Efa 3

English
for Accounting 3
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English for Accounting 3
COMPILED AND ADAPTED FROM RELEVANT SOURCES FOR INTERNAL USE
OF STIE MULIA DARMA PRATAMA IN THE SUBJECT OF ENGLISH 3
BY
ACHMAD HUSYAIRI, S.PD., M.PD.
Table of Content

LESSON 1. READING AND VOCABULARY INTRODUCTION TO ICFE
LESSON 2. LANGUAGE FOCUS : DEGREE OF COMPARISON
LESSON 3. LISTENING AND SPEAKING MAKING COMPARISONS
LESSON 4. READING AND VOCABULARY FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT
LESSON 5. LANGUAGE FOCUS : RELATIVE PRONOUN
LESSON 6: LISTENING AND SPEAKING : DEFINING THINGS AND GIVING
INFORMATION
LESSON 7. WRITING ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
LESSON 8. READING AND VOCABULARY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
LESSON 9. LANGUAGE FOCUS : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES IF PRESENT/FUTURE
LESSON 10. LISTENING AND SPEAKING : TALKING ABOUT POSSIBILITIES, FUTURE,
OR IMAGINARY SITUATION
LESSON 11. READING AND VOCABULARY : COMPANY PERFORMANCE
LESSON 12. LANGUAGE FOCUS : MODALS
LESSON 13. SPEAKING : GIVING PRESENTATION
LESSON 14. ABSTRACT WRITING

LESSON 1. READING AND VOCABULARY
INTRODUCTION TO ICFE
LESSON 2. LANGUAGE FOCUS : DEGREE OF COMPARISON
COMPARISON - 1
COMPARISON - 2
COMPARISON - 3
COMPARISON - 4
LESSON 3. LISTENING AND SPEAKING
MAKING COMPARISONS
FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT
LESSON 5. LANGUAGE FOCUS : RELATIVE PRONOUN
LESSON 6: LISTENING AND SPEAKING : DEFINING THINGS AND GIVING
INFORMATION
LESSON 7. WRITING
ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
What is an Argumentative Essay?

Argument essays seek to state a position on an issue and give several reasons, supported by evidence,
for agreeing with that position.
Finding Ideas to Write About

Argument essay topics can be found everywhere. Check the headlines of a newspaper, or just listen in
to a conversation at your local Starbucks. Chances are, you will hear someone trying to persuade
another person to believe in their claim about:
• What caused this?
• How important is it?
• What should we do about it?
5 Types of Argument Claims

1. Fact: Is it true or not?
2. Definition: What does it really mean?
3. Value: How important is it?
4. Cause and Effect: What is the cause? What are the effects?
5. Policy: What should we do about it?
How to Write Your Thesis

Question/Answer format: To make your topic idea into a thesis you need to turn the topic idea into
a question first. Examples:
• Does divorce cause serious problems for the children? (fact)
• What is "domestic violence?" (definition)
• What are the causes of divorce? (cause)
• How important is it for couples to avoid divorce? (value)
• What can you do to make your marriage divorce-proof? (proposal)
Answer: Your question often can be the title of your paper, or it can be the last line of the
introduction. Your answer to this question is your thesis.
Example: The most important way to make your marriage divorce-proof is to make sure you have
carefully prepared for that commitment.
Refute Objections: You might want to put an introductory phrase in the first part of your thesis to
show that you are refuting other ideas about the answer.
Example: While some people think there is no way to divorce-proof your marriage, studies have shown
that there are fewer divorces when people carefully prepare for that commitment.
Roadmap: An additional way to make a strong thesis is to do a "Roadmap" which tells in just a few
words the three or more main points you will cover.
Example: While some people think there is no way to divorce-proof your marriage, studies have shown
that there are fewer divorces when people carefully prepare for that commitment by taking time to get
to know the other person before becoming engaged, spending time with one another's family and
friends, talking about hot-button issues like finances, and getting extensive premarital counseling.
Outlining Your Paper
Argument essays are fairly straightforward in their organization. In your paper, you will need to do the following
1. Interest the reader in the situation and make them think it is worth learning more about.
2. Explain the controversy or problem clearly.
3. Explain the sides of the debate.
4. Tell them your side.
5. Convince them that your side is the best one to take.
6. Refute any objections they may be thinking about as they read.
7. Urge the reader to adopt our point of view to do, think or believe something.
I. Introduction: Explain the subject, the controversy, and end with your thesis. Here are some tips:
• Use the title to present your point of view. Often the title can be a question.
• Think about your audience—what aspects of this issue would most interest or convince them?
• Check out the introduction and conclusion chart for creative ways to introduce your paper.
• Make sure you have a clear thesis which answers the question. The thesis should tell your position and is
usually the last sentence of your introduction.
III. Body: Explains the reasons your audience should agree with your thesis. Your body needs to also refute
objections or other points of view.
1. Reasons and support
• Usually, you will have three or more reasons why the reader should accept your position. These will be your
topic sentences.
• Support each of these reasons with argument, examples, statistics, authorities or anecdotes
• To make your reasons seem plausible, connect them back to your position by using “if…then” reasoning
2. Anticipate opposing positions and objections
• What objections will your readers have? Answer them with argument or evidence.
• What other positions do people take on this subject? What is your reason for rejecting these positions?
Conclusion: Make a final point which tells the reader what to think or do.
• Why should the reader adopt your point of view?
• You might use the anticipating objections in the conclusio
ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
LESSON 9. LANGUAGE FOCUS : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
IF PRESENT/FUTURE
LESSON 10. LISTENING AND SPEAKING : TALKING ABOUT POSSIBILITIES, FUTURE,
OR IMAGINARY SITUATION

