REVIEW ON ENERGY AUDIT POLICY,

STANDARDS AND METHODOLOGY

Prepared By:
Brunei National Energy Research Institute (BNERI)
November 4, 2015
Company: Brunei National Energy Research Institute (BNERI)
Science & Technology Research Building
UBD Tungku Link BE1410
Brunei Darussalam

Intern: Abdul Hafiz Bin Haji Abu Bakar

FDPE/02/002/13
Foundation Degree in Process Engineering
Petroleum & Chemical Department
Institut Teknologi Brunei

Supervisor: Majid Haji Sapar

Senior Researcher
Energy Efficiency & Conservation Department
majid.sapar@bneri.org.bn

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Table of Contents

1. ABBREVIATION ................................................................................................................................ 3
2. OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................................... 4
3. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 5
4. ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - OVERVIEW ................................................................................. 6
5. ENERGY AUDIT................................................................................................................................. 8
5.1. Objective ................................................................................................................................. 8
5.2. Energy Audit Standards and Procedures ................................................................................... 8
5.3. ASHRAE's General Procedure & Guidelines for Commercial Building ........................................ 9
5.3.1. Preliminary Audit............................................................................................................ 11
5.3.2. Walk-Through Audit ....................................................................................................... 11
5.3.3. Energy Survey and Analysis............................................................................................. 13
5.3.4. Detailed Audit of Capital Intensive Modifications ........................................................... 15
5.4. Comparative Overview Study: Policy and Regulation ............................................................. 16
6. WAY FORWARD FOR BRUNEI DARUSSALAM .................................................................................. 19
7. REFERENCE .................................................................................................................................... 20

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1. ABBREVIATION

ABBREVIATION
APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineers
ISO International Organization of Standardization
AS/NZS Australian / New Zealand Standards
JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
PBD Piawaian Brunei Darussalam
JCI Joint Commission International
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
EN European Standard
EUI Energy Utilization Index
EEI Energy Efficiency Index
EEC Energy Efficiency and Conservation
EMS Energy Management System
PDCA Plan - Do - Check - Act

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2. OVERVIEW

Most population nowadays is more aware and concerned about energy efficiency and conservation. One
of the main areas of such concern is on energy consumption in buildings. In this regards, an energy audit
is considered as one of the comprehensive method in checking and analyzing energy usage and wastage
in buildings.

This report gives an overview of energy audit in term of the different standards of energy audit. This
includes the level, process and analysis of energy auditing making references to these standards or
guidelines. For the purpose of this review, ASHRAE Procedure for Commercial Building Energy Audit
Guideline was used as the main reference.

A comparative overview study on countries which implements or practice energy efficiency policy and
regulations are also included.

This study is part of the preliminary study conducted by BNERI to support the work activities under the
Energy White Paper 2014 KPI 5: Energy Intensity-Policy 3 (Building Management) in collaboration with
Energy Department, Prime Minister’s Office (EDPMO).

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3. INTRODUCTION

Energy audit is the first step to improve energy efficiency of buildings and industrial facilities and it can
reduce energy expenses and carbon footprints. Other than that, energy audit can also reduce energy
usage, improve indoor air quality, produce consistent interior temperature, improve humidity control
and ventilation and etc. There are available many standards and guidelines for energy audit that being
adopted and practiced in other countries.

In the case of Brunei Darussalam, no official directive, standard or guideline is available at the moment
to regulate or enforce energy efficiency and conservation measures in the workplace especially in the
public sector after the building is handed over after the end of defect liability period. It is recognized
however that certain ministries and government department has in place directives or circular to adopt
energy efficiency and conservation measures in their workplace. This includes switching off lights and
electrical appliances such as PC and laptops if not in use, restrict the set point of the air-conditioning
system to equal to or more than 23˚C, ‘no lift day’ on Saturdays and so on.

