Atu Manual Parco

JOB No.DOC. No.REV.
0-0800S-810-1230-001 3DATE 29-OCT- 1998 SHEET 1 OF

125 PREP’DT.TakedaCHK’DN.A.APP’DT. KimuraINDEXREV.DATEPAGEDESCRIPTIONPREP’DCHK’DAPP’D029-OCT-98AllFOR
REVIEWT. TakedaN.A.T. Kimura316-APR-99As markedISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION(REVIEWED WITH X-JY/PY-4279 AND UPDATED)T. TakedaN.A.T. Kimura
Project Specification
OPERATING MANUAL
FOR
Unit : 810
AMINE TREATING PROCESS UNIT
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Since the Amine Treating Process Unit consists of Amine Treating Section and Sour
water Stripping Section which are quite different processes from each other, this
operating manual is divided into two PARTs as below:
PART Ⅰ AMINE TREATING SECTION from page 3
PARTⅡ SOUR WATER STRIPPER SECTION from page 84
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OPERATING MANUAL OF AMINE TREATING UNIT JGC DOC. NO. S-810-1230-
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PART Ⅰ
AMINE TREATING SECTION
CONTENTS
PAGE
1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION.......................................................................................................
1.1. PLANT DUTY....................................................................................................................
1.2. DISCUSSION OF PROCESS..................................................................................................
1.3. DESIGN BASIS FOR FEED AND PRODUCTS...........................................................................
1.3.1. Feeds.............................................................................................................................
1.3.2. Products........................................................................................................................
1.3.3. Design Considerations...................................................................................................
1.4. MATERIAL BALANCE / B.L. CONDITIONS...........................................................................
1.4.1. Material balance............................................................................................................
1.4.2. B.L. conditions..............................................................................................................
1.5. UTILITY AND CHEMICALS REQUIREMENTS.........................................................................
1.5.1. Utility requirements.......................................................................................................
1.5.2. Chemical requirements..................................................................................................
2. OPERATING CONDITIONS AND CONTROLS.....................................................................
2.1. DISCUSSION OF PROCESS VARIABLES.................................................................................
2.1.1. Absorption.....................................................................................................................
2.1.2. Regeneration.................................................................................................................
2.2. PROCESS FLOW AND CONTROL.........................................................................................
2.2.1. Description of process flow...........................................................................................
2.2.2. Control Flow Plan.........................................................................................................
3. EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT...................................................................................................
3.1. SAFETY VALVES................................................................................................................
3.1.1. Summary of Safety Valves.............................................................................................
3.1.2. Summary of Flare Loads...............................................................................................
3.2. CAR SEALED VALVES........................................................................................................
3.3. REMOTE OPERATING VALVES.............................................................................................
3.4. INSTRUMENT ALARMS......................................................................................................
3.5. INSTRUMENT TRIP SETTINGS.............................................................................................
3.6. PROCEDURES FOR SETTING PROTECTIVE RELAYS..............................................................
4. PREPARING UNIT FOR PRE-COMMISSIONING.................................................................
4.1. PRE-COMMISSIONING........................................................................................................
4.2. COMMISSIONING OF UTILITIES..........................................................................................
4.3. PRESSURE TESTING..........................................................................................................
4.4. FLUSHING OUT.................................................................................................................
4.5. ACID CLEANING OF RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR LINES..................................................
4.6. INSPECTION AND RUN-IN OF PUMPS AND FANS.................................................................
4.7. LEAK TEST.......................................................................................................................
4.8. INSPECTION AND RUN-IN OF RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR..............................................
4.9. INSPECTION AND RUN-IN OF CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR.................................................
4.10. LOADING INTERNAL MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR ABSORBERS, VESSELS, PACKED COLUMNS.
4.11. DRYING OUT FIRED HEATER...........................................................................................
4.12. DRYING OUT REACTOR SECTION.....................................................................................
4.13. PREPARING REACTORS....................................................................................................
4.14. LOADING CATALYST.......................................................................................................
4.15. DEGREASING FOR AMINE CIRCULATING SYSTEM.............................................................
4.16. PURGING AND GAS BLANKETING.....................................................................................
4.17. PRE-COMMISSIONING CHECK LIST...................................................................................
5. COMMISSIONING...................................................................................................................
5.1. GENERAL OVERALL COMMISSIONING PLAN.......................................................................
5.2. DETAILED STEP-BY -STEP START-UP PROCEDURE................................................................
5.3. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS.....................................................................................................
5.3.1. Precaution for entering a contaminated or inert atmosphere...........................................
5.3.2. Draining Amine Solution...............................................................................................
6. NORMAL START-UP & SHUTDOWN....................................................................................
6.1. NORMAL START-UP AFTER PROLONGED SHUTDOWN..........................................................
6.2. NORMAL OPERATION PROCEDURE AFTER SHORT SHUTDOWN.............................................
6.3. NORMAL OPERATION........................................................................................................
6.3.1. Product quality monitoring............................................................................................
6.3.2. Operation Conditions Monitoring..................................................................................
6.4. ROUTINE OPERATION........................................................................................................
6.4.1. Trouble shooting............................................................................................................
6.4.2. Miscellaneous procedures..............................................................................................
6.4.3. Routine control tests to be performed by operators........................................................
6.5. GENERAL OVERALL SHUTDOWN PLAN..............................................................................
6.6. DETAILED STEP-BY -STEP SHUTDOWN PROCEDURE............................................................
6.7. BLANKING OFF.................................................................................................................
6.8. OPENING EQUIPMENT.......................................................................................................
6.9. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS.....................................................................................................
7. EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN....................................................................................................
7.1. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS..................................................................................................
7.2. FIRE.................................................................................................................................
7.3. POWER FAILURE...............................................................................................................
7.4. INSTRUMENT AIR FAILURE................................................................................................
7.5. LP STEAM FAILURE..........................................................................................................
7.6. WATER FAILURE...............................................................................................................
7.6.1. Cold Condensate failure................................................................................................
7.6.2. Cooling Water failure....................................................................................................
7.7. FEEDSTOCK FAILURE........................................................................................................
7.8. EQUIPMENT FAILURE........................................................................................................
8. MAJOR EQUIPMENT & ITS SERVICE..................................................................................
8.1. SUMMARY TABLES............................................................................................................
8.2. TOWER SUMMARY............................................................................................................
8.2.1. Fuel Gas Amine Absorber ( 810-V2 )............................................................................
8.2.2. Amine Regenerator ( 810-V5 ).......................................................................................
8.3. DRUM SUMMARY.............................................................................................................
8.3.1. Fuel Gas Amine Absorber Knockout Drum ( 810-V1 )..................................................
8.3.2. Rich Amine Flash Drum ( 810-V4 )..............................................................................
8.3.3. Amine Regenerator Receiver ( 810-V6 )........................................................................
8.3.4. Lean Amine Carbon Filter ( 810-V7 )............................................................................
8.3.5. Amine Sump Tank ( 810-V8 )........................................................................................
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8.3.6. Fuel Gas Amine Absorber Interface Pot ( 810-V9 ).......................................................

8.4. REACTOR SUMMARY.........................................................................................................
8.5. FIRED HEATER SUMMARY.................................................................................................
8.6. EXCHANGER SUMMARY....................................................................................................
8.6.1. Amine Regenerator Reboilers ( 810-E2A/B ).................................................................
8.6.2. Rich/Lean Amine Exchanger ( 810-E3 )........................................................................
8.6.3. Lean Amine Trim Cooler ( 810-E9 )..............................................................................
8.6.4. Amine Regenerator Condenser ( 810-EA1 )...................................................................
8.6.5. Lean Amine Cooler ( 810-EA2 )....................................................................................
8.7. PUMP SUMMARY..............................................................................................................
8.7.1. Rich Amine Flash Drum Slop Oil Pumps ( 810-P1A/B )...............................................
8.7.2. Rich Amine Pumps ( 810-P2A/B ).................................................................................
8.7.3. Lean Amine Pumps ( 810-P3A/B )................................................................................
8.7.4. Amine Sump Pumps ( 810-P5A/B )...............................................................................
8.7.5. Amine Transfer Pumps ( 810-P6A/B )...........................................................................
8.8. COMPRESSOR SUMMARY..................................................................................................
8.9. SPECIAL EQUIPMENT SUMMARY........................................................................................
8.10. LIST OF INSRUMENTS.....................................................................................................
8.11. SUMMARY OF ALL EQUIPMENT ’S DRIVERS.......................................................................
8.12. CONTROL VALVES...........................................................................................................
8.13. FIRED HEATERS..............................................................................................................
8.14. MISCELLANEOUS............................................................................................................
9. FLOW PLANS AND PLOT PLAN............................................................................................
9.1. PFD, MSD AND P&IDS...................................................................................................
9.2. DESIGN ENGINEERING, UTILITY AND SAFETY FLOW PLANS................................................
9.3. PLOT PLAN......................................................................................................................
9.4. SAFETY SHUTDOWN FUNCTION CHARTS............................................................................
10. SAFETY...................................................................................................................................
10.1. EMERGENCY FIRE PLAN..................................................................................................
10.2. FIRE FIGHTING AND PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT..................................................................
10.3. FIRE PROTECTION..........................................................................................................
10.4. MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT AND HOUSEKEEPING.......................................................
10.5. REPAIR WORK.................................................................................................................
10.6. THERMAL EXPANSION IN EXCHANGERS...........................................................................
10.7. WITHDRAWAL OF SAMPLES..............................................................................................
10.8. SAFE HANDLING OF VOLATILE AND TOXIC MATERIALS INCLUDING CATALYST....................
10.8.1. Respiratory Protection.................................................................................................
10.8.2. Breathing Apparatus ( B. A. )......................................................................................
10.8.3. Poisonous Material......................................................................................................
10.9. PREPARING FOR ENTERING PROCESS EQUIPMENT.............................................................
10.10. OPENING EQUIPMENT...................................................................................................
10.11. WORKING IN COLUMNS OR VESSELS..............................................................................
10.12. ENTERING TANKS, DRUMS OR OTHER VESSELS..............................................................
10.13. PROCEDURE FOR REMOVING SAFETY VALVES................................................................
10.14. WORK PERMIT PROCEDURE AND WORK PERMIT FORMATS.............................................
10.15. OPERATION NOTES RELATING TO HAZOP REVIEW.........................................................
10.16. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) OF ALL THE CHEMICALS, CATALYSTS................
11. MISCELLANEOUS.................................................................................................................
11.1. CONVERSION TABLES......................................................................................................
11.2. GENERAL PRE-START UP PROCEDURES............................................................................
11.3. OVERALL START-UP AND SHUTDOWN OUTLINES..............................................................
11.4. OFFSITE SYSTEMS...........................................................................................................
11.5. CATALYST AND CHEMICAL LOADING / UNLOADING...........................................................
11.6. CATALYST AND CHEMICALS REQUIREMENTS....................................................................
11.7. ANALYTICAL PLAN..........................................................................................................
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General Description
This manual covers the operation of the Amine Treating Process Unit of PARCO MID-
COUNTRY REFINERY PROJECT for PAK-ARAB REFINERY LIMITED (PARCO)
in Pakistan.
Plant duty
The Amine Treating Process Unit shall consist of an Amine Absorber Section to treat
fuel gas, an Amine Regeneration Section, and a Sour Water Stripper Section ( See Part
II - Sour Water Stripper Section )..
The Amine Treating Process Unit will be designed to remove H2S from off gases derived
from various process units in the Refinery. Treated gas from the Fuel Gas Amine
Absorber shall not exceed 100 mol ppm H2S.
The Amine Treating Process Unit will be designed to regenerate rich amine from
various process units, and to provide lean amine back to those units. Acid gas from the
regeneration section will be routed to the Sulfur Recovery Process Unit (hereinafter
called SRU).
Discussion of process
Amine solution of 20 wt % DEA (di-ethanol amine) employed for acid gas removal.
For simplicity, only the chemistry involved in H2S removal will be discussed. It should
be realized, however, that other acid gases ( such as CO2 ) will also undergo similar
reactions.
Hydrogen sulfide, H2S or HSH, is a weak acid and ionizes in water to form hydrogen
ions and sulfide ions:
H2S  H+ + HS-
Since it is a fairly weak acid, only a fraction
reversible of the H2S will ionize. Similar ionization
will occur for the other acidic compounds present, for example CO 2:
CO2 + H2O  H+ + HCO3-
Ethanol amines are weak bases and ionize in water to form amine ions and hydroxyl
reversible
ions:
(HOCH2CH2)2NH + H2O  (HOCH2CH2)2NH2+ + OH-
When H2S dissolves into the solution containing the amine ions, it will react to form a
weakly bonded salt of the acid and the base.
(HOCH2CH2)2NH2+ + HS-  (HOCH2CH2)2NH2SH
The disulfide ion is thus absorbed by the amine solution.
This salt formation reaction does not go to completion. As the arrows indicate, an
equilibrium level of hydrogen sulfide remains in the hydrocarbon stream. The overall
reaction can be summarized by the following equations:
(HOCH2CH2)2NH + H2S  (HOCH2CH2)2NH2SH
Operating variables are adjustable to favor the forward reaction of the equation above
in the absorption step of the process and, conversely, adjusted to favor the reverse
reaction in the amine regeneration step of the process. It is the reversibility of this
reaction that permits solvent regeneration and continuous removal of H2S by amine
treating.
Design basis for feed and products
Feeds
The Fuel Gas Amine Absorber ( 810-V2 ) in the Amine Treating Process Unit shall be
designed to process off gases from the following:
Absorber at the Gas Concentration Process Unit
Additional gas streams, if any, to be determined during the process design
Stripper Off Gas from a future Distillate Hydrotreating Process Unit.
The Amine Treating Process Unit shall be designed to provide lean amine to, and to
regenerate rich amine from, the following:
Amine Absorber at the LPG Merox Process Unit
Recycle Gas Scrubber at the DieselMax Process Unit
Fuel Gas Amine Absorber at the Amine Treating Process Unit
Products
Off gas from the Fuel Gas Amine Absorber ( 810-V2 ) shall be sent to the refinery fuel
gas system. The design H2S level in the treated fuel gas shall not exceed 100 mol ppm.
Acid gases from the Amine regenerator shall be routed to the Sulfur Recovery Process
Unit ( SRU ).
Design Considerations
1. Rich amine will be loaded to no more than 0.33 mol H2S/mol DEA. Lean amine
will be regenerated to 0.03 mol H2S/mol DEA.
2. The Fuel Gas Amine Absorber ( 810-V2 ) will be designed to produce a treated gas
having no more than 100 mol ppm H2S.
3. wt% DEA will be used in the Amine Treating Process Unit.
4. An acid gas flare will be provided as a means to dispose of H2S rich gas when the
Sulfur Recovery Process Unit is shut down.
5. Mechanical and carbon filtration will be included on the lean amine stream leaving
the Amine Treating Process Unit.
6. An allowance for future Distillate hydrotreating Process Unit will be provided in
the design of the Fuel Gas Amine Absorber. This allowance will be 0.85 MMSCFD
and be of the same composition as the gas from the Gas Concentration Process
Unit.
Material balance / B.L. conditions
Material balance
Stream Number* 1 2 38 42
Stream Name Off gas from Future Use Rich Amine Rich Amine
( FEED ) GASCON from from DieselMax
L-MRX
DEA - - 1.531 276.761
NH3 - - - 0.045
H2S 24.98 6.3 0.505 91.372
H2 80.98 20.51 - 5.450
H2O 1.74 0.44 35.634 6455.59
CH4 148.76 37.68 - 0.400
C2H6 99.49 25.2 0.00004 0.433
C3H8 5.76 1.46 0.004 0.077
C4H10 0.76 0.19 0.003 0.033
C5H12 0.20 0.05 0.00002 0.008
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C6+ 0.01 0.00 - 0.004

C2H4 0.84 0.21 - -
C3H6 0.35 0.09 0.0002 -
C4H8 0.01 0.02 0.00005 -
C2H6S - - 0.0003 -
Mole Flow, Kmol/hr 363.80 92.16 37.68 6830.17

Weight Flow, kg/hr 6,773 1,715 821 148,569
Mole weight, kg/kg 18.62 18.61 21.78 21.75
mole
Liq Vol Flow, Std - - 0.81 144
m3/hr
Liq Density, kg/m3 - - 1,031 1,032
Vap Vol Flow, m3/hr 8,618 2,183 - 137
( Norm )
Vap Density, kg/m3 0.786 0.786 - 0.28
( Norm )
Stream Number* 12 99 97 111

Stream Name ( PRODUCT ) Treated Gas to Lean Amine Lean Amine Gas to
Fuel Gas to L-MRX to DieselMax SRU
System
DEA 0.0003 1.544 276.75 0.003
NH3 - 0.002 0.03 0.0007
H2S 0.012 0.033 5.73 117.07
H2 101.413 0.000 - 0.09
H2O 8.615 36.037 6458.57 10.66
CH4 186.275 - - 0.01
C2H6 124.572 - - 0.01
C3H8 7.215 - - 0.002
C4H10 0.948 - - 0.003
C5H12 0.250 - - 0.0006
C6+ 0.012 - - 0.0003
C2H4 1.047 - - 0.0003
C3H6 0.439 - - 0.0001
C4H8 0.012 - - 0.00002
C2H6S - - - 0.0003
Mole Flow, Kmol/hr 430.81 37.61 6,741.08 127.85

Weight Flow, kg/hr 7,535 813 145,665 4,183
Mole weight, kg/kg mole 17.49 21.6 21.6 32.7
Liq Vol Flow, Std m3/hr - 0.81 142.3 -
Liq Density, kg/m3 - 1,024 1,024 -
Vap Vol Flow, m3/hr ( Norm ) 10,206 - - 3,029
Vap Density, kg/m3 ( Norm ) 0.738 - - 1.381
* Refer to the Process Flow Diagram( Attachment 9.1) for details.

