Title:

The Latest
Development In
Networks and
Communications

Candidate’s name:
Mohd Shah Farhan Bin
Mohd Affindee

Candidate’s class:
4 KRK

Candidate’s I/C Number:

990224-12-6557

Teacher’s name:
Jessica James Sikain

Candidate’s signature Teacher’s signature

................................... ...............................

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1.0 Introduction To Computer Networks and Communications

Computer network is a system of interconnected computers and peripheral devices. For example, it may
connect computers, printers, scanners and cameras. Using hardware and software, these interconnected
computing devices can communicate with each other through defined rules of data communications.

In a network, computers can exchange and share information and resources. A computer network may
operate on wired connections or wireless connections. When two or more networks are linked or connected
and are able to communicate with one another using suitable hardware and software, it is called an
internetwork.

Communications is about the transfer of information from a sender, across a distance, to a receiver.
Using electricity, radio waves or light, information and data in the form of codes are transmitted through a
physical medium such as wire, cable, or even the atmosphere.

Therefore, in order to make communications possible from computers, across telephones and radios and
back to computers and other digital devices again, there must be a signal translator, which we call – a modem.
The modem, which is short for modulator or demodulator, converts digital signals into analog and back again
into digital signals for information to move across the telephone line.

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2.0 Mobile Computing

2.1 Definition

In mobile computing, a set of distributed computing systems or service provider servers

participate, connect, and synchronise through mobile communication protocols. Mobile
computing as a generic term describing ability to use the technology to wirelessly connect to and
use centrally located information and/or application software through the application of small,
portable, and wireless computing and communication devices. Provides decentralized
(distributed) computations on diversified devices, systems, and networks, which are mobile,
synchronized, and interconnected via mobile communication standards and protocols. Mobile
device does not restrict itself to just one application, such as, voice communication. Offers
mobility with computing power .Facilitates a large number of applications on a single device.

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2.2 Specification, Services, and Frequencies of Mobile Computing

Samsung S6 edge

Specifications :  Available. Released 2015, April

 OS (operation system) Android OS, v5.0.2 (Lollipop), upgradable to v5.1.1
(Lollipop)
 Display resolution 1440 x 2560 pixels (577 pixel density)
 CPU Quad-core 1.5 GHz Cortex-A53 & Quad-core 2.1 GHz Cortex-A57
 Primary camera 16 MP, 2988 x 5312 pixels, optical image stabilization, auto-focus,
LED flash,check quality.
 Secondary 5 MP, 1440p@30fps, dual video call, Auto HDR.
 Video 2160p@30fps, 1080p@60fps, 720p@120fps, HDR, dual-video rec., check
quality.
 Wi-Fi 802.11, dual-band, Wi-Fi Direct, hot-spot.

Services :  Safari (Web browser)

 Mails (E-mails)
 iTunes (Music and movie downloading)
 Apps Store (Applications downloading)
 Maps and Compass
 Stocks (Checking stock market)
 Weather (Checking weather)
Frequencies :  HSDPA (850, 900, 1900 MHz).
 GSM (850, 900, 1800, 1900, 2100 MHz).
 LTE band 1(2100),2(1900),3(1800),4(1700/2100),5(850), 7(2600), 8(900), 12(700),
17(700), 18(800), 19(800), 20(800),26(850)MHz.
 HSPA 42.2/5.76 Mbps, LTE Cat6 300/50 Mbps.

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3.0 Internet Technology and Services

3.1 VoIP

Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) IP-Enabled Services. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), is a
technology that allows you to make voice calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular (or
analog) phone line. The term VoIP stands for voice over Internet Protocol. VoIP is related to the terms IP
telephony and Internet telephony, which you'll be hearing more and more about during the next several years.

3.2 BLOG

A blog is a lot like a journal except it is generally intended to be read by others. The topics for blogs vary
greatly; some being about day to day activities and others taking a more corporate or political slant. There is no
defined or widely accepted format and so blogs range from one liners that the author adds every few hours to
relatively long, well thought out arguments for or against a topic of interest.

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4.0 Types Of Network

4.1 PAN
A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer
devices (including telephones and personal digital assistants) close to one person. The devices may or may not
belong to the person in question. The reach of a PAN is typically a few meters. PANs can be used for
communication among the personal devices themselves (intra-personal communication), or for connecting to a
higher level network and the Internet.

4.2 VPN
Short for (Virtual Private Network), VPN is a type of network that allows a user to connect to a network
through a tunneling protocol and access internal internet and intranet web sites and e-mail. Virtual Private
Networks are commonly used to allow an employee with a large company to connect to the company’s
intranet.

4.3 WLAN
A Wireless Local Area Network, sometimes referred to as LAWN ( local area wireless
network ) is one in which a mobile user can connect to a local area network ( LAN) through a
wireless (radio) connection. The IEEE 802.11 group of standards specify the technologies for
wireless LANs. 802.11 standards use the Ethernetprotocol and CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple
access with collision avoidance) for path sharing and include an encryption method, the Wired
Equivalent Privacy algorithm. A personal area network.

4.4 WiMAX
WiMax is the industry term for a long-range wireless networking standard. WiMax technology has the
potential to deliver high-speed Internet access to rural areas and other locations not serviced by cable or DSL
technology. WiMax technology is based on the IEEE 802.16 WANcommunications standard. WiMax signals
can function over a distance of several miles / kilometers. Data rates for WiMax can reach up to 75 megabits
per second (Mb/s). A number of wireless signaling options exist ranging anywhere from the 2 GHz range up to
66 GHz.
5.0 Conclusion

As conclusion, computer networks and communications have changed the face of computing, allowing
users and devices across the globe to interact with each other as if they were located in the same room.

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However, network applications can introduce security risks and workplace distractions to business IT systems.
Although computer networking isn't going anywhere, looking at its pros and cons could help you ensure that
your business's network isn't more of a hindrance than an asset.

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6.0 Reference

 http://smallbusiness.chron.com/disadvantages-advantages-computer-networking-internet-
connectivity-70011.html
 http://ictsekmen.blogspot.my/p/ict-form-4.html
 http://kisahbudakmalas.blogspot.my/2011/10/my-full-ict-assignment-s07.html
 http://www.slideshare.net/CikSyaqirahAJ/the-latest-development-in-networks-and-
communications
 http://www.slideshare.net/muhdairil1610/the-latest-development-in-network-and-
communication-23493661