For new building however, Government of Brunei through the Ministry of Development recently
launched and published a guideline entitled 'Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EEC) Building Guideline
2015 for Non-Residential Buildings' which require the selection and design building services system
equipment to satisfy minimum energy efficiency standard. This also includes provision for EMS through
metering and sub-metering of major system and equipment for the purpose of energy use monitoring
hence ease of energy auditing later when the building is in operation. This is mandatory for new public
buildings but voluntary for private buildings.

In this respect, the establishment of a policy or regulations which relates to the monitoring of energy
use is essential to make sure that buildings are operated efficiently and wastage minimize as per original
design intent during it whole life cycle. The establishment of an energy management policy which
includes requirement to conduct regular energy audit is a step and right direction to achieve energy
intensity reduction target of 45% by 2035 in line with Brunei Darussalam’s commitment to APEC.

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4. ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - OVERVIEW

Energy Management System (EMS) is define as the strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy, using
systems and procedures so as to reduce energy requirements per unit of output while holding constant
or reducing total costs of producing output from these systems.

In general, the two main objectives of EMS are:

1. to minimize energy cost/waste without affecting production & quality, and

2. to minimize environmental effects

However, to achieve the objectives, the first step of EMS is to develop an energy policy. This policy
should be developed through collaboration between the top management and the management
representatives as well as cross divisional/functional team. Thus, this policy should be established and
authorized by top management and be implemented as part of EMS.

In EMS, the essential part is PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACT (PDCA) cycle where it is used by a company to record
all energy flows at a specific time, and to find out the relevant influencing factors to derive saving
potentials, whose implementation is systematically accompanied and controlled.

Figure 1: Example of Energy management system model for ISO 50001

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 Figure 2: PDCA Cycle of Energy Management System

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5. ENERGY AUDIT

As in the energy management PDCA cycle, internal audit or known as Energy Audit is part of the cycle. It
is a mandatory systematic approach introduced for decision making in an EMS which comprises strategic
element that helps organizations or companies to reduce energy costs and manage energy consumption
to the point that it uses examine any equipment and take necessary measures to replace/repair which
can improve and reduce energy losses.

5.1.Objective
The objectives of an energy analysis or audit are to identify and develop modifications that will reduce
the energy use and/or cost of operating a building. The results should be presented in a format that will
provide the information needed by an owner/operator to decide if any or all of the recommended
modifications should be implemented.

In summary, the purpose of an energy audit is to:

1. Collect and analyze historical energy use
2. Study the building and its operational characteristics.
3. Identify potential modifications that will reduce the energy use and/or cost.
4. Perform an engineering and economic analysis of potential modifications.
5. Prepare a rank-ordered list of appropriate modifications.
6. Prepare a report to document the analysis process and results.

5.2.Energy Audit Standards and Procedures

The most common guideline that is mostly used to conduct energy audit of a commercial building is
those developed and published by ASHRAE beside Building Performance Institute's (BPI's) Technical
Standards, European Standard EN 16247 - 1, ISO 50002 etc. However, any organization who decides to
conduct an energy audit can choose any of these standards as they are globally acceptable.

Name Description

ISO 50002: • Released in 2014 where it is designed to complement ISO 50001.

International Organization of
Standardization 50002 for Energy
Audit
• Analyse essential information on current energy use and performance and
recommendations for improvements in a wide range of areas, including
operational controls, maintenance controls, modifications and capital projects.
• Set down the basic principles and requirements for carrying out energy audits and
harmonizing common auditing processes.
• Compare results across similar sites.

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 EN 16247 - 1:
European Standard 164247 -1 -
Energy Audit Part 1: General
Requirements
• States the requirement for energy audits and corresponding obligations within the
energy auditing process.
• Recognizes that there are differences in approach to energy auditing in terms of
scope, aims and thoroughness, but seeks to harmonize common aspects of energy
auditing in order to bring more clarity and transparency to the market for energy
auditing services.
• Presented as a simple chronological sequence; this does not preclude however
repeated iterations of certain steps. This
• Applied to commercial, industrial, residential and public-sector organizations,
excluding individual private dwellings.
• Specifies the requirements, common methodology and deliverables for energy
audits.
• Apply to all forms of establishments and organizations, all forms of energy and
uses of energy, excluding individual private dwellings.
• Specific energy audit requirements will complete the general requirements in
separate parts dedicated to energy audits for buildings, industrial processes and
transportation.