B.L. conditions
Fluid Origin / Destination Available Pressure Temperature

( kg/cm2G ) ( oC )
1) Incomings
Off Gas Gas Concentration Unit 9.51 42
Rich Amine LPG Merox Unit 9.16 38
DieselMax Unit 9.86 54
Sour Water SRU - 60
2) Outcomings
Lean Amine LPG Merox Unit - 61
DieselMax Unit 13.73 61
Sour Gas SRU 1.05 61
Utility and chemicals requirements
Utility requirements
Refer to Attachment 1.1 ( Utility Summary, Doc. No. S-810-1223-501 )
Chemical requirements
Refer to Attachment 1.2 ( Catalyst and Chemical Summary, Doc. No. S-810-1223-502)
for details.
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Operating Conditions and Controls
Discussion of process variables
Absorption
The absorption of H2S into the amine solution is favored by:

1. Low temperature
2. Low acid gas loading
3. High amine concentration
4. High H2S partial pressure in the feed stream
5. Intimate contact
In general practice, items 4 and 5 are not operating variables, by itself, having been
fixed by the design criteria for the unit and choice of equipment in the absorber design.
Be aware, however, that low feed rates cause poorer tray efficiency and thus somewhat
poorer H2S removal than will be possible at or near design flow rates.
Low Temperature
The lower the temperature of the lean amine solution, the better the H2S removal. When
treating a hydrocarbon gas, however, the lean amine temperature is limited by the
temperature of the gas being treated. The lean amine temperature must be maintained 3
o
C higher than the temperature of the gas feed stream to avoid any possible
condensation of these hydrocarbon vapors. The lean amine is usually cooled to between
27-49 oC.
Acid Gas Loading

Good acid gas loading removal efficiency depends on good amine solution regeneration,
as will be discussed later. However, it also depends on restricting the H2S loading in the
rich amine to favor the forward direction of the reaction given below.
The H2S loading of the amine solution is controlled by adjustment of the amine
circulation rate. In most cases, unless special design considerations have been
employed, the rich amine acid gas loading ( H2S plus CO2 ) should not exceed 0.3 to 0.4
mols total acid gas per mol of amine present.
High Amine Concentration
The concentration of uncombined amine is favored by high amine solution, good
regeneration, and freedom from strong acids. Practical and economical considerations
confirmed by field experience have generally shown that the optimum amine
concentration is 20 wt% for DEA. This is based on the lowest heat requirement for the
desired H2S removal, the lowest chemical losses, and the fewest operational problems.
The available amine concentration in the lean amine is mainly affected by the efficiency
and control of amine regeneration. The lower the sulfide content of the lean amine, the
greater the available amine concentration for removal of H2S. In most cases, properly
regenerated lean amine will not contain more than 0.03 mol H2S per mol amine nor
more than 0.1 mol CO2 per mol amine.
Regeneration
The regeneration of the amine solution, actually the breakdown of the weakly bonded
amine-hydrosulfide salt, is favored by :
1. High Temperature
2. Low pressure
3. High stripping steam rate
4. Low amine concentration
5. Intimate contacting
These conditions are controlled in the amine stripping column, subject to the following
limitations. Item 5 is not an operating variable and is fixed during plant design.
High Temperature
The breakdown of the amine-hydrosulfide salt into H2S and amine, the reverse reaction
of the equation below, is promoted by higher temperatures.
However, the ethanol amines can be thermally decomposed at temperatures beginning at

about 125 oC and becoming excessive at 150 oC. MEA is thermally more stable than
DEA and can withstand somewhat higher temperatures. The decomposition temperature
need not be approached to provide adequate regeneration of ethanol amine solutions.
The stripper reboiler outlet temperature is generally less than 125 oC . This temperature
is subject to variation with column operating pressure, amine concentration, and acid
gas loadings.
It should be noted that amine solutions are mostly water. Therefore, temperature
changes with composition are small and it is the operating pressure of the stripper that
determines the temperature of operation.
Low Pressure
The stripping column is operated at the lowest overhead receiver pressure possible
consistent with downstream acid gas processing requirements. Generally, 0.35 to 1.0
kg/cm2G at the base of the stripper is sufficient pressure to feed the acid gas to the
SRU. As noted above, the lower the pressure, the lower the stripper temperature.
High Stripping Steam Rate

The liberation of the H2S from its amine salt by temperature is assisted by the
generation of steam in the stripper reboiler. The steam dilutes and carries away H2S
vapor as it is dissociated from the amine. The resulting decrease in H2S concentration in
the vapor allows for further amine-hydrosulfide dissociation. Normal stripper
operations require a heat input at the stripper reboiler of 120 to 140 kg of reboiler
steam pre cubic meter of amine solution circulated. This reboiler steam rate will result
in a reflux rate of approximately 3 to 5 LV-% of the circulating amine rate.
Low Amine Concentration

Higher amine concentrations favor the retention of acid gas in the solution. Thus, the
amine concentration is chosen to be high enough for efficient absorption but low enough
for efficient regeneration. Unless special considerations are provided for during design,
most unit will operate most efficiently at between 15 to 20 wt-% amine concentration.
In most units, more water is lost with the acid gas than is introduced with the absorber
feedstocks. Thus, a live steam injection point is usually provided directly into the
reboiler outlet line to enable the addition of water to avoid amine concentration
increases.
In some units, more water is brought into the unit than is lost with the acid gas. A slip
stream of reflux liquid can be drawn off the reflux pump and sent to the sour water
stripper to eliminate the excess water build-up that could otherwise cause excessive
dilution of the amine solution inventory.
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Process flow and control
Description of process flow
Sour fuel gas is fed to the Amine Treating Section from the Gas Concentration Unit. The
system is designed to handle an extra 25 vol% of its capacity for future use. The sour gas
enters the Fuel Gas Amine Absorber Knockout Drum ( 810-V1 ) where any liquid
hydrocarbon is separated from the gas stream. Liquid which accumulates in the drum is
periodically drained to the Acid Gas Flare Header. The gas stream is sent to the Fuel Gas
Amine Absorber ( 810-V2 ) where it is scrubbed with amine to remove H2S. The treated gas
flows through a back pressure control valve and is then sent to the refinery fuel gas system.
Lean DEA enters the top of the Absorber on flow control. Rich amine solution leaves the
bottom of the Absorber on level control and flows to the rich amine header system. Also at
the Fuel Gas Amine Absorber, an Interface Pot ( 810-V9) is provided for hydrocarbon
skimming and amine drainage to the Amine Sump Tank ( 810-V8 ).
The rich amine header system collects rich amine from the Fuel Gas Amine Absorber
located in the Amine Treating Unit, the Amine Absorber located in the LPG Merox Unit and
the Recycle Gas Scrubber located in the DieselMax Unit. The combined rich amine stream
flows to the Rich Amine Flash Drum ( 810-V4 ) where any hydrocarbon is separated from
the rich amine. Liquid hydrocarbon is separated into a reservoir in the Rich Amine Flash
Drum and can be periodically pumped to the Light Slop Oil Tank at the Tankage and
Blending System via the Slop Oil Pump ( 810-P1A/B ). Hydrocarbon vapor separated in the
Rich Amine Flash Drum, which contains H2S, is scrubbed with a small lean amine
slipstream in the stack portion of the Rich Amine Flash Drum. The treated off gas is sent to
the Acid Gas Relief Header.
Rich amine from the bottom of the Rich Amine Flash Drum is pumped via the Rich Amine
Pumps ( 810-P2A/B ) and heated in the Rich-Lean Amine Exchanger ( 810-E3 ). The
heated rich amine flows on level control to the Amine Regenerator ( 810-V5 ). The Amine
Regenerator strips nearly all of the H2S from the rich amine, thus regenerating it to lean
amine. Heat is supplied to the Amine Regenerator through the steam-heated Amine
Regenerator Reboilers ( 810-E2A/B ) by vaporizing a portion of the lean amine in the
bottom of the column. A small quantity of live stripping steam is injected into the reboiler
return lines to make water-balance the entire amine system.
Offgas from the top of the Amine Regenerator, containing H2S, some light hydrocarbons,
and water vapor is partially condensed by the Amine Regenerator Condenser ( 810-EA1 ).
The two-phase stream from the Condenser enters the Amine Regenerator Receiver ( 810-
V6 ), where the liquid water is separated from the remaining acid gas stream. The liquid
water from the Receiver is pumped as reflux to the top of the Amine Regenerator by the
Amine Regenerator Reflux Pumps ( 810-P3A/B ). The acid gas from the Receiver flows on
back-pressure control to the SRU.
Lean amine from the bottom of the Amine Regenerator flows to the shell side of the Rich-
Lean Amine Exchanger, giving up some heat to the rich amine stream. The cooled lean
amine is pumped by the Lean Amine Pumps ( 810-P3A/B ) to the Lean Amine Cooler ( 810-
EA2 ).
A slipstream of cooled lean amine passes through a series of three filters: Mechanical Filters
( 810-ME1A/B ) to remove solids down to 20 microns, Carbon Filter ( 810-V7 ) to remove
chemical impurities, and the Sock Filters ( 810-ME2A/B ) to catch carbon fines from the
Carbon Filter. The slipstream of filtered lean amine recombines with the larger stream of
cooled lean amine. The combined amine stream provides lean amine for the following
services. A small stream of lean amine is sent on flow control to the stack of the Rich Amine
Flash Drum to scrub the offgas from this drum. Another stream of lean amine is taken off for
use in the LPG Merox Unit and DieselMax Unit. The last stream of lean amine is sent to the
Fuel Gas Amine Absorber on flow control.
The Amine Treating Section also includes an Amine storage facility. Pure Amine ( 99 wt%
DEA ) will be periodically delivered in bulk amounts and pumped directly to the Make-up
Tank ( 810-TK1 ). The pure amine is diluted with cold condensate to the 20 wt% solution in
the Amine Storage Tank ( 810-TK2 ).
Control Flow Plan
Lean Amine supply to Absorbers (Figure 2.1)

Regenerated, or lean, amine solution is pumped by the Lean Amine Pumps through the
Lean Amine Cooler and the filtration system to the top of the H2S Absorber column on
flow control. A part of the total lean amine stream provides lean amine for the following
services.
A small stream of lean amine is sent on flow control to the stack of the Rich Amine
Flash Drum to scrub the off-gas from this drum. Another stream of lean amine is taken
off for use in the LPG Merox Unit and DieselMax Unit.
Rich Amine Return to Regenerator (Figure 2.2)

The amine, rich in H2S, and for that reason called rich amine, exits from the absorber
bottom, on level control and flows to the Rich Amine Flash Drum where entrained
hydrocarbons are removed, and then sent to the Amine Regenerator.
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Figure 2.1 LEAN AMINE SUPPLY TO ABSORBERS
FRC
Fuel Gas Amine Amine Regenerator

Absorber 810-V5
810-V1 F
R 1
C 3
1 4
Rich Amine
Flash Drum
Lean 810-V4
Amine
Trim PDIC
Cooler Lean Amine
810-E9 Cooler
2
0 810-EA2
2
3
Lean Amine
Carbon Filter
810-V7
Rich-Lean
Amine
F Exchanger
Lean Amine R 810-E3
Sock Filter
810-ME2A/B
Rich
Lean Amine Lean Amine Lean Amine Amine
to to LPG Mechanical Filter
DieselMax Merox Unit 810-ME1A/B
Lean Amine
Pump
810-P3A/B
Figure 2.2 RICH AMINE RETURN TO REGENERATOR
Amine
Fuel Gas Amine Regenerator
Absorber 810-V5
810-V1
1 Rich Amine from

LPG Merox Unit
Rich Amine from

DieselMax Unit
2
0
Gas to Acid Gas
P Flare Header
I
C
L
e
L a
I L nL
C I AI
C mC
Rich Amine i
Flash Drum n
810-V4 e
Lean Amine
A
to Lean Rich-Lean
u
Amine Pumps Amine
t
o Exchanger
S 810-E3
t
Slop Oil to Tankage o M
and Blending System p
( Light Oil Slop Tank ) Rich Amine
Slop Oil Pumps
Pumps 810-V2A/B
810-P1A/B
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Emergency Equipment
Safety valves
Summary of Safety Valves
Summary of the safety valves provided for this unit is shown below. Refer to “DATA
SHEET FOR SAFETY RELIEF VALVES” ( S-810-1374-301 ) .
Tag. No. Set Size and Service Location Governing Relief

kg/cm2g Type Case
810-PSV-001A/B 11.3 3K4 810-V2 Top mounted Blocked Outlet
810-PSV-002A/B 3.5 6Q8 810-V4 Top mounted Blow by
810-PSV-003 9.3 3/4*1 810-E3 Outlet Thermal
810-PSV-004A/B 6.0 3L4 810-V5 Top mounted Fire
810-PSV-005A/B 26.9 3/4*1 810-ME1 Inlet Fire
810-PSV-006A/B 26.9 3/4*1 810-ME2 Inlet Fire
810-PSV-007 26.5 1E2 810-V7 Top mounted Fire
810-PSV-013 10.0 4N6 810-V4 Inlet Blow by
810-PSV-014 18.3 3/4*1 810-E9 Inlet Thermal
810-PSV-016 6.0 1.1/2F2 810-ME4 Outlet Blow by
Summary of Flare Loads
Refer to “ Flare Load Summary”(S-810-1223-701).
Car sealed valves
Car Sealed Open or Car Sealed Close valves are listed below.
Position Line No. / Service Size Equipment / P&ID No.

Line No.
Open 810-¾”-FA-0301-A1A2P-ST ¾” 810-P7A/B D-810-1225-103
Open 810-PSV-103 inlet line 3” 100-6”-SSW-3403- D-810-1225-111
A1A2
Open 810-PSV-103 discharge line 2” 100-6”-SSW-3403- D-810-1225-111
A1A2
Open 810-6”-SSW-1101-A1A2 6” 100-6”-SSW-3403- D-810-1225-111
A1A2
Open 810-¾”-FA-1301-A1A2P-ST ¾” 810-V1 D-810-1225-113
Open 810-PSV-001A inlet line 4” 810-V2 D-810-1225-113
Open 810-PSV-001A discharge line 4” 810-V2 D-810-1225-113
Close 810-PSV-001B inlet line 4” 810-V2 D-810-1225-113
Open 810-PSV-001B discharge line 4” 810-V2 D-810-1225-113
Open 810-2”-FA-1304-A2A1P-ST 2” 810-V9 D-810-1225-113
Open 810-PSV-013 inlet line 6” 810-10”-AM-1101- D-810-1225-114
A1A2P
Open 810-PSV-013 discharge line 6” 810-10”-AM-1101- D-810-1225-114
A1A2P
Open 810-¾”-FA-1404-A1A2P-ST ¾” 810-SN-8 D-810-1225-114
Open 810-2”-FA-1402-A1A2P-ST 2” 810-V4 stack D-810-1225-114
Open 810-PSV-006A discharge line 1” 810-ME2A D-810-1225-115
Open 810-PSV-006B discharge line 1” 810-ME2B D-810-1225-115
Open 810-PSV-007 discharge line 2” 810-V7 D-810-1225-115
Open 810-PSV-005A discharge line 1” 810-ME1A D-810-1225-116
Open 810-PSV-005B discharge line 1” 810-ME1B D-810-1225-116
Open 810-2”-N2-1701-A1A1 2” 810-TK1 D-810-1225-117
Open 810-1”-N2-1701-A1A1 1” 810-TK1 D-810-1225-117
Open 810-2”-N2-1702-A1A1 2” 810-TK2 D-810-1225-117
Open 810-1”-N2-1702-A1A1 1” 810-TK2 D-810-1225-117
Open 810-4”-FA-1702-A1A2P-ST 4” 810-V8 D-810-1225-117
Close 810-3”-AM-1707-A1A1P 3” 810-V8 D-810-1225-117
Open 810-PSV-003 inlet line 1” 810-8”-AM-1803- D-810-1225-119
A1A2P-IH
Open 810-PSV-003 discharge line 1” 810-8”-AM-1803- D-810-1225-119
A1A2P-IH
Close 810-1”-SSW-2001-A1A2 1” 810-P4A/B D-810-1225-120
Open 810-¾”-FA-2002-A1A2P-ST ¾” 810-SN-10 D-810-1225-120
Remote operating valves
No remote operating valves are provided in this unit.

