. Newton’s rings - Wave length
7. Deflection and Vibration Magnetometer - m & Bh
9. Transistor characteristics - CE configuration
10. Gates - AND , OR, NOT- verification of truth
table
11. Construction of CE amplifier - gain
References
1. Properties of matter - D.S. Mathur
2. Optics - Subrahmanyan & Brijlal
7. A text book of Practical Physics _ Indu Prakash and Ramakrishnan.
85
86
OUTLINE OF THE COMPLEMENTARY COURSE FOR
UNDERGRATUTE PROGRAMME IN CHEMISTRY
hours for the

Instructional
Instructional
hours/week
course
Course
Code
Semester I
ADPC101 2 36 2 10 60 70
and Particle Physics
ADPC1P01 2 36 1 10 20 30
and Particle Physics (P)
Semester II
Electric and Magnetic
phenomena, Thermodynamics
ADPC202 2 36 2 10 60 70
and Elementary Solid State
Physics
Electric and Magnetic
phenomena, Thermodynamics
ADPC2P02 2 36 1 10 20 30
and Elementary Solid State
Physics (P)
Semester III
Quantum Mechanics,
ADPC303 Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics 3 54 2 10 60 70
and Electronics
Quantum Mechanics,
ADPC3P03 Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics 3 54 1 10 20 30
and Electronics (P)
Semester IV
Physical Optics, Laser Physics
ADPC404 3 54 2 10 60 70
and Superconductivity
Physical Optics, Laser Physics
ADPC4P04 3 54 1 10 20 30
and Superconductivity (P)
87
88
SEMESTER I
ADPC101: PROPERTIES OF MATTER, MECHANICS AND PARTICLE

PHYSICS
Scope: This syllabus will cater the basic requirements for their higher studies. This course
will provide a theoretical basis for doing experiments in related areas.
Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of mechanics, properties of matter, mathematical tools.
Module I
Elasticity (12 hrs)
Elastic moduli- Poisson’s ratio- twisting couple- determination of rigidity modulus- static
and dynamic methods- static torsion- torsion pendulum- bending of beams- cantilever-
uniform and non-uniform bending
Module II
Rotational dynamics of rigid bodies (10 hrs)
Angular velocity- angular momentum- torque- conservation of angular momentum- angular
acceleration- moment of inertia- parallel and perpendicular axes theorems- moment of inertia
of rod, ring, disc, cylinder and sphere- flywheel
Mechanics- H. S. Hans and S. P. Puri. (Tata McGraw-Hill)
Module III
Oscillations (9 hrs)
Periodic and oscillatory motion- simple harmonic motion- differential equation- expression
for displacement, velocity and acceleration- graphical representation- energy of a particle
executing simple harmonic motion- damped oscillation- forced oscillation and resonance
Particle Physics (5 hrs)
Fundamental interactions in nature- gauge particles- classification of particles-antiparticles-
elementary particle quantum numbers- conservation laws- quark model (qualitative)
89
References
Mechanics - H.S.Hans and S.P.Puri. (Tata McGraw-Hill)
Properties of Matter - Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam (S. Chand and Co.)
90
SEMESTER II
ADPC202: ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC PHENOMENA,

