A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN BIOLOGY FOR GRADE EIGHT

ROSEMARIE A. ABAO
FEBRUARY 1, 2018
I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of a 60-minute period, the Grade Eight students should achieve the
following with 75% proficiency level:
1. Describe the transfer of energy in trophic levels
2. Explain the importance of the transfer of the energy from one organism to
another
II. SUBJECT MATTER
TRANSFER OF ENERGY IN TROPHIC LEVELS
A. Reference
Science 8 Learner’s Module. Campo, Pia C. et al. 2013. P273
B. Materials
Visual aids, pictures, video clip, manila paper, markers
C. Ideas
Producers- autotrophs or the organisms that can produce their own food through
photosynthesis
Consumers- heterotrophs or the organisms that can’t produce their own food
and feed on the producers or other consumers
Food chain- a hierarchical series of organisms each dependent on the next as a
source of food
Food web- a system of interlocking and interdependent food chains
Symbiosis- relationship between two or more organisms that live closely together
Biomass- the total mass of organisms in a food chain or a food web
D. Processes
Describing, identifying
E. Values
Collaboration
III. PROCEDURE
A. Preliminary Activities
1. Prayer
2. Checking of the attendance
3. Checking of the assignment
4. Review of the past lesson
B. Motivation
Video clip
 C. Lesson Proper
TEACHER ACTIVITY
Let’s start our class with a prayer.
(A student will lead the prayer)
Good afternoon class.
Before you sit down, please arrange your
chairs and pick up pieces of paper.
Class monitor, please check the attendance.
Please pass your assignments forward.
What was our lesson yesterday?
Have you learned anything from the report
yesterday? If yes, kindly tell me about it.
Today, we’re going to continue the lesson.
And these will be our objectives for today.
Kindly read everyone.
Thank you. At the end of this period, you are
expected to be able to describe the transfer of
energy through the trophic levels and explain
its importance to all organisms, including us
humans.
In yesterday’s report, we encountered a lot of
terms and one of them was ecosystem. What
is ecosystem?
Okay, so an ecosystem doesn’t only include
the biotic and abiotic factors but also the
interactions between each other.
Some interactions are beneficial, some can
be harmful to the other organisms and there
are interactions where organisms neither
benefitted nor harmed.
Interaction with other species is important for
survival. The quote “No man is an island”
doesn’t only apply to humans, but also to all
organisms. We need each other to survive.
To survive, what do you think is our most
essential need in our everyday life?
STUDENT ACTIVITY
Good afternoon ma’am Rose.
Good afternoon ma’am Jean.
Good afternoon classmates.
Mabuhay!
Yesterday, the reporters talked about
the interactions in the ecosystem such
as mutualism, commensalism,
predation, parasitism, and competition.
They also reported about the food
chain which shows the
interdependence of a series of
organisms.
The Grade Eight students should be
able to:
Describe the transfer of energy through
the trophic levels
Explain the importance of the transfer
of the energy from one organism to
another
Includes all the living things in an area,
interacting with each other, and with
their non-living environment.
Our most essential need is food and
water.
Why do we need to eat food?
So, in an ecosystem, what are the main
sources of energy?
That’s right. Because of that, plants and other
autotrophs are called as producers.
They can make their own food through the
process of photosynthesis.
What is photosynthesis class?
So that makes the sun the ultimate source of
energy in the ecosystem.
But you see, I don’t eat fruits and vegetables.
I only eat chicken meat and beef. Does that
mean I won’t survive because I did not obtain
energy from the plants?
Very good. So, it means that there is a flow of
energy from the producers to the consumers.
What are consumers again class?
There are kinds of consumers. The primary
consumers, the secondary consumers,
tertiary consumers and the quaternary or
apex predators.
Together, they can form a food chain.
I will properly illustrate it so you will
understand.
Please come in front to point which organisms
are the producers, the primary, secondary
and tertiary consumers.
Do you already understand what a food chain
is?
So now let’s see the ecosystem in a bigger
scale. We have here a food web.
What is a food web?
Can you trace 1 food chain out of this food
web?
To obtain nutrients and energy that will
enable us to move, grow, repair
damaged tissues and reproduce.
The main sources of energy are plants
and other autotrophs because they are
the only ones that can produce their
own food.
Photosynthesis is the process where
the energy from the sun and raw
materials such water and CO2 are
converted by autotrophs into chemical
energy and store it as glucose.
That’s not true ma’am because
chickens and cows eat plants, so the
energy from the plants must have
transferred to their own bodies.
Likewise, as you ate their meat, the
energy from the plants that was
transferred to their body must have
transferred to yours.
Consumers are organisms that can’t
produce their own food and must eat
other organisms to obtain nutrition and
energy.
Yes ma’am.
A food web is a system of more than 1
food chains that are interdependent on
each other.
Now, let’s translate this food chain into a
pyramid of biomass and an energy pyramid. Biomass is total mass of a species in a
But first, what is biomass? food chain or a food web.
Very good. In a pyramid of biomass, the
organisms at the base have the greatest
biomass and the ones at the top have the
least biomass.
It means that, a large number of producers is
needed to support only a few of the
consumers at the top. As you go up the apex, the biomass of
Do you notice any trend about the biomass at the organisms is decreasing.
each level as you go up to the apex of the
pyramid?
Very good observation. Yes, an organism can
only support organisms of the next trophic
level which are only 10 % of its own biomass.
As what you can see in this picture.
Let’s translate it again into an energy
pyramid.