.
Instrument alarms
Instrument alarm type are listed below. Set values of each alarm are as shown below:
(1) Level alarm

Unit: %
Tag No. Service ALL AL AH AHH P&ID No.
LI-019 Absorber Knockout Drum Level 68.8 D-810-1225-113

LIC-007 Fuel Gas Amine Absorber Level 7 66.7 D-810-1225-113
LIC-010 Rich Amine Flash Drum Level 19.7 80.1 D-810-1225-114
LI-020 R. Amine Flash Drum Interface 9.8 89.9 D-810-1225-114
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LI-075 Amine Make-up Tank Level 18.8 92.5 D-810-1225-117

LI-023 Amine Storage Tank Level 9.3 95 D-810-1225-117
LI-025 Amine Sump Tank Level 14.9 85.1 D-810-1225-117
LI-033 Amine Regenerator Level 20 80 D-810-1225-119
LIC-041 A. Regenerator Receiver Level 22.5 84.3 D-810-1225-120
(2) Temperature Alarm

Unit: ℃
Tag No. Service ALL AL AH AHH P&ID No.
TI-013 Lean Amine Cooler Outlet 56 66 D-810-1225-116
TI-011 A. Regenerator Bottoms Outlet 137 D-810-1225-119
TI-028 Desuperheater Outlet 140 150 D-810-1225-119
(3) Flow Alarm

Unit: Nm3/h or m3/h
Tag No Service ALL AL AH AHH P&ID No.
FI-004 A. Absorber Ovhd ( Treated gas ) 4825 D-810-1225-113
FI-015 Mechanical Filters Inlet line 15 22 D-810-1225-116
FIC-031 Regenerator Reboiler-A Outlet 2.8 D-810-1225-119
FIC-032 Regenerator Reboiler-B Outlet 2.8 D-810-1225-119
(4O)Pressure Alarm
Unit: kg/cm2g
PIC-002 Treated Gas to SRU/ FG System 8.6 D-810-1225-113
(5) Differential Pressure Alarm

Unit: kg/cm2
PDI-079 Lean Amine Sock Filters DP 1.0 D-810-1225-115
PDI-080 Lean Amine Carbon Filter DP 1.0 D-810-1225-115
PDIC-014 PDV-014 DP 1.3 1.7 D-810-1225-116
PDI-081 Lean Amine Mech. Filters DP 1.0 D-810-1225-116
(6) Other Alarm

VSH-108 810-EA2 Vibration x D-810-1225-116
VSH-125 810-EA1 Vibration x D-810-1225-120
Tag No. Service P&ID No.

XA-918A/B/E/F 810-P1A/B Seal System Trouble D-810-1225-114
Instrument trip settings
Trip settings cause to plant shut down are listed below. Refer to “CAUSE AND
EFFECT CHART “ ( S-810-1371-401)on Attachment 9.12.
Procedures for setting protective relays
Access control to various manipulations on DCS for this project is shown below and
details of operating procedures is shown in the DCS vendor's operating manual :
Operator Supervisor Engineer

Controller SP x x x
Alarm SP x x
PID Tuning Constants x
OtherParameters (e.g. dir/rev)
Access control to various manipulations on ESD PLC for this project is shown below
and details of operating procedures is shown in the DCS vendor's
operating manual:
Operator Supervisor Engineer

Trip SP x
Other Parameters (e.g. Timer) x
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Preparing Unit for Pre-commissioning
The following section will discuss the various aspects associated with the
commissioning of the Amine Treating Process Unit. This section contains information
about the pre-commissioning and initial start-up of the unit. The pre-commissioning
procedures ensure that the unit is safe, operable, and constructed as specified by
thorough inspection and testing.
Pre-commissioning
As the construction of the unit nears completion, a large amount of work must begin in
order to prepare it for start-up. These pre-commissioning activities have three main
purposes:
 To ensure, by thorough inspection and testing, that the unit is safe, operable, and
constructed as specified;
 To operate equipment for by flushing, running in, etc. and
 To acquaint the operators with the unit.
The importance of these activities cannot be overemphasized. No matter how well a unit
is designed, if the equipment is not as specified, not properly brought on stream, or not
understood by operators, it will not perform as expected.
All of the following activities are required to properly pre-commission this unit.
However, an exact order of presentation need not be strictly obeyed. Depending on the
progress of construction, certain procedures may be required earlier or later that
suggested here. A through knowledge of the entire pre-commissioning operation will
allow the plant personnel to schedule activities in the most time-saving and labor
efficient way. These are the necessary pre-commissioning activities:
1. Vessel Inspection
2. Inspection of other Major Equipment
3. Piping and Instrument Check
4. Hydrostatic Testing
5. Line Flushing
6. Run-in of Pumps and Drivers
7. Servicing and Calibration of Instruments
8. Commissioning of Utilities
9. Availability Check of Chemicals, Catalysts, and Other Materials
10. Plant Pressure Test
11. Air Freeing
12. Commissioning of Additional Plant Services
Commissioning of Utilities
Utilities are placed in service during commissioning ( preparation for start-up ).

However, it should be verified that all utilities are in service or in readiness prior to
start-up. Lines should be flushed and leak tested. Steam lines should be warmed up
slowly to prevent damage from water hammer. All steam traps and control valves are to
be placed into service and tested. The following list of systems should be commissioned:
1. Plant water and treated water systems. These systems should already have been
commissioned prior to the line flushing procedure.
2. All electrical and light systems, including emergency power backups.
3. All plant and instrument air systems.
4. Nitrogen system.
5. Steam and condensate systems, excluding steam tracing for the moment.
6. Condensate systems, receiving condensate from steam traps of several steam
systems noted above, are ready for service. All steam traps should be checked
for operability.
7. All drains and effluent systems.
8. All fire fighting and other emergency equipment.
9. All storage tanks must be thoroughly flushed, leak tested, dried, and perhaps air-
freed if the tank is in hydrocarbon service. Those tanks that have been air-freed
should be left under slight positive nitrogen pressure. All lines to and from tankage
must be flushed, blown dry with nitrogen, and pressure tested.
The steam tracing, plant cooling water, and flare systems will be commissioned after
the plant pressure test has been completed.
Pressure Testing
No field hydrostatic pressure test of equipment is planned for the unit. Vessels are
assumed to have met hydrotesting requirements in the fabricator shops. Hydrostatic
tests are made on new or repaired equipment to prove the strength of materials and
welds. This test is normally performed by construction personnel and it should not be
confused with other less severe tests generally carried out before a start-up to check the
tightness of connections.
Flushing out
All piping must be thoroughly clean of debris and scale. This may be done after
hydrostatic testing, before the test water is drained. Care must be taken not to flush
debris into equipment.
Generally, liquid lines are flushed with water and thoroughly drained. Water flushed
lines which do not drain freely should be blown clear with air. Gas lines may be either
water flushed or air blown, but water should be blown from gas lines if water flushed.
Gas lines to compressors must be free of water.
The following items are suggested as guide for line flushing:
1. Where practical, clean water should be supplied to the vessels, and contiguous
lines should be flushed away from the vessel. Never flush into equipment.
2. No matter what the flushing medium - steam, air, or water - maximum volume and
velocity should be used for thorough cleaning.
3. Remove orifice plates before flushing.
4. Control valves and in-line instruments should be removed.
5. Instrument lines should be closed off or disconnected. The instrument air header
should be thoroughly blown with clean, dry air.
6. Relief valves should be blinded if they have been returned to service following
hydrostatic test.
7. Regulate the flushing medium at its source. As examples, water from a vessel
should be regulated at the vessel; and steam, at the valve in the supply to the
line being blown.
8. Where possible, flush downward or horizontally.
9. Always flush through a piece of equipment’s bypass to an open end before flushing
through the equipment.
10. Disconnect lines and exchangers and flush to the openings.
11. Flush through all vents and drains.
12. At pumps:
 Disconnect suction and discharge piping and flush lines. Do not introduce any
fluid into pump casing before cleaning the pump suction.
 Install temporary screens in pump suction strainers.
 Reconnect lines for circulating water.
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 See further discussion under “Run-in of Pumps and Drivers”.

1. Flush or blow:
 The main header, from source to end, then
 Each lateral header, from the main to end, and
 Each branch line, from the lateral header to end.
1. For steam systems, flush well through dirt leg drains and steam trap bypasses
before placing the traps in service.
2. Supply steam lines to ejectors should be disconnected while being cleaned.
3. Flush through open end lines. Do not restrict flow in principle.
4. After placing the steam traps in service, check whether the traps operate properly.
5. After flushing operation, check that all orifice plates are installed and positioned
correctly as per list.
6. When necessary vessels or drums are used as water reservoirs for flushing, check
vessels for water-filled design. Moreover, a water-filled system must not be drained
without adequate venting to avoid a vacuum condition and probable collapse of
equipment not designed for vacuum.
Upon completion of line flushing of any system, carefully check that all temporary
breaks are reconnected, control valves are replaced, and pumps alignments are normal.
Also, verify that all free water has been drained.
Acid Cleaning of Reciprocating Compressor lines
Not applicable to this unit.
Inspection and Run-in of Pumps and Fans
Proper installation and operation of pumps and drivers is essential for trouble-free
performance. The pumps and drivers should receive careful handling during initial run-
in. The initial run-in of pumps is generally done by circulating water through the new
equipment.
Temporary strainers are installed in the suction line of the pumps, conveniently located
for removal and cleaning. The screens should be positioned so that dirt particles will not
gravitate to inaccessible places when flow is stopped. During run-in of pumps, the
strainers may cause some restriction of flow. As debris collects in the strainers, flow to
the pumps will fall off. When this happens to a centrifugal pump, it will be necessary to
throttle the pump discharge by partially closing the discharge valve. This will prevent
the pump from cavitating, which can cause damage to the pump. However, also avoid
restricting the pump discharge to the extent that it causes internal slippage and
excessive heat generation.
In starting a turbine driven centrifugal pump, the rotation should be brought up to the
speed as rapidly as possible. Normal operating speeds are usually attained rapidly and
automatically with motor-driven pumps, assuming proper motor starting.
The development of discharge pressure is essential to flush and lubricate the wearing
rings. After initially starting the pump, close the discharge valve for a short time.
Subsequently, it is always advisable, where practical, to close the pump discharge valve
immediately prior to shutting down a centrifugal pump. However, discharge valves on
operating positive displacement pumps should never be closed. These pumps can over
pressure themselves and downstream lines and equipment. The following items are
suggested for checking prior to run-in:
1. The manufacturer’s operating instructions for any specific precautions that should
be observed.
2. Completion of overall installation.
3. Alignment of pump and driver for cold operation. No undue strain by the piping on
the pump or driver is allowable.
4. Cooling fluid piping and seal or gland oil piping:
 Conventionally packed pumps in hot service are generally furnished with
gland oil. Verify that this installation is correct and complete.
 For pumps with mechanical seals, verify that all of the components of the
flushing system ( such as strainers, separators, restriction orifices, and coolers
) have been correctly installed and are clean. Loss of flush or dirty flush may
cause the failure of seals.
1. Packing or seals are installed.
2. Bearings and shafts have been cleaned prior to final lubrication.
3. Pump and driver are lubricated according to lubrication instructions.
4. Rotation of electric motor drivers uncoupled from the pump. Run-in uncoupled for
a minimum of four hours, verifying good motor operation.
During run-in, many pumps are delivering a higher density liquid ( water ) than the
normal process fluid. But the pumps drivers are sized for the normal pumping fluid.
Consequently, there is potential for the overload of many electric motors. To avoid
overloading the motor of a centrifugal pump, the flow must be limited by throttling the
pump discharge valve. When doing so, if possible, check the amperage usage against
design.
The following procedure is suggested for pump run-in:
1. Rotate pump and driver by hand, verifying that they roll freely.
2. Check that run-in water circulation is lined up.
3. Open suction valves fully, venting air from piping and pumps, completely filling
with liquid.
4. Establish flow of cooling fluid, where required.
5. Check that lubrication is satisfactory.
6. Make sure that electric power is available from the switch gear to the starter of the
electric motor driver.
7. Barely open the discharge valve on the centrifugal pump.
8. Start the pump; if the pressure does not build immediately, stop and resolve the
problem.
9. When the discharge pressure has increased satisfactorily after starting, gradually
open the discharge valve to obtain the desired flow rate.
10. In the event of unusual noise, vibration, overheating, or other abnormal conditions,
shut the pump down immediately. Correct the cause before resuming use of
the pump. Continue to check for abnormal conditions as these may occur after
prolonged operation.
11. Check shaft sealing; mechanical seals should show no leakage. Conventionally
packed stuffing boxes must always be permitted to leak slightly to provide
some lubrication and to prevent overheating. Stuffing box gland nuts are
generally only finger tight. A leaking mechanical seal will show some leakage
on start-up. However, after the pump is started and stopped a few times, the
leakage may stop.
12. Operate the pump, directing flows through all suction and discharge piping
circuits.
13. Inspect and clean screens as required.
14. Recheck and realign if required, after any disturbance of piping, such as required
for suction screen inspection if pipe flanges have to be parted for screen
removal.
15. When shutting down, close the discharge valve first, maintaining discharge
pressure while the pump rolls to a stop. This will protect against the pump rolling
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backwards should the discharge check valve leaks, and gives the wearing rings a
quick flush.
After all lines available to a pump have had suitable flushing, the temporary screen may
be removed, but only after it has shown free of debris on two successive examinations.
The permanent strainers may then be installed where required.
Leak Test
The purpose of the leak test is to check the piping and equipment for tightness of
flanges, connections, and fittings. These tests should not be confused with the
hydrostatic tests made during construction. Generally plant air or nitrogen is used for
this test.
Prior to test, all the instruments which have been unmounted in the previous steps must
be remounted.
The temporary isolating blinds must be removed for a final pressure test, but the battery
limit blinds must remain in the closed position.
The tightness test must be conducted within certain blocks divided according to the
design pressure of each vessel.
 The recommended pressure for the tightness test is about 7.0 kg/cm2G ( available
pressure in air system ) or the normal operating pressure, whichever is
smaller.
 Leakage shall be checked with soap solution.
 All flanges shall be checked for leakage and re-tightened, if leakage is found.
 During the tightness test, the operating pressure shall be maintained as shown
above.
 A final leak/pressure test with process fluids at working pressure is made as part
of the plant start-up described in the next section.
The test pressure should be held for a minimum of one hour, while every flange and
joint in the system is closely examined for leaks. Stubborn flange leaks may often be
stopped by simply unbolting and rebolting the flanges. Screwed connections may
require Teflon tape.
Inspection and Run-in of Reciprocating Compressor
Inspection and Run-in of Centrifugal Compressor
Loading internal material required for absorbers, vessels, packed columns
Drying out Fired heater
Drying out Reactor section

Preparing Reactors
Loading Catalyst
Degreasing for Amine Circulating System
The presence of heavy hydrocarbon, such as grease or rust inhibition coatings on vessel
walls and internals, could cause serious amine emulsification problems if allowed to
remain. Also any rust present will quickly react with H2S on start-up to form particulate
iron sulfide.
Accordingly, all piping and equipment that will be in contact with the amine solution
must be thoroughly cleaned and degreased. The preferred cleaning solution is 2 wt%
solution of sodium carbonate ( Na2CO3, also called soda ash ). This degreasing and
cleaning solution is prepared in the Amine Storage Tank (810-TK2) and circulated
throughout the amine treating unit, employing the normal amine circulation flow path.
While circulating, the solution is mildly heated with the stripper reboiler to 60 oC to
aid in the grease removal.
Following thorough cleaning, the soda ash solution is drained and replaced by
condensate water and the circulation scheme repeated to rinse the equipment. A detailed
degreasing procedure follows.
Note:
This procedure presumes that the amine treating unit pre-commissioning activities are
complete, all utilities are available, and instrumentation has been checked out and is
ready for service. The gas blanketing system for Amine Storage Tank can be
commissioned at this time to have it ready when amine solution is prepared.
Preparation of Degreasing Solution