ASHRAE: • proposed measures are feasible and appropriate for the building
• proposed measures meet applicable building codes
• data are internally consistent
• savings estimate methods follow established principles and methods
• estimates of potential energy savings are reasonable compared to quick estimates
and historical energy use
• proposed cost estimates are reasonable relative to field experience;
• interactions between EEMs are identified and addressed
• recommendations and report meet the project scope, goals and client’s needs
• any financial discussion includes current and viable mechanisms available per the
tax structure, location, and motivations of the client

AS/NZS 3598.1: Australia
Standard / New Zealand Standard
Energy audits, Part 1: Commercial
buildings
• set out the process for organizations and auditors to follow when undertaking
energy audits to identify opportunities for cost effective investments to improve
energy performance
• assist organizations to decide which of the three defined types of audit is
appropriate for their needs and to compare energy audit proposals
• provide auditors with a uniform basis for preparing energy audit proposals
• establish best practice for energy auditors to provide effective and ethical service
• place the energy audit in the context of an energy management system by
specifying pre- and post-audit activities for the organization, and suitable reporting
requirements
• complement existing energy, business and quality management systems, such as
ISO 50001, AS/NZS ISO 14001 and AS/NZS ISO 9001.

5.3.ASHRAE's General Procedure & Guidelines for Commercial Building

In ASHRAE guidelines, an energy auditor should provide sufficient information for the Owner/Operator
to understand:

1. Breakdown of the components of annual energy use and cost

2. Need to commit necessary resources for building energy costs, operation and maintenance costs
including personnel, and any energy efficiency capital improvement projects

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 3. Appropriateness of recommended measures, based on institutional and organization issues (i.e.
regulatory environment, financial options, and occupant requirements)
4. Understand different levels of energy analysis can be performed based on specific purpose of
owner from simple ranking of building energy usage, to contemplating major energy-saving
capital improvements requiring significant level of confidence in results of engineering and
economic analysis

The typical flow of an energy audit process can be summarized as per Figure 3 below.

Preliminary
Site Visit / Data Analysis /
Energy Use Report Writing
Collection Calculation
Analysis

Re-access
Data Needs

Figure 3: Typical Flow of Energy Audit Process

The guideline also provides the levels of analysis according to the level of effort required as follows:
1. Preliminary Audit
2. Level I - Walk-Through Audit
3. Level II - Energy Survey and Analysis
4. Level III- Detailed Audit of Capital Intensive Modifications

There are no strict boundaries between these levels. They can be considered as general categories for
identifying the type of information that can be expected and an indication of the confidence level based
in the results. It is possible that various measures may be subjected to different levels of analysis while
performing an energy analysis in a particular building. Some readers of an energy analysis report may
not be able to understand the technical analysis involved, while others may demand a full presentation
of the analysis for critique.

It is recommended therefore for technical material to be presented in an appendix to the report, while
the body of the report guides the reader through the technical material and summarizes the findings.
Information presented should be followed as being outlined in the engineering procedures while
performing an energy analysis. It is also recommended that the energy auditor develops and use
appropriate data collection and organization forms specific to the size and type of building(s) being
analyzed.

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The forms presented in the first two sections are building characteristic forms on which basic building
information and energy use can be recorded. Use of these forms by all engineering analysts will result in
a uniform procedure for reporting the results of an analysis. It is recommended that these forms be
completed without modification.

5.3.1. Preliminary Audit

In general, preliminary audit analyzes the historic utility use and cost. It develops the Energy Utilization
Index (EUI) or energy efficiency index (EEI) of the building and compares the building EUI/EEI to similar
buildings to determine if further engineering study and analysis are likely to produce significant energy
savings.

