Relevant theories

This includes the following relevant theories that can give support to the problem. According to Carl Roger
(2015) “Facilitative Learning”, this theory explains that learning well occur by the educator acting as a facilitator.
Second is Constructivism Learning theory of Piaget (1972) is a theory of knowledge that argues humans generate
knowledge and meaning from an interaction between their experiences and their ideas. Third is Experiential
Learning Theory by Dewey (1938) or commonly called Learning by Doing where knowledge is socially constructed
and based on experiences. Last the Justification of effort theory by Aronson and Mills, shows that if someone have
to work hard to achieve something, he/she will afterwards find it’s more attractive.
Carl Roger (2015) and others have developed the theory of facilitative learning. The basic premise of this theory is
that learning will occur by the educator acting as a facilitator that is by establishing an atmosphere in which
learners feel comfortable to consider new ideas are not threatened by external factors.
This study is related to facilitative theory in the sense that as an educator, whether the teacher are familiar with the
subjects or not, they will need to facilitate their learners. While teaching, learning takes place, learners will show all
their hidden talents without hesitation. As a facilitator, his goal is to inculcate in the minds of the students the
importance of learning as well as the outcome of doing. In this manner, when the facilitator achieves his goal
therefore his methodology is said to competitive and effective because he is able to do the right thing and doing
the things right.
Constructivism Learning theory of Piaget (1972) is a theory of knowledge that argues humans generate knowledge
and meaning from an interaction between their experiences and their ideas. Abdal-Haqq (1998) supported the idea
that Constructivism Theory gives teachers another perspective to rethink how students learn and focus on their
learning strengths. The more a student can learn through combination of all the modalities- visual metaphors and
analogies through the visual, auditory and kinesthetic, the better the learning will be.
In relation to this study, Constructivism Learning theory from the word construct, the students construct their own
ideas on their past experiences so constructivism its more on discovery learning in which the teacher will facilitate
the learning of his/her students. The teacher will let her/his students to sum up and generalize the learning
process.
Another relevant theory to the study is the Experiential Learning Theory by Dewey (1938) or commonly called
Learning by Doing where knowledge is socially constructed and based on experiences. Grady (2003) supports the
theory and gave emphasis on the teacher’s role to organize this content and to facilitate the actual experiences.
In relation to this study, Experiential Learning Theory provide first-hand experiences, the learners will not simply
learn by watching or reading they must actually do. We all know that MAPEH requires movement it is a process of
learning while experiencing.
According to Aronson and Mills as cited by Arellano and Dizon (2015) in the “Justification of effort theory” that
someone have to work hard to achieve something for he/she will afterwards find it more attractive. This effect
works because the thought of having wasted effort would show me to be stupid and consequently damage myself
teem. If others know about the effort, then the cost of bucking out is even higher.
In relation to this study, the teacher will be motivated if his/her work or performance has been recognized and they
will find if more attractive to work hard to achieve a good teaching performance in teaching ART subject.

Carl Roger. Theory of facilitative learning. http://educ.ed.gov/?id=:FD776473.

Retrieved March 22, 2015

Piaget, Jean. Cognitive development. https://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.htm

Retrieved 2015
 Dewey, John (1938). Experiential Learning Theory.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270338098_John_Dewey_and_Experiential_Learning_

Developing_the_theory_of_youth_work. Retrieved March 2012

Abdal-Haqq, Ismatt (1998). Constructivism Learning. Retrieved

https://www.ericdigests.org/1999-3/theory.html. Retrieved May 2012

Aronson and Mills as cited by (Arellano and Dizon). Justification of effort theory.

https://study.com/academ/lesson/effort-justification-aronson-mills-study-examples-

applications.html. Retrieved 2015