Prepare a 2 wt% solution of soda ash with steam condensate in the Amine Storage
Tank.
The volume of soda ash solution required will be approximately equal to the volume of
amine inventory in the bottom of the stripper, plus each absorber to a 50% gauge glass
level, plus 20 percent of the Amine Storage Tank volume, plus approximately 25% of
this total volume to allow for line volumes, vessel tray inventories and complete column
flooding, one at a time. This quantity of solution is easily prepared using the amine
make-up facilities and the amine storage tank. The amine storage tank can be used to
dissolve the soda ash in water as a concentrated solution. The soda ash should be
completely dissolved to avoid “lumping” of the solid which would cause pumping and
pump screen plugging problems.
The amine transfer pump is used to circulate the soda ash solution in the storage tank to
provide a homogeneous solution. Sample and analyze the solution to determine the soda
ash concentration. Add more water or soda ash as indicated by the sample result to
adjust the soda ash concentration to approximately 2 wt%.
Temporary Modifications to the Unit

1. Remove the filter elements from the amine filters. If activated charcoal has already
been loaded into the filter, isolate the filters with block valves and blinds to
avoid circulation of soda ash solution through them.
2. Connect plant air or nitrogen hoses fitted with temporary pressure regulators to the
overhead line of each absorber column. This will provide a pressure source
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with which to maintain adequate pressures in the column to circulate

degreasing solution back to the stripper. Determine the required absorber
operating pressures to assure circulation back to the Rich Amine Flash
Drum(810-V4). In case of high pressure absorbers with their respective high
pressure drop rich amine control valves, special provisions should be made to
allow for control of the absorber level at the lower-than-design pressure of
degreasing.
3. Make provisions to vent the regenerator pressure as it slowly increases during
circulation. If air is being used to pressure the absorbers, venting of excess
regenerator pressure to a commissioned flare header must be avoided.
Similarly, amine vessel relief valves must be isolated to prevent flare gas
leakage into the system which might form a combustion mixture.
4. Make a temporary hose connection between the lean amine circulation pump
discharge and the steam-out or other suitable connection the Amine Regenerator
Receiver (810-V6) to include this vessel in the degreasing procedure.
Inventory and Circulate
Prior to inventory of amine solution, cold and hot water circulation shall be conducted
with clean water to make pre-cleaning of the system.
1. Gauge the Amine Storage Tank and record the actual volume of the soda ash
solution available. Keep a record for future reference of the total volume of
soda ash solution ultimately required to establish stable circulation in the unit.
This measurement will also be helpful when the initial amine volume is
blended for start-up of the unit.
2. Using the Amine Transfer Pump, fill the Amine Regenerator Receiver with soda
ash solution via the temporary hose connection. Empty the receiver to the
Amine Regenerator using the reflux pump. Repeat this filling and emptying
three times. If time permits, with the regenerator off gas control valve blocked
in, fill the Amine Regenerator Condenser and overhead line with soda ash
solution once via the same temporary hose connection and empty with the
reflux pump.
CAUTION: Do not fill the overhead line if the overhead condenser tubes are
aluminum. Generally, the amine transfer pump capacity is small and this
initial inventorying will be time consuming.
3. Following the cleansing of the regenerator overhead system, route the incoming
soda ash solution from the transfer pump discharge into the suction of the lean
amine circulation pumps. This will back solution into the regenerator bottoms
by way of the lean/rich exchanger.
4. When a 50% level appears in the amine regenerator bottom level glass, start the
lean amine circulation pump, and begin to inventory working levels in each
absorber via the normal lean amine transfer line. This may have to be done
batchwise to prevent a loss of level in the regenerator bottom.
5. When working levels have been established in the absorbers and the regenerator,
pressure each absorbers and the regenerator, pressure each absorber to its
predetermined circulation pressure with the temporary hose and pressure
regulator connection on the overhead line.
6. Begin circulation to each absorber. Commission each absorber bottom level
controller when levels are established and return the soda ash solution back to
the regenerator.
7. Supplement the regenerator soda ash solution level as necessary with additional
solution to or from the lean amine storage tank to maintain a 50% working
level in the regenerator.
8. Line out the circulation rates at or near design amine circulation rates.
9. With the circulation flows stabilized, carefully commission the amine regenerator
reboiler and gradually increase the circulating soda ash temperature to 60 oC.
NOTE: The lean amine cooler should not be in service.
10. Maintain soda ash solution circulation for a minimum of four hours, preferably 24
hours, to assure that all surfaces are contacted by the soda ash solution.
Remember to route a slipstream through the empty filter housings.
11. After the soda ash solution has circulated four hours, flood each absorber with
soda ash solution until it is completely full to make sure that all internal
surfaces have been wetted and degreased. Make sure that no equipment is
over-pressured during this step. Also flood the amine storage tank when
appropriate.
12. Sample and analyze the soda ash solution during circulation to assure that the soda
ash is not totally consumed. If this is the case, additional soda ash should be
added to the circulating solution.
13. Slowly reduce the steam flow to the regenerator reboiler but continue the soda ash
circulation for a few additional hours to allow it to gradually cool to
approximately 38 oC .
14. Shut down the lean amine circulation pump and discontinue circulation. Pressure
the soda ash solution from each absorber to the amine regenerator. If the
regenerator foundation loading will permit, it too can be flooded with soda ash
solution for the most effective degreasing.
15. As soda ash solution is drained from pumps, lines, and vessels, the amine sump
will be filled with the used soda ash solution. The sump is pumped out via a
temporary hose to the refinery oily water sewer system.
16. Finally, drain all vessels, tanks, pumps, and lines of the dirty soda ash solution
making sure some residual pressure remains on all columns to avoid any chance of
a vacuum.
Water Rinse
1. Reestablish working levels in the regenerator and absorber(s) as before but this
time use cold condensate instead of soda ash solution. This may be done as
previously outlined for the soda ash solution or by multiple hose connections
to the treated water supply header, whichever is more convenient. Do not
forget to rinse the regenerator overhead system.
2. Proceed as outlined for the soda ash solution except that circulation of the water
for four hours can be done at ambient temperature unless climatic conditions
favor slight warming.
3. When rinsing is complete, drain the water to the sewer, again taking care to
maintain positive pressure on all equipment.
4. Reinstall the amine filter elements when washing and rinsing is complete.
5. Check and clean up pump screens one final time.
Purging and gas blanketing
Before admitting hydrocarbons into any process lines or vessels, safe refinery practice
requires that the unit be freed of air. The air may be displaced with water, steam, or
inert gas, such as nitrogen. The system must be purged to prevent formation of
explosive mixed gas prior to admitting flammable materials.
If steam is used, precautions should be taken to avoid the following potential problems
or hazards:
1. Collapse Due to Vacuum: Some of the vessels may not be designed for vacuum.
This equipment must not be allowed to stand blocked in with steam since the
condensation of the steam will develop a vacuum. Thus, the vessel must be
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vented during steaming and then immediately followed up with fuel gas or
nitrogen purge at the conclusion of the steam-out.
2. Flange and Gaskets Leaks: Thermal expansion and stress during warm-up of
equipment along with dirty flange faces can cause small leaks at flanges and
gasketed joints. These must be corrected at this time.
3. Water Hammering: Care must be taken to prevent “water hammering” when
steam purging the unit. Severe equipment damage can result from water
hammering.
The following steps briefly outline air freeing by steam purging:
4. Portions to be steam purged include all the columns, vessels, heat exchangers,
and lines.
5. Pumps, sight glasses, level gauges and instruments are not to be steamed-out.
This can be done by closing their inlet and outlet valves.
6. When the unit is divided into a number of sections for steam purging, it must
be so arranged that steam is injected from one end of the section and
blown out from the other end.
7. Open high point vents and low point drains on the vessels to be steam purged.
After opening all vents and drains, steam purge is conducted by opening
the valve at the steam outlet and blowing in steam from the steam out
connection. Care must be taken not to cause hammering when
introducing steam. It may be necessary to make up additional steam
connections to properly purge some piping which may be “dead-ended”.
8. Thoroughly purge all equipment and associated piping of air. The progress of
the steam purge can be followed by marking up the P&I diagram to
indicate the lines purged. Verify that sufficient drains are open to drain
the condensate which will collect in low spots in the unit.
9. When the steam purging is completed, start to close all the vents and drains.
To prevent the creation of negative pressure within the system, the
injection of a little steam must be continued until the subsequent filling of
fuel gas or nitrogen is started.
10. After steam purging all the sections of the unit, open all the block valves that
has been closed during the steam purging operation to enable the
subsequent fuel gas or nitrogen filling throughout the system.
11. Start to introduce fuel gas or nitrogen into all vessels and then cut back the
steam flow until it is stopped. Regulate the fuel gas or nitrogen flow and
the reduction of steam so that vacuum due to condensing steam is not
created in any vessel or that the refinery fuel gas system pressure is not
appreciably reduced. Introduce fuel gas or nitrogen into the system to
prevent vacuum. Maintain the pressure within the system at 0.5 ~ 1.0
kg/cm2G. When the system is under fuel gas pressure, check the O2
content. ( O2 content shall be less than 1.0 vol%. ). At every purging
step, the pressure of each equipment must be kept under its respective
design pressure.
12. Drain any residual condensate from the unit.
Pre-commissioning check list
This procedure describes in general terms the steps to be followed for placing the unit
on stream. The exact sequence of events depends on the flow scheme of the particular
unit. However, the following steps must be completed before charging feed gas to the
Unit.
1. All unnecessary blinds are removed,
2. All relief valves are tested and installed.
3. The flare header is purged and in service.
4. The sewers are in service.
5. The fuel gas is in service.
6. All instruments and control systems are ready for service.
7. All utilities are in service.
8. Control valves and bypasses are blocked in.
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Commissioning
General overall commissioning plan
With the unit degreased, rinsed, and under an oxygen-free gas positive pressure, the unit
is now ready for start-up. The amine solution can be prepared and inventoried into the
unit. The actual volume of amine solution required can be best ascertained from the
data obtained during the degreasing operations.
The initial start-up consists of the following sequential activites:
1. Preparation of amine solution.
2. Inventorying amine to Regenerator and Absorbers.
3. Introduction of feed to unit.
4. Establishing Amine circulation.
5. Commissioning of Regenerator Reboiler.
6. Commissioning of Amine filters.
7. Final Adjustments of Operating parameters.
Detailed step-by-step start-up procedure
Preparation of Amine Solution
Refer to the section 11.5.
Inventorying Amine to Regenerator and Absorbers.

1. Confirm that the acid flare system has been air freed and is in service. Also
confirm that any isolation blinds previously installed to isolate the unit from
the flare system have been removed.
2. Transfer the amine solution from the Amine Storage Tank ( 810-TK2 ) to the
Amine Regenerator ( 810-V5 ) with the Amine Transfer Pumps ( 810-
P6A/B ). As the amine level in the Regenerator increases, periodically start
the Lean Amine Pumps ( 810-P3A/B ) and transfer amine to the absorbers
until a visible working level is obtained in each absorber column.
3. With a working level ( ca. 50% ) in the absorber level glass, continue to inventory
fresh amine to an 85% level in the Regenerator bottom. This additional
volume of amine, and probably more, will be required when hydrocarbon flow
to the absorber causes an increase in amine inventory on the absorber trays.
4. Verify that the amine regenerator off-gas line steam jacketing is commissioned and
that all steam traps are passing condensate. These will require checking each and
every shift. Initially, expect to clean these steam traps frequently until all of the dirt
has been dislodged from the pipe jacket.
Introduction of Feed to Unit

1. Introduce the hydrocarbon feed to each absorber, slowly pressuring each absorber
to the design operating pressures.
2. Commission the pressure controller ( PIC-002 ) for the Fuel Gas Amine
Absorber(810-V2).
3. Refer to the Operating Manual of the LPG Merox Process Unit for the Amine
Absorber(802-V1) and that of the Dieselmax Process Unit for the Recycle Gas
Scrubber(284-V5).
Establishing Amine Circulation

1. Start the Lean Amine Pumps ( 810-P3A/B ) and send lean amine to each absorber.
Set the flow controller ( FIC-016 ) at mid scale and verify its operation for the
Fuel Gas Amine Absorber(810-V2).
2. Verify that each absorber bottom has a working level, unblock the level control
valve ( LV-007 ), and verify that the level control is operating correctly and
rich amine is being returned to the Rich Amine Flash Drum(810-V4).
3. When 810-V4 has a working level, commission the Rich Amine Pump(810-P2A/B)
and then put LIC-010 into auto.
4. Transfer amine solution from the Amine Storage Tank(810-TK2) to the Amine
Regenerator(810-V5) as required to maintain an adequate working level in the
Amine Regenerator bottom. This is the surge reservoir for the entire amine system
and must never be so low that the pump loses suction, or so high that the reboiler
return line is flooded.
Note: If the commission of the Dieselmax Unit is delayed and it is difficult to
maintain sufficient amine circulation to operate the pumps, some of the lean amine shall
be Bypassed to the Rich Amine Flash Drum(810-V4) by using a bypass line(810-6”-
AM-1503-A2A1P).
Commissioning of Regenerator Reboiler
1. With the amine circulation established, commission the steam flow to the Amine
Regenerator Reboiler ( 810-E2A/B ). Introduce the steam slowly so as to heat
up the reboiler yet avoid water hammer caused by rapid
condensation/expansion.
2. Commission the Lean Amine Cooler ( 810-EA2 ) and the Amine Regenerator
Condenser ( 810-EA1 ).
3. As the Amine Regenerator pressure rises, commission the amine regenerator acid
gas pressure control ( PIC-043 ) to send the acid gas to the acid gas flare. The
Amine Regenerator Receiver ( 810-V6 ) operating pressure will be set
between 0.35 and 0.7 kg/cm2G.
4. When condensed liquid begins accumulating in the Amine Regenerator Receiver,
prepare the Regenerator Reflux Pumps ( 810-P4A/B ) for operation. When a
working level is obtained, start the reflux pump and begin refluxing back to
the Regenerator. Commission the Amine Regenerator Receiver level control
( LIC-041 ), verify its operation, and place it on automatic control.
5. Continue increasing the heat input to the Amine Regenerator Reboiler by
increasing the steam rate until the design reflux rate is achieved. At this time,
verify that the proper temperatures have been achieved; typical temperatures are
often as follows:
Regenerator Feed 88-93 oC
Reboiler Vapor 110-121 oC
Regenerator Top 106-116 oC
Reflux 61 oC
Lean Amine 61 oC
Commissioning of Lean Amine Filters
1. Verify that the amine filter elements were installed in the filters.
2. Crack open the filter inlet and slowly fill with lean amine while venting any gas
present.
3. With the filters liquid full, fully open the inlet and outlet gate valves. Adjust the
differential pressure or flow controller to send the design amount of amine
solution through the filters. Do not exceed the manufacturer’s recommended
maximum pressure differential across this filters. Typically, this maximum
differential is 1.5 kg/cm2.
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4. Be prepared to clean the filters quite frequently during the first or two of week
operation.
Final Adjustments of Operating Parameters

1. With the amine treating unit in full operation, increase the amine flow rate to each
absorber to the design rate. This flow rate will probably be higher than
necessary but will somewhat offset the lower tray efficiencies expected when
absorber hydrocarbon feed rates are below design.
2. Anytime the amine circulation rate is adjusted, an adjustment of the steam rate to
the Regenerator Reboiler will be required to keep the heat input and
regeneration in the proper range. A useful key is to adjust the steam input to
keep the Regenerator reflux rate at a constant percentage of the total amine
circulation rate, consistent with good regeneration, of course. Typically, the
total steam requirement ( Regenerator reboiler plus live steam ) will be in the
range of 120 to 140 kg of steam per cubic meter of amine solution
circulated. ).
3. The recommended sampling and analytical testing should be begun immediately to
determine if further plant adjustments are required.
Special precautions
Precaution for entering a contaminated or inert atmosphere
Nitrogen is non-toxic. 79 mol-% of the air we breathe is nitrogen, 21 mol-% is oxygen.

