Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Rationale
No matter where you live there are certain procedures that everyone must go
through when it comes to cleaning their house. This one in particular tends to be quite the
pain and is often left to the next day. Washing dishes has always been look at as being a
hassle but today in the 21st century our job is much easier than it was back in the day.
New technologies like dishwashers and grease fighting soaps can cut a 2-hour job down.
Washing dishes is actually pretty simple and not that hard if you do them right away. Dishes
only become a hassle when they left for a long time or you burn food inside of them. You
then have to scrub all your dishes and sometimes even use SOS pads for those stubborn
stuck on pieces. After rinsing all of the soap off you have to quickly dry the dishes and
A flowering plant that is widely cultivated as ornamentals for its very colorful petals.
It is used for decoration around homes, hotels, inns, and public places such as plazas and
main roads. Aside from ornamentation, this flower is being used by (some locals) as
Flowers, China rose, Shoe flower or less widely known as Rose mallow, are often noted
for their showy flowers. The flowers are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, and with five
or more petals. Gumamela flowers vary in shapes and colors such as yellow, orange, white,
purple, pink, red, and some are color combinations or mixed colors. Many species are
grown for their showy flowers or used as landscape shrubs, and are used to attract
butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds. These are native to warm-temperate, subtropical and
tropical regions throughout the world. About 300 species of Gumamela or Hibiscus plants
are found worldwide. Solutions made from flower extract are also used as a lotion for fever,
while an infusion of the leaves is used to relieved headaches. Seeds are used for stimulants
and for cramps. The red flower variety has been preferred in medicine. There have been
reports that the barks have been used as an agent to induce or hasten menstruation. It is
also very common to see Gumamela leaves applied to poultice swellings. Gumamela
flower are used as an expectorant in bronchitis, for general coughs, and as refrigerant
Nowadays, with the inflation of goods, money is a need. With this study,
researchers use Gumamela flower extract to make a less-cost dishwashing liquid. Making
liquids.
dishwashing liquid.
d. Cost
H02: There is no effect of the Gumamela dishwashing liquid in terms of the ability to remove
grease in kitchen utensils, ability to remove foul odor in kitchen utensils, ability to reduce
foul fumes in kitchen sink, ability to keep the skin moisturize and the costly than the
Today’s era, money is the constant necessity specially with the inflation of goods.
People will always find a way to lessen their daily expenses and that involves buying less-
cost products.
If this study proves successful, students and researcher alike will be able to
recreate their homemade dishwashing liquid to make use of the flower extract of
Gumamela.
The result of this study provides useful information to the following stakeholders:
dishwashing liquid.
Community. To give knowledge so that they can make their own homemade
dishwashing liquid.
substance and essential oils (optional). The ability of the product is only for removing stains
and grease in kitchen tools. The capability of the product will be tested by conducting a
survey and a test wherein its effectiveness will be compared with the commercial product.
because of their distinctive flowers. They are also called the flower of Jamaica. Which its
flower will be harvested and extracted. Refers to the flower used to conduct the expirement.
grease-cutting power for faster and more efficient removal of grease, fats and oils in dishes,
pots and other kitchen utensils. It comes in three varieties, namely: Citrus, Lemon, and
General Chemistry 1
ANGELO MAHINAY
DIVINE GRACE REMOROZA
JYLES MARIE R. MAHINAY
NOELLHA JEANETTE G. LIWAGON
XIAN KHALIL F. SAMEON
MAY 2019
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
f. Research Design
This study will use experimental research design. Using four (4) setups with three
(3) replicates for each setup and will be done in three trials. The four (4) setups includes
g. Study Area
The study will be done at P-3, Paulino Street, Poblacion, Naawan, Misiamis
Oriental. Liwagon’s Residence, with an open backyard, for conducting the experiments.
The materials that will be used are, 1.525L Gumamela flower extract, 220ml
distilled water, 320ml Potassium hydroxide, 220ml borax mixture, 168ml sunflower oil, 80ml
coconut oil, 80ml essential oils/fragrant. The equipment will be, basic tools for mixing the
lye, large crock pot, thermometer, scale, measuring cups, stick blender, potato masher
and/or flat whisk, cylindrical glass container a piece of cloth and mortar and pestle.
i. Data Gathering Procedure
Formulation of objective
Proposal Defense
Completion of Set-ups
Recording of Results
Analysis of Data
Conceptual development
order to make the required project possible. The choice consists with an experimental or social to
create a proposal.
For instance, this research was relative to the community’s need for a cost-effective to
When the problem was served, the researchers formulated objectives connected to the
problem. The objective for this research were experimental and observational. The objectives
showed a possible trait; experimental, where the researchers added another variable in a setup,
while the observational only analyzed the results from the prepared setups.