Preliminary audit is the first step to perform any energy audit/analysis where it determines a building's
current energy and cost efficiency with the comparison of other similar buildings. Normally, it is done by
calculating energy usage and cost per square foot per year, which can indicate the potential value of
further levels of analysis. The general steps of Preliminary audit are as follows:

1. Determine and record the building’s gross conditioned square footage on the building
characteristics form. Classify the primary use of the building. Ensure that the standard definition
of gross area is used.
2. Assemble copies of all utility bills and summarize them for at least a one-year period, preferably
three years. Review the monthly bills for opportunities to obtain a better price through taking
advantage of different utility rate classes. Review the monthly patterns for irregularities. Take
note if a bill is missing or if it is estimated rather than actual consumption.
3. Complete the energy performance summary to develop the energy index and the cost index for
each fuel, or demand type, and their combined total using ASHRAE Standard 105 methods.
4. Compare the EUI/EEI and the cost index with buildings having similar characteristics. The owner
of the subject building may have similar buildings for this comparison. Comparison should also
be made with publicly available energy indices of similar buildings. In all cases, care should be
taken to ensure that comparison is made with current data, using consistent definitions of
building usage and floor area.
5. Derive target energy, demand, and cost indices for a building with the same characteristics as
this building. A range of methods are available for this work:
• Pick from any database of similar buildings those buildings with the lowest energy index.
• Pick an index based on the knowledge of an energy analyst experienced with this type of
building.
6. Compare the energy and cost savings for each fuel type if the building were to reach the target
EUI/EEI. Using these value(s), determine if further engineering analysis is recommended.

5.3.2. Walk-Through Audit

Walk-through audit assess a building’s energy cost and efficiency by analyzing energy bills and
conducting a brief on-site survey of the building. This energy analysis will identify and provide a savings
and cost analysis of low-cost/no-cost measures. It also provides a listing of potential capital
improvements that merit further consideration, and an initial judgment of potential costs and savings.

This process includes all of the work done for the preliminary energy use analysis as well as the
following:
1. Perform a brief walk-through survey of the facility to become familiar with its construction,
equipment, operation, and maintenance.

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 2. Meet with owner/operator and occupants to learn of special problems or needs of the facility.
Determine if any maintenance problems and/or practices may affect efficiency.
3. Perform a space function analysis, guided by the forms in the “Walk-Through Data” section.
Determine if efficiency may be affected by functions that differ from the original functional
intent of the building.
4. Perform a rough estimate to determine the approximate breakdown of energy use for
significant end-use categories, including weather and non-weather-related uses.
5. Identify low-cost/no-cost changes to the facility or to operating and maintenance procedures,
and determine the savings that will result from these changes.
6. Identify potential capital improvements for further study, and provide an initial estimate of
potential costs and savings.

The report for a Level I analysis should contain the building characteristics and energy use summary as
well as follows:
1. Quantification of savings potential from changing to a different utility price structure.
2. Discussion of irregularities found in the monthly energy use patterns, with suggestions about
their possible causes.
3. The energy index of similar buildings. Report the source, size, and date of the sample used in
this comparison. The names of comparable buildings should be given if known.
4. The method used to develop the target indices. Where comparison is made to other buildings,
state their names. Where the experience of someone other than the author is used to develop
the target, provide the source. Where the target is developed by calculation, show the
calculation or quote the name and version of software used and include both input and output
data.
5. Total energy and demand cost by fuel type for the latest year and preceding two years if
available. Show potential savings in dollars using the energy index format of ASHRAE Standard
105 (Refer below)
6. The fraction of current costs that would be saved if the energy index were brought to the target
level.
7. A summary of any special problems or needs identified during the walkthrough survey, including
possible revisions to operating and maintenance procedures.
8. A preliminary energy use breakdown by major end uses.
9. The listing of low-cost/no-cost changes with the savings for these improvements.
10. The potential capital improvements, with an initial estimate of potential costs and savings

General Overview of ASHRAE Standard 105-2014

Standard Methods of Determining, Expressing and Comparing Building Energy Performance
and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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 This standard is intended to foster a commonality in determining and reporting the energy
performance of buildings to facilitate a comparison of design strategies and/or operation
improvements in buildings as well as the development of building energy performance
standards and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions associated with building operation. It
provides a consistent method of determining, expressing, and comparing the energy
performance of new and existing buildings and greenhouse gas emissions associated with the
design of new buildings and operation of existing buildings.