However, in vessels or areas where there is a high concentration of nitrogen, there is
also a deficiency of oxygen for breathing. Breathing an atmosphere deficient in oxygen
(i.e., an inert atmosphere) will rapidly result in dizziness, unconsciousness, or death
depending on the length of exposure. Do not enter or even place your head into a vessel
which has a high concentration of nitrogen. Do not stand close to a valve where
nitrogen is being vented from equipment at a high rate which might temporarily cause a
deficiency in oxygen close to the valve.
Refinery personnel who do have to enter a contaminated or inert atmosphere should
follow all prescribed standard safety precautions and regulations which apply for the
refinery. OSHA regulations concerning the use of respirators (29 CFR Subpart 1,
Section 1910,134) should be read and thoroughly understood.
It is also important to emphasize that if a person has entered a vessel and become
unconscious, no individual should go in to help him without first putting on a fresh air
mask, confirming that the air supply is safe, donning a safety harness, and enlisting the
aid of a minimum of two other people to remain immediately outside of the vessel to
assist him. This may seem to be an obvious warning, but people do forget this in the
trauma of an emergency situation. Often the first thought is to save the person in
distress and people enter the vessel without proper protection only to succumb to the
same hazard without anyone else being present to save them.
Draining Amine Solution
During normal operation, hot amine solution above 60 ℃ must not be drained to the
closed amine recovery. If do so, the underground pipe might be broken due to thermal
expansion.
Normal Start-up & Shutdown
Normal start-up after prolonged shutdown
The procedure used for starting up the Amine Treating Section after any shutdown is
identical to the procedure used for initial start-up. Follow Section 5.2 ( Detailed step-
by-step procedure ) of this manual for restarting of the Amine Treating Section.
Normal operation procedure after short shutdown
It is assumed that the following conditions are maintained:

 Normal level of amine solution is kept for each absorber and the Amine
Regenerator
 A positive pressure is kept in each absorber by means of feed fluid or fuel gas or
nitrogen.
 All pumps have been stopped.
The unit can be commissioned, starting from Commissioning of Regenerator Reboiler
of the step by step procedures given in section 5.2.
Normal Operation
Product quality monitoring
The major concern in amine treated streams is the quantity of H2S in the treated product
and the effectiveness with which the absorber is removing H2S.
For this reason, regular analysis is normally made only for H2S. The recommended
methods for daily analysis of appropriate streams are listed below.
Stream Lab Method Analysis

Absorber feed UOP 9 H2S
UOP 212 H2S, RSH, COS
Treated product UOP 212 H2S, RSH, COS
It is also useful to have a feed composition analysis for reference if an upset occurs.
Therefore, a GLC analysis of each absorber feed is also required on a daily basis.
Operation Conditions Monitoring
In order to maintain good H2S removal, the amine concentration, H2S content, and
visual appearance of the lean amine must be continuously monitored. It is also
important to monitor the mole ratio of acid gas to amine, or acid gas loading, of the rich
amine solution from each absorber. When this mol ratio exceeds about 0.5 or 0.6, the
amine solution becomes increasingly corrosive toward carbon steel piping, particularly
at elevated temperatures. It is desirable to keep the mol ratio of acid gas to amine in the
rich amine below 0.4 by increasing the amine circulation rate to each absorber until this
ratio is attained.
The recommended analytical methods for simple monitoring of these streams are listed
below:
Stream Lab Method Analysis
Lean Amine UOP 824 or 825 Free Amine
UOP 827 Apparent H2S
Rich Amine UOP 827 Apparent H2S
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The apparent H2S content of the amine solution is generally reported in grains
( abbreviated gr ) of H2S per gallon of amine solution. This value is converted to the
mole ratio of H2S to amine by the following expressions:
( H2S, gr / gal ) x ( 5.3 x10-3 / DEA, wt% ) = mole ratio
Routine operation
Trouble shooting
There have been many papers published on the subject of analytical control of amine
solution. Sophisticated procedures have been published to analyze and overcome
chronic problems. It is beyond the scope of these operating instructions to reproduce
those papers, but their existence should be mentioned for those who seek additional
information. The following items are furnished as a guide for assistance when routine
analytical tests intended for monitoring plant performance seem confusing or
inconsistent.
Total Amine
The UOP test methods 824 and 825, referred to previously in the Operations
Monitoring discussion, mention “free amine”.
These methods merely titrate all basic compounds present in a sample with standardized
acid to the methyl red indicator endpoint and call them “free amine” by calculating them
as if they were all amine; this is quite suitable for routine control purposes, for example
the need for water make-up, but is chemically incorrect, except for fresh solutions.
Periodically, therefore, the lean amine should be checked for total amine by UOP
Method 828 and “free amine” by UOP 824 or 825 is an indication of the presence of
amine degradation products.
As an initial goal and until plant operation dictates otherwise, do not let the “total
amine” content to exceed the “free amine” content by more than 2 wt%.. This is
controlled by partial purging and partial replacement of the plant inventory with fresh
20 wt% DEA solution.
Thiosulfate
Oxygen entering the amine system in any manner quickly reacts with amine-
hydrosulfide to form amine-thiosulfate. Unlike amine-hydrosulfide, amine thiosulfate is
heat-stable under Regenerator conditions and will gradually increase in concentration
unless removed by purging.
Thiosulfate will react with iodine in the test to apparent H2S, UOP 827, and be included
as H2S in the calculation. Therefore, thiosulfate should be determined weekly by the
analytical test method UOP 818 to make certain that any high apparent H2S
concentration in the lean amine is not thiosulfate.
Thiosulfate concentration should be kept low and should not exceed 50 grains/gallon
when calculated as apparent H2S.
Apparent H2S
As just discussed, UOP Method 827 for apparent H2S does not discriminate between
true H2S and thiosulfate; both are included in the analysis. High values of apparent H2S
in the lean amine could be wrongly interpreted as poor Regenerator performance when,
in fact, thiosulfate or other compounds are at fault. For example, sodium sulfide,
present because of caustic contamination, is also titrated as apparent H2S. There is a
simple test that can quickly determine if inadequate Regenerator performance or other
compounds are the case of the high apparent H2S.
Determine the apparent H2S content in a portion of a lean amine sample using UOP
827. Add 100 ml of the same lean amine sample to a 500 ml flask, add 100 ml of
distilled water, drop in a few boiling stones, and boil the sample over a hot plate in a
laboratory fume hood until the volume of sample is reduce to 100 ml. Remove the 500
ml flask from the hot plate, add distilled water if necessary to reconstitute the original
sample volume, cool, and again determine the apparent H2S content of the resultant
sample by UOP 827. If the sample after boiling now indicates a much lower
concentration of apparent H2S, inadequate stripping in the plant Regenerator may be a
problem; increase the reboiler steam rate. If, however, the apparent H2S concentration
has not greatly diminished, the amine solution is probably contaminated with
thiosulfate, sodium sulfide, or some other material which titrates as apparent H2S.
additional laboratory work can pinpoint the problem.
Foaming
Foaming in the Regenerator or gas absorber and emulsification of amine and
hydrocarbon in the liquid/liquid absorber are sometimes problems. These problems can
be largely avoided by good quality control of the amine solution to keep amine and acid
gas concentrations in the proper range and by good filtration system maintenance so
that the amine solution is always clear and visibly free of particulate matter when a
grab sample is viewed in direct light. Good plant maintenance to quickly remove any
liquid hydrocarbon accumulation from knockout pots and absorber skim lines are
essential. If foaming or emulsification occurs despite these precautions, judicious use
of silicon antifoam agents will usually eliminate the problem.
The simple foam test can be of benefit when used routinely to monitor plant solutions
for foaming tendency, particularly taking note of any changes, and if used to
predetermine minimum antifoam injection rates, should a plant foaming problem
develop.
There are effective antifoam agents for injection into the amine solution to suppress
foaming. High boiling alcohols such as oleyl alcohol have been used as antifoam
agents. Current practice favors the use of the highly effective and easily handled
silicone antifoam agents, such as Dow Antifoam A.
Antifoam agents should not be injected unless foaming experience in the plant indicates
their need. When needed, only a few parts per million, usually less than 10 parts by
weight of the silicone compound per million parts by weight of plant amine solution,
will effectively suppress foaming.
In the case of gas treatment, the silicones cannot escape the unit; thus, continuous
addition is not required. Antifoam agents applied indiscriminately when plant operation
does not require them can actually promote foaming and lead to operating difficulties.
Miscellaneous procedures
Filter operation
To maintain the differential pressure across the entire filtering system( a series of
mechanical filter, carbon filter and sock filter) from exceeding or failing below 1.5
kg/cm2, PDV-014 is opened or closed. The filters are for slip-stream flow and pass
whatever flow is possible with a 1.5 kg/cm2 differential.
The design flow is 21 m3/h, but when the cartridges are clean, more flow will pass
through the filters.
When the flow through the filters drops to 19 m3/h,at a differential pressure of 1.5
kg/cm2, the filters should be changed over and cleaned.
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Antifoam injection
Antifoam agent should be injected if foaming experience in the plant indicates its need.
Continuous addition is not required.
Injection Points
 Rich amine line upstream of Rich-Lean Amine Exchanger(810-E3) for Amine
Regenerator(810-V5)
 Lean Amine line upstream of Lean Amine Trim Cooler(810-E9) for Fuel Gas
Amine Absorber(810-V2)
Skimming operation
To avoid foaming troubles it is important to remove liquid hydrocarbon accumulation in
Fuel Gas Amine Absorber(810-V2).
Monitor LG-T 003 periodically. And discharge liquid hydrocarbons to Fuel Gas
Absorber Interface Pot(810-V9)
Routine control tests to be performed by operators
Refer to section 11.7.
General overall shutdown plan
Normal shutdown consists of the following sequential activities:

1. Cutting off feed streams
2. Regeneration of amine solution
3. Recovery of the regenerated amine solution
4. Water circulation
Detailed step-by-step shutdown procedure
1. Throttle the feed flow rates to each absorber down to 50 % load. And also throttle
lean amine flow rates to each absorber down to 60% of design.
2. Commission lean amine bypass line to 810-V4 to maintain amine solution
circulation after shutting down each absorber..
3. Divert the acid gas discharge to acid gas flare.
4. Block in feed stream to each absorber. And maintain enough pressure in each
absorber to force rich amine to the Rich Amine Flash Drum( 810-V4).
5. Stop the lean amine supply to each absorber.
6. Maintaining at least one circulation.
7. Stop the steam input to the Amine Regenerator Reboilers(810-E2A/B).
8. Open the bypass of FV-039 to pump as much liquid as possible to the Amine
Regenerator(810-V5) and then shut down the Amine Regenerator Reflux
Pumps(810-P4A/B) . Shut down the Amine Regenerator Condenser( 810-
EA1) as well.
9. When circulating amine solution has cooled to 55 to 60 ℃, transfer lean amine to
Amine Storage Tank(810-TK2) by using amine pumpout line.
10. Shut-down the amine circulating loop( Rich Amine Pumps(810-P2A/B), Lean
Amine Pumps(810-P3A/B) and Lean Amine Cooler(810-EA-2)).
11. Drain out remaining amine in all equipment and piping
12. Conduct water circulation of overall amine circulating loop to wash out remaining
amine inside the system.
13. Steam out all vessels and drums for inspection.
Blanking off
Every line connecting to a nozzle on the vessel to be entered must be blinded off at the
vessel. This includes drains connecting to a closed sewer, utility connections and all
process lines. Install additional blinds at the battery limits as necessary for safety. The
location of each blind should be marked on a master piping and instrumentation
diagrams (P&IDs), each blind should be tagged with a number and a list of all blinds
and their locations should be maintained. One person should be given responsibility for
the all blinds in the unit to avoid errors.
Opening equipment
The area around the vessel manways should also be surveyed for possible sources of
dangerous gases which might enter the vessel while the person is inside. Examples
include acetylene cylinders for welding and process vent or drain connections in the
same or adjoining units. Any hazards found in the survey should be isolated or
removed.
Safe access must be provided both to the exterior and interior of the vessel to be
entered. The exterior access should be a solid, permanent ladder and platform or
scaffolding strong enough to support the people and equipment who will be involved in
the work to be performed.
Access to the interior should also be strong and solid. Scaffolding is preferred when the
vessel is large enough to permit it to be used. The scaffolding base should rest firmly
on the bottom of the vessel and be solidly anchored. If the scaffolding is tall, the
scaffolding should be supported in several places to prevent sway. The platform boards
should be sturdy and capable of supporting several people and equipment at the same
time and also be firmly fastened down. Rungs should be provided on the scaffolding
spaced at a comfortable distance for climbing on the structure.
If scaffolding will not fit in the vessel, a ladder can be used. A rigid ladder is always
preferred over a rope ladder and is essential to avoid fatigue during lengthy periods of
work inside a vessel. The bottom and top of the ladder should be solidly anchored. If
additional support is available, then the ladder should also be anchored at intermediate
locations. When possible, a solid support should pass through the ladder under a rung,
thereby providing support for the entire weight should the bottom support fail. Only
one person at a time should be allowed on the ladder.
When a rope ladder is used, the ropes should be thoroughly inspected prior to each new
job. All rungs should be tested for strength, whether they be made of metal or wood.
Each rope must be individually secured to an immovable support. If possible, a solid
support should pass through the ladder so that a rung can help support the weight and
the bottom of the ladder should be fastened to a support to prevent the ladder from
swinging. As with the rigid ladder, only one person should climb the ladder at a time.
Also refer to Section 10.12 “Entering tanks, drums or other vessels.
Special precautions
When draining out the amine solution from the Amine Regenerator, make sure that the
amine solution in it has already cooled down to 60 ℃. Then open the drain valve for
the closed amine recovery.
Otherwise, the underground pipe might be broken due to thermal expansion.
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Emergency Shutdown
General instructions
Emergency shutdown, capacity reduction, or modified operation of the Amine Treating

Section can result from any of the following causes:
 Loss of Utilities - loss of low pressure steam, cooling water, electrical power, or
instruments air.
 Equipment failure of some equipment items the plant require plant shutdown or
capacity reduction.
 Loss of Feed
 Fire and other Emergencies
 Loss of pump external flushing fluid
The extent to which the plant will have to be shut down depends on the specific
emergency. In any emergency, determine the extent of the emergency condition, and
decide how to cope with it. Then proceed with one of the following actions as warranted
by the emergency:
Handle the emergency as a localized condition without shutting down the rest of
the plant. For example, in the case of a faulty control valve. Block in and bypass
the malfunctioning item until repairs can be made.
OR
Shut down the unit using the normal shutdown procedure described in Section 6.2.
OR
Shut down the unit using the emergency procedures given below for a specific
emergency. In executing emergency shutdown steps, the normal shutdown
procedure detailed in Section 6.2 should be followed as closely as possible.
Fire
Consequence
If a fire occurs in the plant, that section of equipment in which the fire has occurred
must be isolated to confine fire and depressured to eliminate the source of combustible
material. Unless the fire is small and can be handled quickly the plant will shutdown.
Operating supervisor on duty will advise on shutdown, based on refinery procedures in
place.
Actions
Follow operation supervisor’s orders on shutdown and firefighting procedures.
If plant must be shutdown:
 Remove all heat input to the plant.
 Block in feeds and product streams.
 Isolate section or area where fire is occurring, to remove combustion source.
 Depressure various columns and vessels to flare.
 Shutdown remaining portions of plant as time and circumstances permit or require.
Power failure
When and electrical power failure occurs, the Amine Treating Section will be shut
down. The plant is designed to fail safe when loss of power occurs,. A true emergency
exists when an electrical power failure occurs.
Consequence
The plant will have to be shut down. Feed will be lost , reflux to columns will be lost,
and temperatures and pressures in columns will rise.
Actions
 Make sure all pumps are down (all electric driven).
 Block in manually steam inlet valves to the reboiler and block in outlet valves.
 Block in all feed and product streams in the plant.
 Block in all pumps.
 Follow the preceding action with an orderly shutdown using the normal shutdown
procedures described in Section 6.2.
Caution
Maintain a positive pressure in the regenerator as it cools by using nitrogen.
Instrument Air failure
A true emergency exists when instrument air is lost.
Consequence
When an instrument air failure occurs the plant will shutdown. The plant is designed to
fail safe when instruments air is lost.
Actions
 Block feed inlet valve at battery limits.
 Follow the preceding action with an orderly shutdown using the normal shutdown
procedure described in Section 6.2.
 Maintain a positive pressure on the plant as it cools by using nitrogen. Do not let
the regenerator go under a vacuum.
LP Steam failure
A true emergency exists when steam is lost