THERMODYNAMICS AND ELEMENTARY SOLID STATE PHYSICS
Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of electricity, magnetism, heat, thermodynamics,
mathematical tools.
Module I
Dielectric materials (7 hrs)
Dielectrics- polar and non-polar dielectrics- polarization- field of a polarized object-
Bound charges- field inside a dielectric- Gauss’s law in the presence of dielectrics- Electric
displacement - linear dielectrics- susceptibility, permittivity, dielectric constant.
Magnetic materials (7 hrs)
Magnetization in materials - Magnetisation - Effect of magnetic field on atomic orbits -
diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism - field of a magnetised object - bound
currents - magnetic field inside matter - Amperes’s law in magnetised materials - The
Auxiliary field , Magnetic Susceptibility and permeability
Introduction of Electrodynamics- D.J. Griffiths (PHI) Chapter 4&6
Module II
Crystalline solids (10 hrs)
Crystalline and amorphous solids- crystal lattice- basis- unit cell- lattice parameters- crystal
systems- crystal planes and directions- miller indices- simple cubic- fcc -bcc hcp structures-
packing fraction- NaCl structure- crystal diffraction- Bragg’s law
Introduction to Solid State Physics-C. Kittel(John Wiley & Sons,7th Edn.)
Module III
Thermodynamics (12 hrs)
Thermodynamic systems- thermodynamic equilibrium- thermodynamic processes-
isothermal process- adiabatic process- zeroth law of thermodynamics- first law of
thermodynamics- heat engine- the Carnot engine refrigerator-concept of entropy- second law
91
of thermodynamics- third law of thermodynamics- Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations
Thermodynamics- Zemansky and Dittmann (Tata McGraw-Hill)
Heat and Thermodynamics- Brijlal and Subrahmanyam (S. Chand &Co)
Reference
1. Thermodynamics- Zemansky and Dittmann (Tata McGraw-Hill)
2. Heat and Thermodynamics- Brijlal and Subrahmanyam (S. Chand &Co)
92
SEMESTER III
ADPC303: QUANTUM MECHANICS, SPECTROSCOPY, NUCLEAR

PHYSICS AND ELECTRONICS
Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of electricity, modern physics, mathematical tools.
Module I
Elementary Quantum theory (12 hrs)
Introduction- black body radiation and Planck’s quantum hypothesis-photoelectric effect-
Einstein’s explanation- de Broglie hypothesis- matter wave- Davisson-Germer experiment-
uncertainty principle (derivation not expected) -wave function- conditions-normalization-
Schroedinger equation –stationary states- non-normalizable wavefunctions- box
normalization
Spectroscopy (12 hrs)
Atom models- Thomson’s model-Rutherford’s nuclear atom model-Bohr atom model-
Somerfeld’s relativistic atom model- vector atom model- Fine structure of Hydrogen atom -
Rotational and vibrational spectra of rigid diatomic molecules- Raman effect-quantum theory
Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta
Module II
Atomic nucleus and radioactivity (10 hrs)
Nuclear constituents- different nuclear types- properties of nuclei- size- mass charge-
density- binding energy- packing fraction -nuclear stability -spin - magnetic dipole moment -
electric quadrupole moment -properties of nuclear forces -radioactivity- radiations -law of
radioactive decay - half life- mean life radio activity units -radio active series-radio active
dating- carbon dating artificial radioactivity
93
Nuclear fission and fusion (7 hrs)
Nuclear fission- energy release in fission reactions- liquid drop model of fission chain
reaction- nuclear reactor- power and breeder reactor- atom bomb nuclear fusion- energy
production in stars- thermo nuclear reactions in sun- p-p chain - C-N cycle
Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta
Module III
Basic electronics (13 hrs)
PN junction diode – forward and reverse characteristics-Diode as a rectifier-Half wave, Full
wave and Bridge rectifier-shunt capacitor filter-expressions for efficiency and ripple factor-
Zener diode- Zener diode as a voltage regulator-Line regulation and load regulation-
transistors- CB, CE and CC configurations- relations connecting current gains , and -
characteristics in CE mode- biasing of transistor- different biasing techniques -transistor as
an amplifier-Operational amplifiers - Ideal Op-amp - Inverting amplifier - Non inverting
amplifier.
A Text Book of Applied Electronics-R.S.Sedha: S.Chand Co. Multi Colour Edn.
Chapters
Basic Electronics- B. L. Theraja (S. Chand and Co.)
Elements of Electronics- M.K. Bagde, S.P. Sngh and K. Singh (S. Chand and Co.)
94
SEMESTER IV
ADPC404: PHYSICAL OPTICS, LASER PHYSICS AND