This standard covers:

a. New buildings and existing buildings or portions thereof,
b. the determination and expression of building energy use and the greenhouse gas emissions
associated with that energy use; and
c. techniques for the comparison of the energy performance and associated greenhouse gas
emissions between different buildings, alternative designs for the same new building, or
improvements in the operation of existing buildings
This standard does not:
a. Establish building energy or greenhouse gas emissions goals or limits,
b. present a method for certification of prediction methodology, such as computer program,
c. address embodied energy of building materials and systems, or
d. incorporate transportation energy or associated greenhouse gas emission for building
functions, including commuting, business travel and process transportation

Table 1: General Overview of ASHRAE Standard 105-2014 - Published standard

5.3.3. Energy Survey and Analysis

Energy Survey and Analysis includes a more detailed building survey and energy analysis. It provides a
breakdown of the energy use within the building. It identifies and provides the savings and cost analysis
of all practical measures that meet the owner’s constraints and economic criteria, along with a
discussion of any changes to operation and maintenance procedures. It may also provide a listing of
potential capital-intensive improvements that require more thorough data collection and engineering
analysis, and a judgment of potential costs and savings. This level of analysis will be sufficient for most
buildings and measures.

This analytical procedure is guided by Level I analysis and includes the following:
1. Review mechanical and electrical system design, installed condition, maintenance practices, and
operating methods. Where drawings have been kept up to date, this task will be much easier.
2. Review existing operating and maintenance problems. Determine planned building changes.
3. Measure key operating parameters and compare to design levels, for example, operating
schedules, heating/cooling water temperature, supply air temperature, space temperature and
humidity, ventilation quantities, and light level at the task. Such measurements may be taken on
a spot basis, or logged, manually or electronically.
4. Prepare a breakdown of the total annual energy use into end-use components
5. A number of calculation methods are available, ranging from simplified manual calculations to
fully detailed computer simulation of hour-by-hour building operations for a full year.
6. List all possible modifications to equipment and operations that would save energy. Select those
that might be considered practical by the owner. List preliminary cost and savings estimates.

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 7. Review the list of practical modifications with the owner/operator and select those that will be
analyzed further. Prioritize the modifications in the anticipated order of implementation.
8. For each practical measure, estimate the potential savings in energy cost and its energy index.
To account for interaction between modifications, assume that modifications with the highest
operational priority and/or best return on investment will be implemented first. A number of
calculation methods are available, ranging from simplified manual calculations to rerunning
computer simulations, if performed in Step 4, above.
7. Estimate the cost of each practical measure.
9. Estimate the impact of each practical measure on building operations, maintenance costs, and
non-energy operating costs.
10. Estimate the combined energy savings from implementing all of the practical measures and
compare to the potential derived in the Level I analysis. It should be clearly stated that savings
from each modification are based on the assumption that all previous modifications have
already been implemented and that the total savings account for all of the interactions between
modifications.
11. Prepare a financial evaluation of the estimated total potential investment using the owner’s
chosen techniques and criteria. These evaluations may be performed for each practical
measure.
12. Following submission of the report of the Level II analysis, meet with the owner to discuss
priorities and to help select measures for implementation or further analysis.