.
Consequence
If low pressure steam is lost, amine stripping steam and heating steam to the reboilers
will be lost. Therefore plant will be shut down.
Actions
Proceed with a normal shutdown when the emergency steps are complete.
Water failure
Cold Condensate failure
Condensate is used intermittently in this unit, therefore, there is no serious consequence

foreseen when it fails. However, a condensate failure when it is required will have an
effect on the amine dilution operation of the unit..
Cooling Water failure
When a cooling water failure occurs, the plant operation conditions must be adjusted.
Consequences
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Cooling for lean amine coolers will be lost resulting in a slight increase in lean amine
temperature to the absorber.
Pump cooling will be lost.
Actions
 Monitor the H2S content in the treated streams.
 Monitor the relevant pumps. If any pump has to be shut down, whole section will
be shut down.
Feedstock failure
Consequence
If feed is lost because of a power failure, the plant must be shut down as outlined under
Electrical Failure. If lost because of feedstock failure then a unit shut down could
happen.
Action
When loss of feed occurs, the following action should be taken:
 Maintain plant in ”hot standby mode” until feed is available.
 When feed is available, proceed with the plant start-up as discussed in Section 6.6.
 If feed is lost for a long time period, follow emergency steps with and orderly
shutdown using the normal shutdown procedure described in Section 6.2.
Equipment failure
Consequence
A major equipment failure will shut down the unit for repairs.
Action
Under this emergency condition, immediately initiate the following procedure:
 Proceed with a normal shutdown when the emergency steps are complete.
 Have maintenance blind the involved equipment following the normal blinding
procedure.
 Await instructions from operating supervisor.
Major Equipment & its Service
Summary tables
Refer to Attachment 8.1 ( Equipment List of Amine Treating Process Unit, Doc. No. S-
810-1224-101 ).
Tower summary
Fuel Gas Amine Absorber ( 810-V2 )
This absorber is usually a valve or sieve tray column. Lean amine solution enters via a
distributor near the top of the column, flows across each tray, and exits as rich amine
from the bottom amine reservoir on level control. Feed gas first passes through a
knockout drum furnished with a demister pad to remove entrained liquid mist, liquid, or
condensate prior to entering the absorber. The feed gas enters through an inlet
distributor located immediately below the bottom tray. H2S in the gas is removed as the
gas passes upward through the tray openings and bubbles through the amine solution on
each tray. The treated gas passes through a mist eliminator and exits from the absorber
top, on pressure control. A skimming nozzle is provided in the wall of the bottom amine
reservoir to permit removal of liquid hydrocarbon which might collect on the amine
surface.
Amine Regenerator ( 810-V5 )
This column is fitted with valve trays. Rich amine enters near the top side of the column
through an amine feed distributor located below the top tray, three trays down from the
top tray. The trays are the conventional type with the typical arrangement of weirs and
chordal downcomers.
The bottom tray is a liquid-tight accumulator tray with a center pipe for ascending
vapor and a draw-off well directing all descending liquid to the steam heated reboiler.
Heat input to the reboiler is controlled either by flow control of the steam condensate
removed from the tubeside of this exchanger. A 110-120 oC reboiler outlet temperature
is typical for a 20 wt% amine system at 0.7 kg/cm2G.
A metered live steam connection is provided into the reboiler outlet line. Steam is
injected at this point to compensate water lost with the acid gas from the overhead
system and thereby adjust the amine concentration.
Drum summary
Fuel Gas Amine Absorber Knockout Drum ( 810-V1 )
The Fuel Gas Knockout Drum is a vertical vessel ( made of KCS ) furnished with a
demister pad to separate entrained liquid mist, liquid hydrocarbon, or condensate from
the off-gas stream prior to entering the absorber. The feed gas enters through an inlet
distributor located less than a meter below the demister of the vessel. The feed gas
passes through the mist eliminator and exits from the vessel top to the absorber. The
accumulated hydrocarbon liquid is drained intermittently to the acid gas flare.
Rich Amine Flash Drum ( 810-V4 )
The Rich Amine Flash Drum is a horizontal settler vessel with a small disengaging
stack on the top. The combined rich amine stream from the upstream units flows to the
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Rich Amine Flash Drum where any liquid hydrocarbon is separated from the rich
amine.
An inlet distributor is provided to avoid excess inlet turbulence and promote an even
flow distribution through the vessel. It consists of a single pipe arranged vertically
through nearly the full width of the vessel diameter with one full length slot facing the
nearest vessel partition.
Liquid hydrocarbon is separated into a reservoir in the vessel and can be periodically
pumped to the Light Slop Oil Tank.
Hydrocarbon vapor separated in the Rich Amine Flash Drum, which contain H2S, is
scrubbed with a small lean amine slipstream in the stack portion. The stack is packed
with 25 mm diameter carbon Raschig rings for contact and the lean amine enters
through a distributor located at the top end of the stack.
Rich amine from the bottom of the Rich Amine flash Drum is pumped to the Amine
Regenerator for regeneration.
Amine Regenerator Receiver ( 810-V6 )
The Amine Regenerator Receiver is a vertical vessel that is made up of KCS. It is

provided to separate the partially condensed ( two-phase ) stream from the Amine
Regenerator condenser. The stream enters the vessel through a distributor located less
than a meter below the mesh blanket. The vessel is provided with a thick mesh blanket
to remove any entrained liquid from the acid gas stream. The liquid water from the
receiver is pumped as reflux to the top tray of the Amine Regenerator. The acid gas
flows on back-pressure control to the Sulfur Recovery Unit.
Lean Amine Carbon Filter ( 810-V7 )
The Lean Amine Carbon Filter is a vertical vessel ( made up of KCS ) filled with
granular carbon to a height of 2100 mm from bottom tangent line. The Carbon Filter is
provided to remove chemical impurities from the slipstream of cooled lean amine.
The regenerated lean amine solution enters the vessel through a 4” distributor at the top
end of the vessel and flows downwards through the carbon bed, removing the
impurities. The product stream goes out from the bottom of the vessel and sent to the
final filtration system.
The vessel is designed for both vacuum and liquid-full conditions.
Amine Sump Tank ( 810-V8 )
An underground sump tank is provided to be the end destination ( final storage ) of

lean/rich amine solutions discharged from the unit during normal operation, emergency
situations and unit shutdown. The vessel will be made mainly from KCS and to be
provided with 6 mm corrosion allowance. The indicated vessel and associated piping
will be below grade.
The vessel is provided with a dedicated pump for transferring amine solution to the
Rich Amine Flash Drum.
Fuel Gas Amine Absorber Interface Pot ( 810-V9 )
The Fuel Gas Amine Absorber Interface Pot is provided for hydrocarbon skimming and
amine drainage to the Amine Sump Tank.
The Interface Pot is a small vertical vessel made from KCS. The vessel is attached to
the bottom-side of the Fuel Gas Amine Absorber to remove liquid hydrocarbon
accumulating from the Absorber.
The vessel is supplied with stripping steam to vaporize the skimmed hydrocarbons from
the Amine Absorber. Hydrocarbon vapor is sent to the acid gas flare from the top of the
vessel and the rich amine solution drained to the Amine Sump Tank.
Reactor summary
Fired heater summary
Exchanger summary
Amine Regenerator Reboilers ( 810-E2A/B )
The Amine Regenerator Reboilers are tubular heat exchangers provided to supply heat
to the Amine Regenerator. LP steam goes through the tube side while the lean amine is
vaporized on the shell side.
The two horizontal reboilers arranged in parallel are of BJU type heat exchangers with
its shell and cover constructed with KCS and the tubes and other internals with
Stainless Steel ( SS ). Both the shell side and tube side of the exchangers will be
provided with insulation.
Rich/Lean Amine Exchanger ( 810-E3 )
The Rich/Lean Amine Exchanger is a horizontal, AES type tubular heat exchanger
which is provided for heat recovery purposes. The rich DEA solution from the Rich
Amine Flash Drum, before entering the Amine Regenerator, is heated as it passes
through the SS tube side of the exchanger while the lean DEA solution from the
Regenerator bottom is cooled down on the KCS shell side.
Lean Amine Trim Cooler ( 810-E9 )
The Lean Amine Trim Cooler is provided to give the necessary cooling to the lean amine
solution prior to entering the Amine Absorber. This horizontal exchanger will be of type
AES and will be constructed with KCS. Cooling water will be passed through the tube
side and the lean amine to the shell side.
Amine Regenerator Condenser ( 810-EA1 )
The Amine Regenerator Condenser is an air cooled exchanger used for cooling the
overhead vapor of the Amine Regenerator from 107 oC to 61 oC. This condenser will be
constructed with KCS with 5.0 mm corrosion allowance on the headers. Post-weld heat
treatment is required. Fans in the air bay shall be the standard type ( SP ) where blade
pitch can be adjusted manually when fan is stopped.
Lean Amine Cooler ( 810-EA2 )
The Lean Amine Cooler is an air cooled exchanger provided for cooling the lean amine
solution from the Amine Regenerator from 101 oC to 61 oC. This air fan cooler will be
constructed with KCS and to be post-weld heat treated. One half of fans in the air bay
shall be auto-variable ( AV ) type where the blade pitch is automatically adjusted to
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desired angle by manual adjustment of a remote control knob into a pneumatically

actuated relay system. Remaining fan(s) shall be the standard type ( SP ) where blade
pitch can be adjusted manually when fan is stopped.
Pump summary
Rich Amine Flash Drum Slop Oil Pumps ( 810-P1A/B )
The Rich Amine Flash Drum Slop Oil Pump is provided to periodically transfer the
accumulated slop oil from the Flash Drum to the light slop oil tank at the Tankage and
Blending System. The Slop Oil Pumps will be centrifugal type pumps and will be
constructed with S-5 class steel.
Rich Amine Pumps ( 810-P2A/B )
The Rich Amine Pump is provided to transfer the rich amine solution from the Rich
Amine Flash Drum to the Amine Regenerator via the Rich/Lean Amine Exchanger.
These rich amine pumps are of a centrifugal type and will be constructed with S-5 class
steel. Casing to be post-weld heat treated.
Lean Amine Pumps ( 810-P3A/B )
The Lean Amine Pump is provided to transfer the regenerated lean amine solution from
the Amine Regenerator via the Rich/Lean Amine Exchanger to the lean amine users
( absorbers ). These lean amine pumps are of a centrifugal type and will be constructed
with S-5 class steel. Casing to be post-weld heat treated.
Amine Sump Pumps ( 810-P5A/B )
The Amine Sump Pump is provided to transfer intermittently the accumulated amine
solution from the Amine Sump Tank to the Rich Amine Flash Drum. These pumps are
mounted on the tank and they are of a centrifugal type . These pumps are constructed
with steel.
Amine Transfer Pumps ( 810-P6A/B )
The Amine Transfer Pump is provided to transfer the fresh lean amine solution from the
Amine Storage Tank to the lean amine users ( absorbers ). These transfer pumps are of
a centrifugal type and will be constructed with S-5 class steel. Casing to be post-weld
heat treated.
Compressor summary
Special equipment summary
List of Insruments
Instruments provided for this unit are listed in “Instrument Schedule for Amine Treating
Process Unit, Document No.: S-810-1370-101”.
Summary of all equipment’s drivers
Refer to Attachment 8.1( Equipment List )
Control valves
The following table is a summary of failure action of CVs and Uvs.
Tag No. Service Failure P&ID No.

Action
810-FV-016 Lean Amine to F.G. Amine Absorber Fail Close D-810-1225-113

810-PV-002 Treated Fuel gas from Amine Absorber Fail Close D-810-1225-113
810-LV-007 Rich Amine from F. G. Amine Absorber Fail Close D-810-1225-113
810-PV-008 Rich Amine to Rich Amine Flash Drum Fail Open D-810-1225-114
810-FV-017 Lean Amine to Rich Amine Flash Drum Fail Close D-810-1225-114
810-PDV-014 Lean Amine Bypassing Filters Fail Open D-810-1225-116
810-PCV-026 F.G. Purge to Amine Sump Tank Vent line NA D-810-1225-117
810-LV-010 Rich Amine to Amine Regenerator Fail Close D-810-1225-119
810-FV-029/30 Steam Injection to Amine Regenerator Fail Close D-810-1225-119
810-FV-031/32 Condensate from A. Regenerator Reboilers Fail Close D-810-1225-119
810-TV-027 Boiler Feed Water to Desuperheater Fail Close D-810-1225-119
810-FV-039 Amine Regenerator Reflux Fail Open D-810-1225-120
810-PV-043A A. Regenerator Receiver gas to Sulfur Plant Fail Close D-810-1225-120
810-PV-043B Regenerator Receiver gas to Relief Header Fail Open D-810-1225-120
Fired heaters
Miscellaneous
Refer to the Attachment 8.1.
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Flow Plans and Plot Plan
PFD, MSD and P&IDs
Refer to the following attachments:

Attachment 9.1 Process Flow Diagram ( D-810-1223-101 )
Attachment 9.2 Material Selection Diagram ( D-810-1223-501)
Attachment 9.3 Piping and Instrument Diagram (D-810-1225-101,102,103,
D-810-1225-111,113 ~120, 130 ~ 134 )
Design Engineering, utility and safety flow plans
Refer to the following attachments:

Attachment 9.4 Piping and Instrument Diagram ( UFD )( D-801-1225-131 ~ 136 )
Attachment 9.5 Area Classification ( D-810-1380-001 )
Attachment 9.6 Fire Protection System Layout for Process Area
( D-926-1225-003 )
Attachment 9.7 Fire Extinguisher Layout for Process and Utility Area
( D-926-1225-
011 )
Attachment 9.8 Arrangement of Gas Detectors for Process Area
( D-926-1225-023 )
Attachment 9.9 Arrangement of Fire Alarm System Equipment for Whole Refinery
Area ( D-926-1225-021 )
Attachment 9.10 Layout for Whole Fire Protection System
( D-926-1225-002 )
Plot Plan
Refer to
Attachment 9.11 Plot Plan of KMX/LMX/Amine Units ( D-810-1225-001 )
Safety Shutdown function charts
Refer to
Attachment 9.12 Cause and Effect Chart ( S-810-1371-401 )
Safety
To prevent accidents it is of the utmost importance that all personnel be instructed

properly of the following subject;
The leaks and responsibilities of the operators
The methods to accomplish this in a safe manner.
The following safety regulation cover operations of particular concern to the personnel
responsible for the Amine Treating Process Unit. They are intended to supplement any
existing general refinery safety regulations which cover all units; reference should be
made to the latter for all points not mentioned below;. Mechanical craftsmen working
on his unit will be governed by their own departmental safety regulations, but the
operator should see that none of the following safety regulations are violated by
mechanical workers.
In addition to specifically defined rules and practices, the exercise of good judgment by
every person involved is essential to safe operation by every person involved is essential
to safe operation. An operator should be alert for any situation which might present a
personnel hazard. It should also be the responsibility of each person familiar with the
plant to warn other workers who enter the plant of possible hazards they could
encounter.
All personnel must know the location and use of safely shower, fire extinguisher, plant
fire alarm, and main isolation valves, fire hoses and hydrants, fire blankets, gas masks
and respirators, and other protective equipment such as hard hats, rubber gloves, etc.
Soda acid or foam type extinguisher must not be used on fire around electrical
equipment because the water solution will conduct electricity and may aggravate the
difficulty or result in the electrocution of personnel.
Carbon dioxide or dry powder extinguisher may be used safely on electrical fires. The
carbon tetrachloride extinguishers liberate poisonous fumes and should not be used in a
confined space, unless precautions are taken to avoid breathing the vapors.
Gas masks or breathing apparatus must be worn whenever toxic fumes are encountered.
Safety hats must be worn when outdoors.
Gloves and goggles or face shields should be worn where toxic or hot vapor or liquid is
encountered, and are recommended for use while samples are being withdrawn and
solutions made up.
Fire extinguishers must be recharged immediately after use. All steam and water hose
equipment must be put back in place after use. Access to such equipment must not be
obstructed.
Gas masks must have fresh cartridges installed after use.
Emergency fire plan
The fire protection system of the plant is designed to prevent fire occurrence, control
fire escalation, or extinguish fire within short period of time, assuming there will be no
outside fire fighting assistance, with only one major fire at a time.
Fire fighting and protective equipment
There are five water hydrants with monitors and live hose reels in the process area.
Suitable fire extinguisher must be readily available. The area around an extinguisher or
hydrant must be clear so that equipment is readily accessible in case of emergency.
For details, see the relevant drawing for the fire fighting system.
In case of fire in the process facility, there is a chance that vessels or drums will fall
down because of overheating of the supports. The fire fighting should be done from the
windward.
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In order to prevent the spread of fire, it is necessary to cool down near equipment using
the fire water system, special equipment for fire fighting and also fire fighting trucks.
If the process unit is in operation, it is necessary to shut down the unit.
DO NOT EVACUATE or VENT any hydrocarbon to atmosphere.