Most of the following materials and equipment were bought from stores in stock or
borrowed from an acquaintance. The required materials and equipment were acquired then the
Gumamela flower were used in the study and it was commonly found in approximate of
the researchers’ residence. The Gumamela plant were located in various places in the Poblacion,
Naawan Misamis Oriental, which has given the researchers easy picking from the ground. The
researchers will as many pieces of the Gumamela flower to fulfil the extract requirement of 500ml.
First, the researchers will collect the Gumamela flower. Second, they will compile it in an
accessible area. Third, the researchers will then proceed to pound the flower using the mortar
and pestle, then it will be put in a piece of cloth to be squeeze, for a thorough extraction of flower
The given liquids consisted of, 1.525L Gumamela flower extract, 220ml distilled water,
320ml Potassium hydroxide, 220ml borax mixture, 168ml sunflower oil, 80ml coconut oil, 80ml
essential oils/fragrant. The researchers will divide the given into four parts, all the while considering
the percentages required in the different mixtures. The measurement was done with the 100ml
syringe. Each setups’ three trials were each contain the volume of 200mL.
It was decided that the total of 600ml of Gumamela extract was used in the fourth setup’s
3 trials while the remaining 975ml Gmelina extract was used to the other three setups and it’s three
trials.
The setups will consist of; a cylindrical glass container habiting the Gumamela extract or
the different mixture concentration of Gumamela extract, and dirty dishes for experimentation.
When the setups were all set, the researchers will then wash the dirty dishes using the new
Gumamela dishwashing liquid to record the effectivity in removing the grease and foul odor in the
kitchen utensils, removing foul odor in kitchen sink and ability in keep the skin moisturize after the
experimentation. The results will be recorded with photos and succinct observations.
Literature Cited
https://studyhippo.com/essay-the-gumamela/
http://kahelito2013.blogspot.com/2013/10/kahel-dishwashing-liquid-from-orange.html
https://www.academia.edu/31169664/Research_II
http://www.jlponline.org/article.asp?issn=09742727;year=2014;volume=6;issue=2;spage=84;epag
e=90;aulast=Pandey
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11811157
2. Review of Related Literature
In the research of Janna Mae A. Colman, John Paolo S. Barrameda, and Renzett Garcia
on October 24, 2013 which was entitled Kahel Dishwashing Liquid from Orange Peelings The
researchers used orange peels, white vinegar, tea tree oil, and soap for this study. For the first
trial, they took the skin off of the oranges, heated the peels on 6 cups of water, and strained them
out afterwards. Next, they put the mixture in a bowl and added one-third cup of white vinegar and
a half teaspoon of tea tree oil. They left the mixture for 1 day. The results were unfavorable yet
the scent of orange was very noticeable – it can’t clean and has low viscosity – and so they went
on for a second trial. The researchers used and heated the mixture from their first trial and put in
half grated bar of soap. After a day, the mixture produces bubble when shaken and improved its
smell – but the scent of the soap used was dominant. The mixture was tested on a plate – which
had recently used prior to the test – and it did not clean. The third trial of experimentation yielded
the coveted result. The mixture is capable of cleaning when tested to clean a plate. Accurate
measurement was the problem of the first two trials while it is a contributing factor to the success
Germs are everywhere and people are indeed exposed to these harmful, microscopic
organisms everyday of their lives – especially during summer when temperatures reach record high
allowing sickness and heat-caused disease get in the way [Republic of the Philippines - Media
Relations Unit. (May 6, 2013)]. What is the most common way to get rid of bacteria? Everyone
According to soaphistory.net, soaps come in different types depending on how and where
one would use them. They also come in different forms such as solid, liquid, and powdered form.
Each type of soap comprises different chemicals that contribute to its over-all quality.
In the present time and age, soap is an essential part of building one’s health when it comes
to the aspect of personal hygiene. Soaps do it all. We use them to clean our whole body. But
according to goaskalice.columbia.edu, regular soaps don’t actually KILL germs – rather, they take
them off the skin, allowing these germs to be rinsed off by water.
Soap is not limited to be used as a body cleaner. It is also used to clean the dishes – it is
Consumerreports.org placed that dishwashing soaps come in many forms – tablets, gel,
and powder – but they often come in liquid form because they are less messy than a plain bar of
These soaps can clean but are full of chemicals that are toxic – most especially for children.