The report for a Level II analysis should contain at least the following.
1. A summary of energy use and cost associated with each end-use. Show calculations performed
or quote the name and versions of software used and include both input and output pages.
Provide interpretation of differences between actual total energy uses and calculated or
simulated end-use totals.
2. A description of the building, including typical floor plans and inventories of major energy-using
equipment. (This information may be included as an appendix.)
3. A list of measures considered but felt to be impractical, with brief reasons for rejecting each.
4. For each practical measure, provide
• a discussion of the existing situation and why it is using excess energy;
• an outline of the measure, including its impact on occupant health, comfort, and safety; a
description of any repairs that are required for a measure to be effective;
• the impact on occupant service capabilities, such as ventilation for late occupancy or year-
round cooling;
• an outline of the impact on operating procedures, maintenance procedures, and costs;
• expected life of new equipment, and the impact on the life of existing equipment;
• an outline of any new skills required in operating staff and training or hiring
recommendations;
• calculations performed or provide the name and versions of software used and include both
input and output data.
5. A table listing the estimated costs for all practical measures, the savings, and financial
performance indicator. For the cost of each measure, show the estimated accuracy of the value
quoted. This table should spell out the assumed sequence of implementation and state that
savings may be quite different if a different implementation sequence is followed.
6. A discussion of any differences between the savings projected in this analysis and the estimated
potential derived in the Level I analysis.

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 7. Overall project economic evaluation.
8. Recommended measurement and verification method(s) that will be required to determine the
actual effectiveness of the recommended measures.
9. Discussion of feasible capital-intensive measures that may require a Level III analysis.

5.3.4. Detailed Audit of Capital Intensive Modifications

This level of engineering analysis focuses on potential capital-intensive projects identified during the
Level II analysis and involves more detailed field data gathering as well as a more rigorous engineering
analysis. It provides detailed project cost and savings calculations with a high level of confidence
sufficient for major capital investment decisions.

This analytical procedure is guided by Levels I and II analyses and the Owner’s selection of measures for
greater definition. It must follow such Level I and II work.
1. Expand definition of all modifications requiring further analysis.
2. Review measurement methods, and perform additional testing and monitoring as required to
allow determination of feasibility.
3. Perform accurate modeling of proposed modifications. Ensure that modeling includes system
interaction.
4. Prepare a schematic layout of each of the modifications.
5. Estimate the cost and savings of each modification.
6. Meet with Owner to discuss/develop recommendations

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5.4. Comparative Overview Study: Policy and Regulation
For this comparative overview analysis, policies from several countries where reviewed which provides
an indication on the significant efforts these countries have made to date to promote and regulate
energy efficiency and conservation through which energy audit is required (Refer to Table 1 below). The
countries reviewed include Japan, Korea, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and
Vietnam.
The focus of this exercise is primarily to summarize on the policy or regulation managed and run by the
governments by those countries mentioned above. The major areas covered by most policies apply to:
• New buildings and existing buildings,
• Minimum energy consumption thresholds,
• Requirement to appoint or engage energy manager,
• Energy report submission period requirement, and
• All building sectors (commercial, industrial, multi-family residential and government etc.),