In an energy pyramid, there is always the

10% rule. Let’s say that plants have 100%
energy. When primary consumers eat the
producers, only 10% is transferred to the
primary consumer’s body. The same thing
also happens when a secondary consumer
eats the primary consumer. Only 10% of the
10 j of energy will be obtained by the
secondary consumer.
To further understand, let’s watch this video.

Now, let’s do a group activity. We will divide

the class into 3 (count off).
For each group, I will give an envelope that
contains pictures of animals. You will have to
imagine a scenario where the animals interact
with each other in a food web.
Paste your work on the manila paper
provided. Put arrows to indicate interaction
and label which trophic level does the animal
belong to. Pick 1 food chain out of the food
web that you have created and translate it
into an energy pyramid.
You will be given 5 minutes to complete your (Students may ask for further
work and after that, your group representative instructions)
shall present your work in front.
Is everything understood?
So, this will be the rubrics for our activity.
(Explain rubric)
Criteria 5 3 1
Content All answers 1-2 answers Most
are correct incorrect answers
incorrect
Communication Reporter Reporter Reporter
Skills has has has low
confidence confidence confidence
and but and
presents in occasionally speaks in
fluently in speaks in vernacular
English. vernacular.
Collaboration All 1-2 Most
members members members
participated did not did not
participate participate

Each group representative will present

You may start your work.
their work.
(3 min. is up)
Please post your work on the board.
Each representative will be given 1 minute so
keep your explanations short and concise.
(Gives scores and comments)

Let’s look at the energy pyramid, how much

energy will you get if you are strictly meat- I will obtain lesser energy than the
eater? ones who eat a lot vegetables and
fruits.
That’s right. You will obtain lesser energy if
you only meat all the time. That is why it is not
good to eat meat all the time. We also need to
eat vegetables and fruits because other than
how they can provide a greater amount of
energy they also provide vitamins and
nutrients needed by our body.
From now on, are you still going to eat only No ma’am.
meat all the time?
That’s good.

D. Generalization
What is the importance of the transfer of energy between each organism?
 E. Application
If one organism is removed from the web of interconnected feeding relationship,
how will it affect the other organisms and us humans?
IV. EVALUATION
Formative Test
Identification
1. What do you call a system of more than 1 interdependent food chains?
2. What do you call the total mass of a species in a food chain or a food web?
3. What organisms have the greatest biomass?
4. Which consumers have the least energy in an energy pyramid?
5. What trend is observable in the amount of energy in an energy pyramid as you go up
to the apex?
6. If we have 45,000 kg of photosynthetic planktons, how much biomass of human can
it support if the humans are tertiary consumers?
7. What happens to the energy that was not transferred to the next trophic level?
8-10. Explain why the transfer of energy is important for organisms to survive in at least
3 sentences.
V. ASSIGNMENT
On a short bond paper, draw an energy pyramid out of your dinner from last night.