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of optics, Properties of matter, mathematical tools.
Module I
Interference of light- Principle of superposition- conditions for maximum and minimum
intensities- coherent sources- Interference by division of wave front and division of
amplitude- Young’s double slit experiment (division of wave front) –Expression for fringe
width- Newton’s rings by reflected light (division of amplitude) - measurement of
wavelength of sodium light by Newton’s rings- interference in thin films
Diffraction (8 hrs)
Introduction – Difference between Interference and diffraction- Fresnel and Fraunhofer
diffraction- Fresnel Diffraction at a straight edge- Theory of plane transmission grating-
Determination of wavelength (normal incidence) –resolving power- dispersive power
A text book of Optics - N. Subrahmanyam, Brijlal and M.N.Avadhanulu (S. Chand and
Co)
Module II
Polarization (15 hrs)
Introduction- polarized and unpolarized light- plane of vibration –plane of polarization -
polarization by reflection- Brewster’s law- polarization by refraction through pile of plates –
law of Malus- uni-axial and biaxial crystals – double refraction- principal plane- polarization
by double refraction- polarization by selective absorption- polaroid- polarization by
scattering- elliptically and circularly polarized light- half wave and quarter wave plates
A text book of optics- N. Subrahmanyam, Brijlal and M.N.Avadhanulu (S. Chand
and Co.)
95
Module III
Laser Physics (10 hrs)
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter- stimulated absorption- spontaneous
emission- stimulated emission- principle of laser-population inversion- Einstein’s
coefficients- Types of lasers- Ruby laser-Neodymiun YAG laser- He-Ne laser- Properties of
laser beams- Application of laser beams
Superconductivity (9 hrs)
Super conducting phenomenon- Occurrence- BCS theory (qualitative) Meissner Effect- Type
I and Type II superconductors- Josephson effects- High temperature superconductors-
Applications of Superconductivity
Solid State Physics- R. K. Puri and V.K. Babbar (S. Chand and Co)
Reference:
1. Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta (Affiliated East West
press Pvt. Ltd)
4. Modern Physics- G.Aruldas and P.Rajagopal(PHI Pub)
5. Solid State Physics- R. K. Puri and V.K. Babbar (S. Chand and Co.)
96
PRACTICALS
A minimum of 8 experiments shall be done in each practical course component
SEMESTER I
ADPC1P01: PROPERTIES OF MATTER, MECHANICS AND

PARTICLE PHYSICS
1. Vernier Calipers - Volume of a cylinder, sphere and a beaker

3. Beam balance - Mass of a solid (sensibility method)
4. Radius of a capillary tube- Using (1) travelling microscope
5. Density of a liquid - U-Tube and Hare’s apparatus
7. Surface Tension – Capillary rise method.
8. Cantilever - Scale and Telescope – Determination of Young’s Modulus
9. Symmetric Compound Pendulum-Determination of radius of gyration(K) and
Acceleration due to gravity (g)
10. Spectrometer – Angle of the Prism.
97
98
SEMESTER II
ADPC2P02: ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC PHENOMENA,

THERMODYNAMICS AND ELEMENTARY SOLID STATE
PHYSICS
1. Cantilever – Pin & Microscope - Determination of Young’s modulus

2. Asymmetric Compound Pendulum-Determination of K and g
3. Coefficient of Viscosity – Constant pressure head
4. Spectrometer - Refractive Index of material of prism.
5. Liquid lens - Refractive Index of glass using liquid of known refractive index
6. Potentiometer-Calibration of low range voltmeter
8. Construction of half wave rectifier with and without filter – Ripple factor and Load
regulation
9. Mirror Galvanometer – Figure of merit
99
100
SEMESTER III
ADPC3P03: QUANTUM MECHANICS, SPECTROSCOPY, NUCLEAR

PHYSICS AND ELECTRONICS
1. Non-uniform bending-Young’s modulus-Pin and Microscope method