Refer to “ FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM LAYOUT FOR PROCESS AREA“, D-
926-1225-003 ( Attachment 9.6) for details.
Fire alarm system

Refer to “ARRANGEMENT OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEM EQUIPMENT FOR
WHOLE REFINERY AREA “, D-926-1225-021 ( Attachment 9.9).
Also, Refer to “FIRE EXTINGUISHER LAYOUT FOR PROCESS & UTILITY
AREA “, D-926-1225-011 ( Attachment 9.7 ).
Fixed Water Monitors

Provision for fixed water monitors shall be per “ LAYOUT FOR WHOLE FIRE
PROTECTION SYSTEM”, D-926-1225-002 ( Attachment 9.10 ).
Fixed water monitors have an effective nozzle range of at least 30 m and a discharge
capacity of 1900 liter per minutes. Monitors are arranged so that any equipment to be
protected may be covered by two fixed monitors with a radius of at least 30m. Monitors
are located approximately 15 m from the equipment being protected.
Fire Hydrants
The maximum distance between fire hydrants serving the process units shall be 50
meters or less as determined by the equipment served.
Live Hose Reel Stations

Heavy duty hose reels having 40 meters of 32 mm hard booster hose equipped with 38
mm couplings and contain straight stream/fog nozzle, shall be provided as means for
quick water application by one man.
Fire Protection
Refer to “LAYOUT FOR WHOLE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM”, D-926-1225-

002 ( Attachment 9.10) for details.
Structure steel, Pipe racks, Equipment Supports, main supports of heater are
fireproofed. ( Refer to S-000-13B0-001. )
The following are precautions to avoid fire:
1. Leaking flanges, glands, or broken gauge glasses can release any hydrocarbon gas
or liquid to the area, creating a fire hazard. All equipment should be tested for
leaks before start-up.
2. All systems are to be purged to give a non-explosive atmosphere.
3. Trash and rubbish are a fire and stumbling hazard. Pick it up, an operator should
be proud of a clean unit.
4. Overheating vessels by steam may cause damage to the internal assembly.
5. Spilled oil or chemicals around units or in trenches should be cleaned up at once.
6. Smoking in the process area can cause fires and explosions. Smoke only in
designated areas.
7. Welding or other work which can cause sparks in the process area can cause fires
and explosions. Make the area safe for such work and obtain the necessary permit
from the proper authorities before commencing work.
Maintenance of equipment and housekeeping
1. Operating equipment should be checked frequently for signs of leakage,

overheating, or corrosion, so that unsafe conditions may be corrected before
they result in serious consequences. Unusual conditions should be reported at
once.
2. Guard around moving shafts, coupling belts, etc., which have been removed for
repairs of the equipment must be replaced when repair work is completed.
3. Tools, pieces of pipe etc., should never be left lying on platforms or railings of
operation equipment where they can be knocked off and injure someone
below.
4. Access to ladders and fire escapes must be kept clear. Waste material and refuse
must be put in proper locations where they will not offer fire or stumbling
hazards.
5. Liquid spills must be cleaned up immediately. Blanket gas leaks with steam and
immediately report leaks for repair.
6. In the event that electrical equipment does not function properly, notify the
electrical department and stay clear of the equipment until the electrician
arrives.
7. Gas cylinders should be stored so that they cannot fall over. Guard caps must
remain in place over the valves of cylinders which are not in use.
8. Care should be taken when installing scaffolding to ensure that the wooden boards
do not contact hot equipment and that no part is allowed to impair free access
on operational equipment e.g. ladders, stairways, walkways or valves.
Scaffolding should be removed immediately on completion of the work in
hand.
9. Switch pumps regularly when spares are provided. This will assure start the spare
pump will be ready when needed.
Repair work
1. Mechanical work around and operating unit must be kept to a minimum, and the
minimum number of men should be used.
2. No mechanical work on the equipment is to be done without a properly authorized
work permit.
3. Safety hats must be worn by all personnel in all areas at all times.
4. No burning, welding, open fires, or other hot work shall be allowed in the area unless
authorized by a work permit. Catch basins, manholes, and other sewer
connections must be properly sealed off to prevent the leakage of gases which
may ignite upon contact with an open flame.
5. No personnel shall enter a vessel for any purpose whatsoever until it has been
adequately purged, blanked off, then tested to ensure freedom from noxious or
inflammable gases and an entry permit issued.
6. When flushing equipment with a fire hose, the fire hose must be equipped with a check
valve to prevent backflow into the fire main.
7. Lines operation at a low temperature might fracture if unduly stressed; therefore, do
not physically strike these lines and avoid operation conditions which would
cause a water hammer to start.
8. Do not use light distillates such as gasoline or naphtha to clean machinery or for any
other cleaning purposes.
9. Equipment should not be left open overnight. At the end of each day’s work blanks or
spades should be installed to prevent entry of flammable materials due to valve
let-by.
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10. Welding cylinders should be removed from site to a designate safe area at the end of
each working day.
Thermal expansion in exchangers
Because of serious accidents caused by thermal expansion of liquid trapped in

exchangers the following procedures is outlined in an effort to eliminate this hazard.
1. When the cooler side of an exchanger is to be bypassed while hot material is
passing through the other side, the drain or vent should be checked before
bypassing to see that it is not plugged.
2. When the exchanger is bypassed, the bleeder or vent should be arranged so that the
pressure can be dissipated to a suitable place.
3. Warning signs as follows should be installed on all exchangers where it is possible
to block in the cold side of an exchanger with hot liquid going through the other
side.
Withdrawal of samples
Samples shall be withdrawn from the unit only by authorized personnel.

Protective equipment, face masks or goggles, and suitable gloves must be worn for
sampling liquids or solids. A container must never be filled to the brim, in order to
minimize risk of subsequent spillage.
When sampling any product liquids, gloves and goggles will be worn.
When sampling any material, gas or liquid, the sampling line must be flushed long
enough to remove dormant materials to insure that the sample obtained represents the
current stream. Pass enough gas through the sample vessel to insure the displacement of
the purge gas and to adjust the temperature of the sampler to that the composition is not
distorted by condensation or flashing, etc.
When the sample composition is representative of the source material, undistorted by
flash vaporization. Certain classes of samples may require inert atmospheres , cooling
or special carrying devices. Wear approved personal safety equipment and exercise
caution to avoid injuries.
Safe handling of volatile and toxic materials including catalyst
The safety rules given below are for the protection of life and limb, and the prevention
of property loss. It is expected that refinery people will exercise common sense,
alertness, and good judgment in carrying them out. If ever there is any doubt as to the
safety aspect of a particular operation, consult your supervisor immediately.
Respiratory Protection
Refer to Attachment 9.8 “ ARRANGEMENT OF GAS DETECTORS FOR PROCESS

AREA” ( D-926-1225-023 ).
Most refinery gases, other than air, are harmful to human beings if inhaled in sufficient
concentration. Toxic gases may be classified as either asphyxiating or irritating.
Asphyxiating gases may cause death by replacing the air in the lungs or by reaction
with the oxygen carried in the blood; examples are hydrogen sulfide carbon monoxide,
and smoke. Irritating gases may cause injury or death not only by asphyxiating but also
by burns internal and external/ examples are chlorine and sulfur dioxide.
To guard against the inhalation of harmful gases:
 Secure a gas test certificate showing the gas condition of the vessel is safe for
entry.
 Stand on the windward side of an operating from which gases escape.
 Provide proper ventilation.
 All personnel should become familiar with the accepted method of artificial
respiration in order to render assistance to any one overcome by gas, electric
shock, or drowning.
If anyone is overcome by gas, his rescuer should:
 Never attempt a rescue unless an assistant is standing by.
 Protect himself before attempting a rescue by wearing breathing apparatus.
 Get the victim to fresh air as soon as possible.
 Give artificial respiration and send his assistant to call for medical aid.
When using a breathing apparatus, be sure that the mask fits the face properly. Test it
by the approved test method.
Wear the correct type of breathing apparatus, suited to the situation encountered.
Breathing Apparatus ( B. A. )
There are four types of breathing apparatus in general refinery service. They are the
canister type mask, the fresh air hose line B. A., the compressed air self-contained B. A.
and the compressed air line trolley B. A.
1. The canister type mask utilizes a filter element to absorb the poisonous gas from
the air and is used only by personnel working at the TEL/TML building off/on
loading.
Use this mask only in the open air or where the gas concentration is less than
2%, not in a tank or other confined space. A canister type mask does not
protect the user against a deficiency of oxygen. A lifeline should be used in
questionable locations.
When a seal is removed from a canister, mark the date on the canister, and
after one year discard it regardless of how little it has been used.
A record of the amount of time that the canister has been used must be kept on
a tag attached to the canister. Do not exceed the permissible time limit for the
particular canister being used. Inform Safety Department when time limit is
near.
2. The fresh air hose line breathing apparatus has a length of air hose though which
the wearer draws in the air required for respiration.
When a man must enter a tank, sewer, or other confined area where the
atmosphere is 20% or more of the lower explosive limit, or contains evidence
of hydrogen sulfide or other toxic materials, a fresh air breathing apparatus
must be used. It is to be used subject to the following conditions:
 The free end of the air hose line must be placed where only fresh air can enter
it, but not more than 100 meter of hose should be used.
 A life belt and rope should always be used with the end fixed so that it will
not fall back into the tank or sewer.
 Be sure that the harness is buckled close to the wearer’s body so that it will
not slip over his shoulders if a rope rescue is necessary.
1. The compressed air self contained breathing apparatus has a self-contained air
supply carried on the back of the user. It is one of two of the four types that is
completely independent of outside air.
It is used principally in emergencies.
After use, always notify the proper department so that they can recharge the
cylinders as soon as possible.
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2. Compressed air line trolley breathing apparatus. This breathing apparatus is also
completely independent of outside air. It is principally used where the fresh air
line breathing apparatus would be unsuitable.
Poisonous Material
A matter of utmost concern for all operating personnel is the presence of H2S in
streams.
Refer to “ ARRANGEMENT OF GAS DETECTORS FOR PROCESS AREA” ( D-
926-1225-023).
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
H2S is a colorless gas slightly heavier than air (it accumulates in low spots- be aware!).
It is highly flammable and a dangerous fire risk. Hydrogen sulfide is an explosive gas
which will explode in concentrations of 4.3% (3.4% at 149 ℃) to 45% by volume in
air. Hydrogen sulfide explosions are most likely to occur in the vapor space over liquid
sulfur, because as liquid sulfur is cooled or agitated, it evolves H2S into vapor space
above it. Such vapor exists above the liquid sulfur in the sulfur pit, which must be
swept with air to prevent a buildup of H2S to explosive. H2S is easily identified in very
low, non-fatal concentrations (0.13 ppm) by the strong pungent odor of rotten eggs.
However, since H2S deadens your sense of smell, do not rely on its odor to warn you of
its presence in lethal concentrations.
Note
H2S is extremely poisonous, (more poisonous than the hydrogen cyanide gas used in
the “gas chambers”) and breathing any concentration must be avoided. Symptoms of
poisoning vary with the concentration and length of exposure.
H2S is present in the feed from the fractionator overhead system and in many lines and
vessels in the plant.
Note
H2S leaks should never be approached without self contained breathing gear and a
stand-by man in position with breathing gear.
H2S monitors have been provided to detect H2S leaks in particular areas of moderate to
high concentrations. Become familiar with the location of this safety equipment and its
operation.
Precautions to Avoid Danger from Hydrogen Sulfide Gas

Working in any concentration of hydrogen sulfide is not desirable. Where necessary,
work can be done for an eight hour period in a concentration up to 10ppm (0.001%) by
volume in a air, providing continual checks are made by a qualified gas tester using an
approved H2S Gas Detector. Under no circumstances should anyone work in
concentration greater than 10 ppm without proper respiratory equipment and approval
of a supervisor.
Because of the dangerous from the release of hydrogen sulfide gas, the following
precautions must be strictly observed:
Do not work or permit anyone to work in an area suspected of containing a
concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas without first having the area tested by a qualified
gas tester, using an approved H2S detector.
Report at once any leakage of gas or any gaseous areas as soon as discovered.
Keep out of gaseous areas and keep others out.
Stay on the windward side of the area as long as the condition exists.
When necessary to vent equipment containing hydrogen sulfide or hydrogen sulfide
bearing material, use a vent or relief system, if provided. Avoid venting this gas directly
to the atmosphere.
Maintain adequate ventilation of any enclosed space where leakage of gases might
occur.
If it should be necessary in an emergency to enter and area where there is any
possibility of hydrogen sulfide gas being present, particularly in enclosed locations
where the gas could accumulate, use a Scott Air-Pak. Have a man standing by in a safe
location equipped with a breathing apparatus and, if necessary, use a life line.
Principles for Emergency Action