LESSON 11. READING AND VOCABULARY : COMPANY PERFORMANCE

LESSON 12. LANGUAGE FOCUS : MODALS

LESSON 13. SPEAKING : GIVING PRESENTATION

Presentation Tips
1. Introduce yourself and establish the topic(s) you are going to discuss. Before
you begin, people will want to know who you are and why they should listen to what you
have to say, while pinpointing exactly what you are going to discuss can help to establish
realistic expectations amongst the audience.
2. Provide an overview of the presentation. During this phase, you might want to
briefly explain the format of your presentation and some of the key points. You may even
wish to state some of your conclusions, which you can then expand upon throughout the
remainder of the speech.
3. Make sure you acknowledge when you are changing topics. If you are giving a
presentation that lasts more than a few minutes, it is inevitable that some people will tune
out at certain parts, because people have short attention spans. Marking a shift in topics is
a great way to ‘win back’ those who have tuned out.
4. Establish early that you will take questions at the end. Giving a presentation is
difficult enough, without constant interruptions. At the same time, people may have valid
questions about your presentation and the facts contained within it. State early on that you
will answer questions after you have finished.
5. Practice your presentation frequently. Even native speakers will practice giving an
important speech ahead of time. One tip is to give your speech in front of a mirror, so you
can practice making gestures at the right time. Try to get through your entire speech
without using too many filler words like ‘erm’ and ‘ahh’.
LESSON 14. ABSTRACT WRITING
What Is an Abstract?
An abstract is a greatly condensed version of a longer piece of writing that highlights the major
points covered, and concisely describes the content and scope of the writing.
Why Are Abstracts Used?

Abstracts give readers a chance to quickly see what the main contents and sometimes methods of a
piece of writing are. They enable readers to decide whether the work is of interest for them. Using
key words in an abstract is important because of today’s electronic information systems. A web
search will find an abstract containing certain key words.
What Is Usually Included in an Abstract?

A. a title identical to the title of the thesis
B. the name of the author
C. the date of the thesis
D. where the thesis is submitted or published
E. the main topic of the thesis
F. the purpose of the thesis
G. the methods used to research information
H. further sub-sections within the thesis
I. results, conclusions, or recommendations
A Simple Abstract Structure

A short abstract can be a single paragraph. Or you can divide your abstract into short
paragraphs:
A. First paragraph: state what the thesis is about, give a simple statement of aims and methods
B. Second paragraph: explain the structure of the thesis and say something about the content
C. Third paragraph: give a concluding statement, including a short summary of the results
REFERENCES
Pratten, J 2009, Absolute financial English, Delta Pulishing, Surrey, England.

Murphy, R & Altman, R 1998, Grammar in use : Reference and practice for intermediate students
of English, 11th edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Mitchell, HQ & Scott,J n.d., Pre-intermediate student's book : Channel your English, MM
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English

What is an Argumentative Essay?

Finding Ideas to Write About

5 Types of Argument Claims

How to Write Your Thesis

Why Are Abstracts Used?

What Is Usually Included in an Abstract?

A Simple Abstract Structure

Pratten, J 2009, Absolute financial English, Delta Pulishing, Surrey, England.

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