2. Field along the axis of circular coil- Variation of magnetic field and determination of
BH
4. Liquid lens - Refractive index of liquid
5. Searle’s vibration Magnetometer-magnetic moment
6. Tangent Galvanometer – Ammeter calibration
7. Spectrometer – Prism – Dispersive power
8. Potentiometer-Calibration of low range ammeter
9. Construction of full wave rectifier with and without filter – Ripple factor and Load
regulation
10. Construction of regulated power supply using Zener diode
101
102
SEMESTER IV
ADPC4P04: PHYSICAL OPTICS, LASER PHYSICS AND

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
1. Uniform bending – Young’s modulus-Optic lever method

2. Torsion pendulum (Equal mass method) - Rigidity modulus and Moment of Inertia
3. Fly wheel - Moment of Inertia
4. Static Torsion - Rigidity modulus
5. Spectrometer - Grating Dispersive power
6. Newton’s rings - Wave length
7. Deflection and Vibration Magnetometer- m & Bh
9. Transistor characteristics- CE configuration
10. Gates – AND , OR, NOT- verification of truth table
11. Construction of CE amplifier – gain
Reference
1. Properties of Matter - D.S. Mathur
2. Optics - Subrahmanyan & Brijlal
7. A text book of Practical Physics - Indu Prakash and Ramakrishnan.
103
104
OUTLINE OF THE OPEN COURSES
hours for the

Instructional
Instructional
hours/week
course
Course Code Title of the Course Credits ISA ESA Total
AOPH501 Amateur Astronomy 4 72 3 20 80 100
AOPH502 Renewable Energy 4 72 3 20 80 100
105
106
AOPH501: AMATEUR ASTRONOMY
Scope: To help the students to comprehend the Cosmos and its origin and to develop
scientific aptitude.
Prerequisites: This course in intended mainly for the students of other disciplines. So a
secondary level knowledge of mathematics and physics is enough to study this course. But an
inquisitive mind and curiosity are essential from the part of a student.
Module 1
Observation of sky- 24 hrs
The tools of Astronomy- refractor and reflector- magnification. The advent of Radio
Astronomy. Hubble’s Telescope, The Worldwide Telescope (WWT), GMRT (India),
Telescopes of the future. Constellations (Ursa major, Crux, Orion). Equatorial constellations-
passage of sun through the zodiac. Classification of stars and galaxies. Apparent and absolute
magnitude.
Celestial sphere- poles and equator- coordinate systems- equatorial- equinoxes. Cosmic
distance. Cepheids. Universe of galaxies. Sidereal, apparent and mean solar time, seasons.
Diurnal motion of sun- summer solstice- winter solstice. Currently used calendars.
International Date Line.
Text Books:
1. Architecture of the Universe (ch- 2, 5 & 12)- Necia H. Apfel & Allen Hynek- The
Benjamin Cummings publishing company, Inc.
2. Cosmic Vistas- A popular History of Astronomy (ch- 3)- Biman Basu- National Book
Trust, India.
3. Joy of Starwatching (ch- 3, 8 &10)- Biman Basu- National Book Trust, India.
Module II
Solar system and beyond – 24 hrs
The sun- solar atmosphere- sun spots- flares- prominences- coronal holes- solar pulsations-
the missing neutrinos. Earth- rotation- time keeping- revolution - orbital changes. Moon-
distance- Appolo misson-moon illusion- origin. Lunar and solar eclipses. New moon and full
moon.
107
Definition of a planet- terrestrial planets- mercury, venus, earth, mars. Giants of the solar
system- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. Comparison of planets. Minor members of solar
system- Asteroids, comets. Distance to stars- parallax method.
Text Book:
1. Architecture of the Universe (ch- 2, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20)- Necia H. Apfel & Allen
Hynek- The Benjamin Cummings publishing company, Inc.
Module III
Our universe – 24 hrs.
Early models of universe- Earth at the centre- Aristotle- Ptolemy- a spinning earth-
unanswered questions- Sun at the centre- Copernican model. Planetary paths- Kepler’s laws.
Beyond the eye- Galileo and his observations - Starry messenger- force of gravity. Milky
Way- Cluster of galaxies.
Life cycle of a star- star clusters- stellar evolution- red giant- death of a star- white dwarf-
novae- super novae- neutron star- black hole. Doppler effect- radial velocities of galaxies-
expanding universe- age and size of universe. Big bang- microwave radiation – detection of
CMBR. Extraterrestrial Life, SETI (Search for extra terrestrial intelligence).
Text Books:
1. Architecture of the Universe (ch- 3, 4, 8& 9)- Necia H. Apfel & Allen Hynek-
The Benjamin Cummings publishing company, Inc.
2. Chandrasekhar and his limit(ch- 2)- G. Venkataraman- Universities press.
3. Cosmic Vistas- A popular History of Astronomy(ch- 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)- Biman Basu-
National Book Trust, India.
Reference
4. Astronomy: A Self-Teaching Guide, 7th Edition by Dinah L. Moché. Publisher: John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.
5. Astronomy: A Beginners Guide To The Universe, by Steve Mcmillan Eric Chaisson.
Publisher: Pearson Education.
6. Astronomy tutorial developed by Dept. Physics & Astronomy, University of Tennessee,
USA
7. URL: http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/index.html
8. Understanding the Universe, James B. Seaborn, Springer
9. Elements of Cosmology, Jayant V. Narlikar, Universities Press
10. Introduction to Astrophysics. Baidyanath Basu:,Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd
108
11. Astrophysics of the Solar System, K. D. Abhyankar ,Universities Press
12. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/
13. http://www.nineplanets.org/
For additional reading:

1. A Guide to the Night Sky - P. N. Shankar
2. Clusters Nebulae & Galaxies - P. N. Shankar
3. How to Build a Telescope - P. N. Shankar
4. Story of Astronomy - Uday Patil (All these books are available for free download at
the IUCAA website. URL: http://www.iucaa.ernet.in/~scipop/ebooks.html)
5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Astronomy
109
AOPH502: RENEWABLE ENERGY
Scope: The course creates awareness among students about energy management and
sustainable energy technologies.
Module I
Energy Sources (23hrs)
Force, Energy, and Power-Energy conservation-Fundamental forms of energy: Kinetic
energy, Gravitational energy, Electrical energy and Nuclear energy-Energy conversion,
efficiencies and capacity factors- Present day energy use, Petroleum, Natural gas, and Coal -
Fossil fuels and climate change-Advantages and disadvantages of conventional electricity
generation- Renewable energy sources-Advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy-
India’s current fuel usage-Status and potential of renewable energy.
Solar thermal energy
Solar water heater-Nature and availability of solar radiation-Magic of glass-Active solar
heating-Passive solar heating-Solar thermal engines and Electricity generation-Concentrating
solar collectors-Economics, Potential and Environmental Impact
Solar Photovoltaic
The PV effect: Basic principles- PV systems for remote power-Grid connected PV systems –
Costs of energy from P V - Environmental impact and safety- PV integration, resources and
future prospects
Text Books for study:

1. Renewable energy-Power for a sustainable future, Godfrey Boyle (Oxford university
press)
2. Non-Conventional Energy Resources, D.S Chauhan, S.K Srivastava (New age
international Publishers)
Module II
Bioenergy and Wind Energy (21hrs)
Introduction to Bioenergy-Biomass as a solar energy store-Biomass as a fuel-primary
biomass energy sources-secondary biomass sources-Physical processing of biomass-
Thermochemical processing-Biochemical processing-Environmental benefits and impacts-
Economics
110
Introduction to wind energy-Energy and power in the wind-wind turbines-Power and energy
from wind turbines-Environmental impact – Economics-Wind energy potential
Text Book for study:
press)
Module III
Integration, management and storage of renewable energy (23hrs)
Storage of intermittently generated renewable energy- Electrical storage: Batteries and
Accumulators, Superconducting electromagnetic energy storage - Fuel cell - Mechanical
storage - Storage as thermal energy
Integration of renewable energy-Integrating electricity from renewables-The variability
problem- Hydrogen as a fuel-promoting renewables
The value of energy management - Principles of energy management- Energy auditing-Basic
components of energy audit
Text Books for study:
1. Renewable energy resources, John Twidell & Weir
press)
3. Renewable energy sources, Tasneem Abbasi, S.A. Abbasi (PHI Learning Private
Limited)
4. Energy Management Handbook, Wayne C. Turner (The Fairmont Press)
Project work- 5 (hrs) (credit-1)
Solar still, Solar cooker, biogas plant prototype etc.
Reference books
1. Solar energy, H.P Garg (Tata McGraw-Hill)
2. Renewable Energy Technologies: Practical Guide for Beginners, Solanki (PHI
Learning)
3. Renewable Energy Sources and Emerging Technologies, Ranjan Rakesh, Kothari D. P.,
Singal K. C. (PHI Learning)
4. Solar Energy: Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage, S. P. Sukhatme J. K. Nayak
(Tata McGraw-Hill)
111