If any emergency situation develops due to escaping hydrogen sulfide gas, observe the
following principles for safety:
First get out and warn all others to stay clear of the hazardous areas.
Do not attempt to rescue anyone unless you are wearing breathing gear. Your first duty
is to summon help before attempting a rescue.
Do not, under any circumstances, try to determine the concentration of hydrogen sulfide
as by it’s odor. If it’s presence is suspected, have the location tested with an approved
Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Detector.
In case a man is over come, summon help, get him into the fresh air at once, and begin
artificial respiration, using an inhalator if available. Summon a doctor as soon as
possible. But do not stop artificial respiration.
Any person overcome by gas must be kept warm, even during artificial respiration. Use
anything available which may be suitable for this purpose, such as emergency blankets,
coats etc. When the patient has recovered and can be safely moved, he must be set to
the hospital by ambulance and never allowed to stand until released by the doctor.
Nitrogen
N2 is an inert gas used for purging equipment or maintaining a positive pressure inert
gas blanket on a vessel.
N2 is neither poisonous nor flammable, but care must be exercised when working inside
equipment that has beenN2 purged. Adequate ventilation must be provided and
appropriate breathing devices worn. To breathe an atmosphere high in N2, could result
in suffocation.
Before entering vessels that have been purged with N2, a check must be made for
proper oxygen content prior to entry. Rapid vaporization of liquid nitrogen can cause
severe burns on contact with the skin.
Ammonia
Ammonia is a colorless gas with an extremely pungent odor May cause varying degrees
of irritation to the eyes, skin, or mucous membranes.
Refer to MSDA Sheets for the above materials for more detailed information.
Sodium Hydroxide ( NaOH Caustic Soda )
Refer to the appropriate safety bulletin published by the National Safety Council or the
Manufacturing Chemists’ Association.
Caustic solution, commonly called lye, and technically known as sodium hydroxide, is
used so widely in petroleum refining, that its potential hazards are often carelessly
overlooked. Certain general precautions should be observed.
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Goggles or face shields should be worn at all times in the processing area. Painful
injury and possible blindness can result if caustic reaches the eyes. A bubbler fountain
should be provided for the purpose of washing the eyes if an accident should occur.
Boric acid solution should be available for first aid after washing the injured eye with
copious quantities of water. All eye injury cases, even slight, should be referred to a
physician.
Workmen should be impressed that caustic does not give immediate warning of its
presence on the skin by burning or irritation, as in the case of many other chemicals. A
severe burn can result from caustic before the individual realizes its presence on the
skin. However, the presence of caustic on the skin before burning sensation develops
can be recognized by its slippery and soapy feeling. A physician should be consulted in
case of a severe skin burn. Some refiners keep a tub of diluted vinegar handy to
neutralize caustic on tools, rubber gloves, etc., after washing in water.
In view of the foregoing, workmen should be instructed to wear, in addition to face
shields or goggles, rubber gloves and rubber aprons when performing any work which
exposes them to caustic. Depending upon conditions, it may be advisable to wear
protective rubber footwear, as caustic is destructive to leather. Incidentally, cotton
material is more resistant to caustic than wool, and therefore is preferable for clothing.
Although it should not be considered as a protective material.
When caustic has come into contact with the skin, the area should be immediately
flushed with water for several minutes, and depending upon the severity of the
exposure, this an be followed by a two percent acetic acid wash to neutralize any last
traces of caustic. Facilities for quick action in the matter of water washing should be
available.
A treadle operated safety shower equipped with a quick opening valve should be
installed in the area. In cold seasons provisions should , of course, be made to supply
with warm water.
Preparing for entering process equipment
Anyone entering a vessel which may contain an inert or contaminated atmosphere must
follow safety precautions and rules which apply. The vessels may contain H2s or other
toxic material in addition to hydrocarbons.
Therefore, the following precautions should be included in the standard procedure.
The vessels should be isolated by positive action, such as blinding, to exclude all
sources of hydrocarbon, fuel gas, steam, air, etc.
the refinery safety officer and supervisory personnel will give their permission for
vessel entry after they have made the appropriate tests.
Install an air mover outside the vessel to sweep away any vapors.
The man entering the vessel must be equipped with a fresh air mask in proper working
condition, with a fresh air supply.
There should be available and ready for immediate use and transfer to the man in the
vessel, a separate air supply which is independent of electrical power.
The man entering the vessel should wear a safety harness with properly attached safety
line.
If the work involves a large distance above the floor of the vessel, scaffolding or
support flooring must be built to prevent dangerous falls.
There should be a spare fresh air mask complete with its own separate air supply, to
allow a second man to enter the equipment quickly in case of an emergency. This spare
equipment must e compact enough to allow the second man to enter through the
manway while entering the equipment.
The API publication “Guide for Inspection of Refinery Equipment” or the NIOSH
publication No. 87-113; “A Guide to Safety in Confined Spaces” can be referred to for
additional information on safety procedures for vessel entry and accident prevention
measures.
Opening equipment
Every line connecting to a nozzle on the vessel to be entered must be blinded at the
vessel. This includes drains connecting to a closed sewer, utility connections and all
process lines. The location of each blind should be marked on a master piping and
instrumentation diagram ( P&ID ), each blind should be tagged with a number and a list
of all blinds and their locations should be maintained. One person should be given
responsibility for the all blinds in the unit to avoid errors.
The area around the vessel manways should also be surveyed for possible sources of
dangerous gases which might enter the vessel while the person is inside. Examples
include acetylene cylinders for welding and process vent or drain connections in the
same or adjoining units. Any hazards found in the survey should be isolated or
removed.
Safe access must be provided both to the exterior and interior of the vessel to be
entered. The exterior access should be a solid, permanent ladder and platform or
scaffolding strong enough to support the people and equipment who will be involved in
the work to be performed.
Access to the interior should also be strong and solid. Scaffolding is preferred when the
vessel is large enough to permit it to be used. The scaffolding base should rest firmly on
the bottom of the vessel and be solidly anchored. If the scaffolding is tall, the
scaffolding should be supported in several places to prevent sway. The platform boards
should be sturdy and capable of supporting several people and equipment at the same
time and also be firmly fastened down. Rungs should be provided on the scaffolding
spaced at a comfortable distance for climbing on the structure.
If scaffolding will not fit in the vessel a ladder can be used. A rigid ladder is always
preferred over a rope ladder and is essential to avoid fatigue during lengthy periods of
work inside a vessel. The bottom and top of the ladder should be solidly anchored. If
additional support is available, then the ladder should also be anchored at intermediate
locations. When possible, a solid support should pass through the ladder under a rung,
thereby providing support for the entire weight should the bottom support fail. Only
one person at a time should be allowed on the ladder.
When a rope ladder is used, the ropes should be thoroughly inspected prior to each new
job. All rungs should be tested for strength, whether they be made of metal or wood.
Each rope must be individually secured to an immovable support. If possible, a solid
support should pass through the ladder so that a rung can help support the weight and
the bottom of the ladder should be fastened to a support to prevent the ladder from
swinging. As with the rigid ladder, only one person should climb the ladder at a time.
Working in columns or vessels
It is recommended that any man working in a vessel which has an inert or contaminated
atmosphere not be permitted to move too far away or into any tight areas, such as
through a fractionator tray manway. The reason for this precaution is that should the
man develop some difficulty while below a tray, for example, to a point where he could
not function properly or lost consciousness, it would be extremely difficult for the
surveillance team outside the vessel to pull the man up through the small tray manway
by use of the safety line.
Any one working in the bottom of the column or vessel should be aware of the hazard
of falling objects. Hard hats should be worn , but these will not provide total protection
against heavy objects. The workmen should be warned to pay attention, to look, and
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listen. The maintenance supervisor should be careful when scheduling work, to avoid
having people in the bottom of the vessel when there is heavy work going on in the top
of the column or vessels.
A communication system should be provided for the manway watch so that they can
quickly call for help in the event that the personnel inside the vessel encounter difficulty.
A radio, telephone, or public address system is necessary for that purpose.
Entering tanks, drums or other vessels
Before entering a vessel, the refinery’s safety precautions should be observed. These
usually include the following: sampling the vessel for toxic vapors and oxygen
concentration, wearing a safety harness, and having an attendant outside the vessel.
An unattended vessel should never be entered
Procedure for removing safety valves
Before removing the safety valve, it is required to confirm that both side of isolation
valve are blocked and depressured safely. It is also required to confirm that the set
pressure of spare safety valve is properly adjusted on the testing facility in warehouse
and block valve of both inlet and outlet line in field are car-sealed-open.
Work permit procedure and work permit formats
Before entering the vessel, a vessel entry permit must be obtained. A vessel entry permit
insures that all responsible parties know that work is being conducted inside of a vessel
and establishes a safe preparation procedure to follow in order to prevent mistakes
which could result in an accident The permit is typically issued by the safety engineer or
by the shift supervisor.
The permit should be based on a safety checklist to be completed before it is issued.
The permit should also requires the signatures of the safety engineer, the shift
supervisor, and the person that performed the oxygen toxic and explosive gas check on
the vessel atmosphere. Four copies of the permit should be provided. One copy goes to
the safety engineer, one to the shift supervisor, one to the control room, and one copy
should be posted prominently on the manway through which the personnel will enter the
vessel.
The permit should be renewed before each shift and all copies of the permit should be
returned to the safety engineer when the work is complete. Additional requirements or
procedures may be imposed by the refiner, but the foregoing is considered the minimum
acceptable for good safety practice.
Operation notes relating to HAZOP review
Refer to “HAZOP STUDY REPORT”, S-810-1220-101 and “HAZOP ACTION

FOLLOW-UP LIST”, S-810-1220-102.
Action Recommendation Oper. Manual

No. Section No.
R-22 Operating procedure will highlight that this line must not be 3 and 6.9
opened during normal operation and must be opened only
when the liquid is cooled down below 60 ℃ during shut down
operation.
Material safety data sheet(MSDS) of all the chemicals, catalysts
Refer to the Attachment 10.1.(later on)
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Miscellaneous
Conversion tables
English - Metric Conversions and Abbreviations
Multiplied
English Unit Abbrev. By . Metric Unit Abbrev.
length inch in 25.4 millimeter mm

foot ft 304.8 millimeter mm
area square foot ft2 0.09290 square meter m2
volume cubic foot ft3 0.02832 cubic meter m3

standard cubic SCF 0.02826 standard cubic std m3
feet of gas* meters of gas
gallon gal 0.003785 cubic meter m3
barrel bbl 0.1590 cubic meter m3
temperaturedegrees Fahrenheit OF O
C=5/9(OF-32) degrees Celcius O
C
pressurepound per square inch psi 6.895 kilopascal kPa

inch of mercury at 32ºF in Hg 0.1333 kilopascal kPa
inch of water at 4ºC in H2O 0.2491 kilopascal kPa
pound per square inch psi 0.07030 kilograms per kg/cm2
square centimeter
mass pound mass lb or lbm 0.4536 kilogram kg
energyBritish Thermal Unit Btu 1.055 kiloJoule kJ
power horsepower hp 0.746 kilowatt kW

British Thermal Btu/hr 0.2931 watt W
Units per hour
*UOP calculates standard cubic feet of gas at 60º F and 14.696 psia. UOP proposes to
calculate standard cubic meters of gas at 15º C and 101.325 kPa.
General pre-start up procedures
Refer to S-xxx-xxxx-xxx.(Hold)
Overall start-up and shutdown outlines
Refer to S-xxx-xxxx-xxx.(Hold)
Offsite systems
There is no interconnection between the amine treating section and the offsite system.
Catalyst and chemical loading / unloading
Preparation of Amine Solution

Amine will be supplied to the Amine Treating Unit in bulk quantity as 85 wt % DEA at
the Amine Make-up Tank ( 810-TK1 ). The amine will be diluted to a 20 wt% DEA
solution in the Amine Storage Tank ( 810-TK2 ) using Cold Condensate as the water
source.
1. For the initial fill, an estimated quantity of 205 m3 of 20 wt% DEA solution will
be required. This includes the volume requirement for all three absorbers at
Amine Treating Unit, LPG Merox Unit, DieselMax Unit, one Rich Amine
Flash Drum ( 810-V4 ), and one Amine Regenerator ( 810-V5 ). The 205 m3
volume is equivalent to 39 m3 ( 41,410 kg ) pure DEA plus 166 m3 ( 165,640
kg ) Cold Condensate. It is anticipated that the unit will start up in phases and
that the entire initial fill will not be required at one time.
2. Prior to the preparation of the amine solution, clean the Amine Make-up Tank
( 810-TK1 ), Amine Storage Tank ( 810-TK2 ) and associated piping. Load
the concentrated amine to the Amine Make-up Tank.
3. Charge Cold Condensate into the Amine Storage Tank up to the required liquid
level. Line up the Amine Transfer Pump from the Amine Make-up Tank to the
Amine Storage Tank.
4. And then start the Amine Transfer Pump ( 810-P6A ) for the transfer of the
required concentrated amine. Commission the N2 blanket system of the Amine
Storage Tank because air degrades the amine solution.
5. Make circulation of the amine solution stored in the Amine Storage Tank by using
the circulation loop provided for the tank via the Amine Transfer Pump to
homogenize the solution.
6. Analyze the amine content of the circulating solution and adjust the concentration
to the required concentration.
Catalyst and chemicals requirements
Refer to the Attachment 1.2.
Analytical Plan
Refer to the operating manual for Laboratory regarding procedures to operate

laboratory equipment and special precautions to chemicals, S-000-1230-xxx (Later).
Recommended sampling requirements are provided in the table below. Test frequency
shown is a rough figure and will be optimized with experience in plant operation.
(1O Feed Sour Gas to Fuel Gas Amine Absorber (810-SN1)
Item Test Method Normal Start-up

Composition GLC As req.(1) As req.(1)
H2S Detector tube or UOP 212 As req.(1) As req.(1)
CO2 Deleted (2) - -
Note(1) This stream is the same as sponge absorber lean off gas in unit 411.
A sample will be normally taken from 411-SN5.
Note(2) CO2 does not exist.
(2O Treated sweet gas from Fuel Gas Amine Absorber (810-SN2)
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H2S Detector tube or UOP 212 1/D 1/D
(3O Rich Amine from Fuel Gas Amine Absorber(810-SN3)

Apparent H2S UOP 827 As req. As req.
(4O Rich Amine from Rich Amine Flash Drum(810-SN4)
Normally no test is required.

(5O
(6O Leqn Amine to Absorbers (810-SN5)

Diethanolamine UOP 824 1/D 1/D
Apparent H2S UOP 827 1/D 1/D
Thiosulfate UOP 818 1/W 1/W
Total Amine UOP 828 1/W 1/W
Carbon Dioxide Deleted (1) - -
Appearence Visual 1/D 1/D
Foam Test See this manual As req. As req.
Note (1) CO2 does not exist.
(7O Lean Amine from Lean Amine Sock Filters(810-SN6)

(8O
(9O Rich Amine from Fuel Gas Amine Absorber Interface Pot(810-SN7)
(10O
(11OSlop Oil from Rich Amine Flash Drum (810-SN8)
(12OReflux water from Amine Regenerator Reflux Pumps (810-SN9)
(13OAcid Gas to SRU (810-SN10)

H2S Deleted (1)
CO2 Deleted (1)
Hydrocarbons Deleted (1)
Note(1) highly Toxic.
(11O)Make-up Amine from Amine Storage Tank (810-SN18)

Diethanolamine UOP 824 As req. As req.
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AMINE SOLUTION FOAM TEST
Scope:
This test is intended for the determination of the foaming characteristics of aqueous
amine solutions. It is particularly useful in comparing plant samples with clean,
laboratory prepared solutions.
Principle:
Air is bubbled through the sample at a measured rate for five minutes, and the foam
height and foam stability are measured.
Apparatus:
Stop watch, calibrated in seconds.
Foam test apparatus; see Figure 11.7.
Procedure:
Pour 200 ml of an amine sample into the 1,000 ml cylinder. Connect the air delivery
tubes and introduce oil-free air at four liters for minute.
Allow the bubbling to continue for five minutes, stop the air flow and start the
stopwatch. Immediately record the height of the foam and also record the time, in
seconds, for the foam to break completely after the air supply is shut off.
Foam Height:
The difference in ml between the height of the foam and the initial height of the liquid
( 200 ml ).
Foam Break Time:

The time in seconds for the foam to break completely after the air supply is shut off.
Comments:
This method can be used to evaluate the effects of antifoam agents on the plant amine
sample. Care should be exercised in cleaning the equipment since a very small amount
of antifoam agent or surfactant may affect the test.
FIGURE 11.7
FOAMING APPARATUS
AIR IN
NO. 12
STOPPER
FLOWMETER,
MONOMETER TYPE
AIR AIR IN
OUT
CAPILLARY GAS
TUBE DISPERSION 1
TUBE 0
0
0
7
5
m
GRADUATED 0
l
CYLINDER 5m
1000 MILLILITER 0l
0
2
m
l5
0
m
l
GAS DISPERSION TUBE
CYLINDRICAL, FRITTED GLASS
EXTRA COURSE, 8 x 550 - mm
64

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JOB No.DOC. No.REV.

0-0800S-810-1230-001 3DATE 29-OCT- 1998 SHEET 1 OF

AMINE TREATING PROCESS UNIT

PART Ⅰ AMINE TREATING SECTION from page 3

PARTⅡ SOUR WATER STRIPPER SECTION from page 84

8.3.6. Fuel Gas Amine Absorber Interface Pot ( 810-V9 ).......................................................

Design basis for feed and products

Material balance / B.L. conditions

C6+ 0.01 0.00 - 0.004

Mole Flow, Kmol/hr 363.80 92.16 37.68 6830.17

Stream Number* 12 99 97 111

Mole Flow, Kmol/hr 430.81 37.61 6,741.08 127.85

* Refer to the Process Flow Diagram( Attachment 9.1) for details.

Fluid Origin / Destination Available Pressure Temperature

Utility and chemicals requirements

Refer to Attachment 1.1 ( Utility Summary, Doc. No. S-810-1223-501 )

Operating Conditions and Controls

Discussion of process variables

The absorption of H2S into the amine solution is favored by:

Acid Gas Loading

(HOCH2CH2)2NH + H2S  (HOCH2CH2)2NH2SH

(HOCH2CH2)2NH + H2S  (HOCH2CH2)2NH2SH

However, the ethanol amines can be thermally decomposed at temperatures beginning at

High Stripping Steam Rate

Low Amine Concentration

Process flow and control

Description of process flow

Control Flow Plan

Lean Amine supply to Absorbers (Figure 2.1)

Rich Amine Return to Regenerator (Figure 2.2)

Figure 2.1 LEAN AMINE SUPPLY TO ABSORBERS

Fuel Gas Amine Amine Regenerator

1 Rich Amine from

Rich Amine from

Summary of Safety Valves

Tag. No. Set Size and Service Location Governing Relief

Summary of Flare Loads

Refer to “ Flare Load Summary”(S-810-1223-701).

Car sealed valves

Position Line No. / Service Size Equipment / P&ID No.

Remote operating valves

No remote operating valves are provided in this unit.

(1) Level alarm

LI-019 Absorber Knockout Drum Level 68.8 D-810-1225-113

LI-075 Amine Make-up Tank Level 18.8 92.5 D-810-1225-117

(2) Temperature Alarm

(3) Flow Alarm

(5) Differential Pressure Alarm

(6) Other Alarm

Tag No Service ALL AL AH AHH P&ID No.

Tag No. Service P&ID No.

Procedures for setting protective relays

Operator Supervisor Engineer

Operator Supervisor Engineer

Preparing Unit for Pre-commissioning

Utilities are placed in service during commissioning ( preparation for start-up ).

 See further discussion under “Run-in of Pumps and Drivers”.

Acid Cleaning of Reciprocating Compressor lines

Not applicable to this unit.

Inspection and Run-in of Pumps and Fans

Inspection and Run-in of Reciprocating Compressor

Not applicable to this unit.

Inspection and Run-in of Centrifugal Compressor

Not applicable to this unit.