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Table 1: POLICY AND LAWS RELATED TO ENERGY AUDIT REQUIREMENT
Country Policy/Law Energy Consumption Requirement
Japan Energy Conservation Law (1979) Type 1 enterprise: 3,000 kL/y or more 1. Nomination of energy manager
Type 2 enterprise: 1,500 kL/y or more 2. Annual report submission
Building: floor area: 2,000m2 or more 3. Medium- and long-term plan submission
Korea Rational Energy Utilization Act Required user : 1,000 toe/y or more of 1. Nomination of energy manager
(1979) fuel, or 4,000,000 kWh/y of 2. Annual report submission
3. Medium-term plan submission
4. Acceptance of energy audit by Energy audit organization every 3 years
or more
5. Energy intensity management
China Energy Law (1998) Factory: 10,000 toc/y or more, and 1. Nomination of energy manager
Energy Conservation Law (2007) 5,000 - 10,000 toc/y specified by local 2. Annual report submission
government 3. Medium-term plan submission
India Energy Conservation Act 2001 Factory: 500 kW or more in equipment 1. Nomination of energy manager
capacity, or 600 kVA or more in 2. Annual report submission
contract demand power, in 15 sub- 3. Acceptance of energy audit by Energy auditor
sectors
Indonesia Act on Energy (2007) Factory: 6,000 toe/yr or more in fuel, 1. Nomination of energy manager
Decree on Energy Conservation heat, and electricity 2. Annual report submission
(2009) 3. Energy conservation program planning
4. Acceptance of energy audit by in-house Energy Auditor or Energy audit
organization periodically
Malaysia Efficient Management of Installations consuming 3 million kWh 1. Engagement of energy manager
Electrical Energy Regulations or more over a 6-month period 2. Analyze total consumption of electrical energy
(2008) 3. Advise on the development and implementation of measures to ensure
efficient management of electrical energy
4. Monitor the effectiveness of implemented measures
Thailand Energy Conservation Enterprise: 1,000 kW or more in 1. Nomination of energy manager (PRE)
Promotion Law (1992) contract demand power, or 1,175 kVA 2. Annual report submission
or more in equipment capacity 3. Acceptance of energy audit by Energy auditor, or conduct of energy
audit by energy manager
Note : PRE – Persons Responsible for Energy
Vietnam Law on Energy Saving and Industrial/Agricultural/Transport – 1. Nomination of energy manager
Efficiency (2011) 1,000 toe/yr or higher 2. Annual and 5-year report submission
Others- 500 toe/yr or higher 3. Annual and 5-year plan submission
4. Acceptance of energy audit by in-house Energy Auditor or Energy audit
organization every 3 years

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 Country Policy/Law Energy Consumption Requirement
Singapore Industry - Energy Conservation Industry : Industry:
Act (2012) Energy use threshold 54TJ of energy 1. Appoint an energy manager
used per calendar year) in at least 2 out 2. Monitor and report energy use and greenhouse gas emissions annually
Building: of the 3 preceding calendar years. 3. Submit energy efficiency improvement plans annually
1. Building Control
(Environmentally Applicable sectors or business activities: Building:
Sustainability) Regulations - manufacturing and manufacturing- 1. New Building - Submission of energy audit report by Registered Energy
2008 related services; Auditor upon notification that submission of energy audit report is
2. Building Control - supply of electricity, gas, steam, required any time after the issuance of Temporary Occupation Permit
(Environmentally compressed air and chilled water (TOP)
Sustainability Measures for for air-conditioning; and 2. Existing Building - Submission of energy audit report by Registered
Existing Buildings) - water supply and sewage and Energy Auditor upon notification that submission of energy audit report
Regulations) 2013 waste management is required by BCA not less than 36 months from the date of the Notice
of Approval of the as-built score.
Buildings:
Office, Hotel, Retail or combination–
With gross floor area of 15,000m2 or
more
Note :
Applicable for cooling system only for
new building/installation and those
after undergoing major retrofit)

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6. WAY FORWARD FOR BRUNEI DARUSSALAM

Energy management system is often confused with energy saving efforts that one adopts to save the
available energy, but energy management is a wider topic to deal with the process of controlling,
monitoring, and conserving energy in public or government sector, businesses, organizations and even
in residential buildings. Managing and reducing energy consumption not only saves money but also
helps in mitigating climate change and enhancing corporate reputation. The primary objective of energy
management is to achieve and maintain optimum energy procurement and utilisation, throughout the
organization which may help in minimizing energy costs and mitigating environmental effects.

Infact, energy management is widely acknowledged as the best solution for direct and immediate
reduction of energy consumption. Even though energy management concept especially energy audit is
not new in Brunei, more in-depth policy research work is required to develop the framework in term of
code or guideline taking into consideration the national circumstances. These will involve all relevant
stakeholders both from the government agencies, institutes of higher learning and private sector
including professional bodies and organization related both in the building and industrial sectors.

