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Student Guide:
1- The notes, which are written by the team, are in Blue .
INTERMEDIATE MESODERM
Differentiates into: Medial
Lateral
Nephrogenic ridge (cord) Gonadal ridge
DEVELOPMENT OF KIDNEYS
Three systems of kidney develops:
1-Pronephric system
2-Mesonephric system
3-Metanephric system
Pronephric Mesonephric Metanephric
system: system: system:
• - appears at beginning of • - appears at end of 4th • - appears at 5th week in
4th week week pelvis
• in cervical region • in thoracic & abdominal • - starts to function at 9th
• - analogous to kidney of regions week
fish • - analogous to kidney of
• - formed of tubules & a amphibians
duct • - formed of tubules & a
• - not function in human duct
• - disappears • - function temporarily
• -The duct: In male: forms
genital duct
• - In both sexes: forms
ureteric bud
- The tubules disappear > ducts remain > its last part (ureteric bud)
opens in the anterior aspect of cloaca (which is the bladder later)
- In females it degenerates
Forms: 3
1 Cloaca
2 Ureter anlage
3 Metanephric blastema
2+3 Metanephros
4 Mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct)
5 Nephrogenic cord
4+5 Mesonephros
COLLECTINGPART:
COLLECTING PART
D
EXCRETORY PART
Each arched collecting tubule is surrounded by a cap of metanephric mass.
The tubule lengthens to form: Proximal & Distal convoluted tubules + Loop
of Henle
Excretory tubule Arched collecting tubule
THE NEPHRON
(FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF KIDNEY)
*The kidney attains its adult position. Receives its arterial supply from
abdominal aorta.
ANOMALIES
Horseshoe kidney:
Pelvic kidney: the poles of both kidneys Unilateral renal agenesis:
(usually the lower poles) due to absence of one
failure of ascent of one
fuse: the kidneys have a ureteric bud
kidney (ureter is short)
lower position than normal
but have normal function
c
- No bud > No kidney (unilateral)
- 1 ureter + 2 kidneys
- POLYCYSTIC KIDNEYS: separation between collecting and excretory parts (it leads to death)
- http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/embryo_main/ (animation)
Summary
Answers: c, b, a, d