Because of the spread of dishwashing liquids that claim to be all-natural available in the market
Lemongrass may prevent the growth of some bacteria and yeast and it has antioxidant
properties. It contains substances that are used to alleviate muscle pain, reduce fever, and to
stimulate uterus and menstrual flow. Lemongrass is also known by Cymbopogon. it is a genus of
about && species of grasses. Lemongrass grows in dense clumps that can grow 6 feet in height
and 4 feet inwidth. It is native to warm and tropical regions, such as India, Southeast Asia, and
Oceania. It is used as a medicinal herb in India and it is common in Asian cuisine. In African and
South American countries, it is popularly used for making tea. Lemongrass is an herb that
belongs to the grass family of Poaceae. Lemongrass oil has a light and fresh lemony smell with
earthy undertones. It is stimulating, relaxing, soothing, and balancing the citral and limonene
content in lemongrass oil can kill or stifle the growth of bacteria and fungi. This will help you avoid
getting infections such as ringworm, athlete’s foot, or other types of fungus. studies in rats have
proved that lemongrass essential oil is an effective antifungal and antibacterial agent. Take
advantage of these lemongrass oil benefits by making your own body or foot scrub! Lemongrass
is unique because it has antimicrobial, antibacterial, and anti!fungal properties. Just like its distant
and alcohol in deparaffinization and hematoxylin and eosin staining by Pinki Pandey, Alok
Dixit, Aparna Tanwar, Anuradha Sharma, and Sanjeev Mittal on July 2014, 1.7% liquid DWS was
used as an alternative substitute for xylene and alcohol. Liquid DWS forms a part of the
household products which are used daily. Their concentration in these products is already well
monitored by the manufacturing companies. We used Vim liquid dish-washing soap (Hindustan
Unilever Limited) in our study. It is easily available, cheap, safe, nontoxic and eco-friendly.
Moreover, we are diluting only 25 ml of the liquid DWS in 1500 ml of distilled water. Thus, there
are skimpy chances of this product being toxic to the laboratory personnel. Harri's hematoxylin
was used for conventional staining method, whereas Mayer's hematoxylin was used to stain the
nuclear component in XAF staining method in our study. Mayer's hematoxylin was prepared by
completely dissolving aluminum potassium sulfate (alum) in di stilled water. Then adding
hematoxylin, sodium iodate and acetic acid to it and bring it to boil and cool. This solution is
A total of 100 surgically resected specimens from different tissues were obtained. The
study group included tissues such as epithelium, connective tissue, glands, bone, cartilage, and
muscle. The specimens were fixed in 4% neutral buffered formaldehyde and routinely processed
as per conventional method. For the pilot study, a total of 100 paraffin embedded tissue blocks
were included.
Pathogens and Competitive Microorganisms in Kitchen Sponges on April 2001, the effects of an
antibacterial dishwashing liquid on Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, Staphylococcus
aureus, and Bacillus cereus were investigated in a modified suspension test and in used sponges
with and without food residues under laboratory conditions. A limited study was conducted in
households to assess the efficacy of antibacterial dishwashing liquid as used by the consumer. In
the suspension tests, S aureus and B. cereus were shown to be susceptible to low concentrations
of antibacterial dishwashing liquid (0.5%), whereas E. coli and Salmonella Enteritidis maintained
their initial numbers for at least 24 h at 258C. At higher concentrations (2 to 4%), all test
organisms decreased to below the detection limit after 24 h. Over a 24-h period, the antibacterial
dishwashing liquid did not significantly reduce these organisms in used sponges in which food
residues were present. The antibacterial product did not reduce the competitive microorganisms
either. Similar results were found for sponges involved in daily household use. The results of this
study demonstrate that the antibacterial dishwashing liquid was effective in reducing pathogens in
the suspension test but not in the used sponges. This finding indicates that to determine the
Antibacterial dishwashing liquid, which for some brands is distinguished from a regular
inactivate bacteria. The efficacy of such products is usually tested under laboratory conditions
using suspension tests in which a generally accepted requirement for disinfectants is a log
reduction of $5 (a reduction of $99.999%) during 5 min of contact. Some of these products are
able to meet the test requirements, but there is little evidence with regard to whether and to what
extent the product can reduce cross-contamination under conditions of actual household use.
Because the outcome of suspension tests might be a poor predictor of efficacy under practical
conditions, especially with regard to bacteria attached to surfaces and in the presence of food
debris, a variety of test procedures have been designed to mimic these conditions. There are
many variants of the test whereby distribution of the disinfectant solution over a small defined test
surface (tile, microscopic slide, PVC, stainless steel disk) is followed by contamination with a
standardized inoculum and determination of the survivors after a given exposure time by a rinsing
technique.