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DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS FOR

The Board of Studies in Physics (U G) acknowledges the contributions from all

curriculum to this present nature.

For the Board of Studies in Physics,

The programme also aims to develop the following abilities:

1 Read, understand and interpret physical information – verbal, mathematical and

MARK CUM GRADE CARD

Grade Awarded (G)

Grade Point (GP)

MARK CUM GRADE CARD

Grade Awarded (G)

Grade Point (GP)

MARK CUM GRADE CARD

Grade Awarded (G)

Grade Point (GP)

Core Course Awarded

Semester Results Programme Part Results

hours for the

Course Code Title of the Course

ABPH6E01 Astronomy and Astrophysics

ABPH101: FOUNDATION COURSE IN PHYSICS

ABPH202: MECHANICS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER

ABPH303: BASIC ELECTRONICS

ABPH404: ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND ELECTRODYNAMICS

ABPH505: CLASSICAL MECHANICS AND RELATIVITY

ABPH609: COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS

Scope: This course is intended to provide an introduction to the physics of Condensed

ABPH6E01: ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

ABPH1P01: FOUNDATION COURSE IN PHYSICS

1. Vernier Calipers - Volume of a cylinder, sphere and a hollow cylinder

ABPH2P02: MECHANICS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER

1. Cantilever - Scale and Telescope - Determination of Young’s modulus

ABPH3P03: BASIC ELECTRONICS

1. Cantilever - pin & microscope - Determination of Young’s modulus

ABPH4P04: ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND

1. Non uniform bending - Pin and Microscope method

ABPH5P05: CLASSICAL MECHANICS AND RELATIVITY

1. Fly Wheel - Moment of Inertia

1. Spectrometer - Grating- wave length

1. Characteristics of Zener diode

1. Spectrometer - Grating- dispersive power

ABPH6P09: COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS

1. Young’s Modulus - Koenig’s method

1. Universal gates IC NAND,NOR - -Realize basic gates from universal gates.

1. Thermistor - Temperature coefficient of resistance

hours for the

ADPM101: PROPERTIES OF MATTER, MECHANICS AND FOURIER

Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of mechanics, electricity, magnetism, properties of matter

ADPM202: ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC PHENOMENA,

ADPM303: QUANTUM MECHANICS, SPECTROSCOPY, NUCLEAR

ADPM404: PHYSICAL OPTICS, LASER PHYSICS AND

A Text book of Optics- N. Subrahmanyam, Brijlal and M.N.Avadhanulu (S. Chand

ADPM1P01: PROPERTIES OF MATTER, MECHANICS AND

1. Vernier Calipers - Volume of a cylinder, sphere and a beaker

ADPM2P02: ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC PHENOMENA,

1. Cantilever -Pin & Microscope - Determination of Young’s modulus

ADPM3P03: QUANTUM MECHANICS, SPECTROSCOPY, NUCLEAR

Credits: 1 Contact Lab Hours: 36

1. Non-uniform bending-Young’s modulus - Pin and Microscope method

ADPM4P04: PHYSICAL OPTICS, LASER PHYSICS AND

Credits: 1 Contact Lab Hours: 36