Therefore for Brunei to achieve its national target in the reduce total energy consumption of 63% by
2035 could become a reality, the formulation and establishment of a robust and effective energy
management system is necessary and should be considered at the earliest possible.

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7. REFERENCE

[1] Cindy Bittel, Commercial Energy Auditing, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vs3H-IPQCsE

[2] Energy Measurement and Benchmarking towards an Award Winning Building,
http://www.bdg.nus.edu.sg/ctbp/Energy%20audits.pdf.
[3] Energy management in Commercial Building - an Overview,
http://www.emtfsask.ca/pdfs/enmgtcom.pdf
[4] ASHRAE Procedure for Commercial Building Energy Audits
[5] Energy Management System - An Overview
[6] Energy Management and Audit,
http://www.beeindia.in/energy_managers_auditors/documents/guide_books/1Ch3.pdf
[7] Introduction to ISO 50002: How it fits into ISO 50001,
http://iet.jrc.ec.europa.eu/energyefficiency/sites/energyefficiency/files/files/documents/events/i
so_50002_and_the_iso_50001_family_of_standards_-_iso.pdf
[8] BS EN16247, Energy Audit General Requirements,
http://shop.bsigroup.com/en/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030219029
[9] Standard Research & Technology, ASHRAE Standard 105 Methods,
https://www.ashrae.org/standards-research--technology/standards--guidelines/titles-purposes-
and-scopes
[10] ISO 50002 Audits boost ISO 50001, http://www.energymanagertoday.com/iso-50002-audits-
boost-iso-50001-0103707/
[11] ISO publishes internal standard 50002 for energy audits, http://www.ebmag.com/Codes-
Standards/iso-publishes-international-standard-50002-for-energy-audits
[12] Energy and Audits - The need for best practice, http://www.stnlive.info/articles/energy-surveys-
and-audits-%E2%80%93-the-need-for-best-practice.aspx#.VfDgSfQcY_M
[13] Typical Flowchart of Commercial Building Energy Audit Process,
https://www.google.com/search?q=typical+flow+chart+of+energy+audit+for+commercial+buildin
g&biw=1366&bih=614&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CCIQsARqFQoTCOnupJj_68cC
FYaQjgodykkDsw#imgrc=V69-vnf3t7DoVM%3A
[14] New Standard for Commercial building energy audits released,
http://www.thefifthestate.com.au/property/commercial/new-standard-for-commercial-building-
energy-audits-released/68407

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[15] AS/NZS 3598.1:2014, Australian / New Zealand Standard Energy Audit Part 1: Commercial
Building, http://shop.standards.co.nz/catalog/3598.1:2014%28AS|NZS%29/scope
[16] Energy Efficiency Regulation & Standards in Australia,
https://www.gbca.org.au/advocacy/federal/7-regulation-and-standards/
[17] Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPs), http://www.energyrating.gov.au/about/other-
programs/meps/
[18] National Australian Built Environment Rating System, NABERS,
http://www.nabers.gov.au/public/WebPages/Home.aspx
[19] Energy Efficiency Priorities in Singapore,
http://www.nus.edu.sg/dpr/energy/_files/SEER2013_slides/ELSPETHTHOMSON_the-role-of-
energy-efficiency-in-singapore.pdf
[20] Energy Conservation Policies of Japan,
http://www.meti.go.jp/english/policy/energy_environment/energy_efficiency/pdf/121003.pdf
[21] Urban Efficiency: A Global Survey of Building Energy Efficiency Policies in Cities, http://c40-
production-
images.s3.amazonaws.com/other_uploads/images/141_Urban_Efficiency._Full_Report._Downloa
ded_26_November_2014.original.pdf?1417028879
[22] APEC Building Codes, Regulations and Standards; Minimum, Mandatory and Green,
http://www3.cec.org/islandora-gb/islandora/object/islandora:1213/datastream/OBJ-EN/view

Review on Energy Audit Policy, Standards & Methodology Page 21