Cargo - Secure Practice Modul

Cargo Securing Information System
Practice Module
Edition: Mai 2009
Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page:

BAM – Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Edition: Mai 2009
Table of contents
Partners ........................................................................................................ 3
Disclaimer...................................................................................................... 3
Masthead....................................................................................................... 3
Examples from practice:................................................................................ 4
Concrete cases of cargo securing........................................................................4
20′ and 40′ containers............................................................................................5
20’ container with 16 IBCs......................................................................................7
Slidewall wagon.....................................................................................................9
Planen-LKW oder Wechselbrücke........................................................................... 11
Swap body.......................................................................................................... 13
Wide span swap body.......................................................................................... 15
Trailer................................................................................................................. 17
Big Bag palletized................................................................................................ 21

Partners
The following partners actively contributed to the development of the Ladungssicherungs-
Informations- System / Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module
• Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)
Unter den Eichen 87
12205 Berlin
• VCI, German Chemical Industry Association
Mainzer Landstrasse 55
60329 Frankfurt am Main
• VCH, Chemical Traders‘ Association
Große Neugasse 6
50667 Köln
• BGL, Association Road Haulage, Logistics and Disposal
Breitenbachstrasse 1
60487 Frankfurt am Main
• DSLV, Freight Forwarding and Logistics Association
Weberstrasse 77
53113 Bonn
Disclaimer
The contents of this practice module were developed with the utmost care, taking into account
recognized guidelines, the latest scientific findings and a wealth of practical experiences.
However, this practice module is not meant to be exhaustive, and no guarantee is given for
its correctness. This applies in particular with regard to legal aspects and specific dangerous
goods aspects.
The publisher does not accept any liability whatsoever in connection with this practice
module.
Other cargo securing methods, which are equivalent or better but not mentioned in this
publication, are also admissible.
Masthead
Publisher: Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)

Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin
Postal address: 12200 Berlin, Germany
Web: http://www.bam.de
Contact: Dr.-Ing. Thomas Goedecke
Telephone: +49 30 8104 – 1311
Fax: +49 30 8104 – 3967
Email: Thomas.Goedecke@bam.de
Layout & Design: Wolfgang Price

Examples from practice:
Examples
The suggestions in the following pages are applicable to the transportation of package
freight. They deal with single packages as well as situations with various cargo with or
without palettes. Find out the recommended way of load security based on the different
decision rules.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 10
Examples from practice:
Concrete cases of cargo securing
Several concrete cases of cargo securing are described in the following pages:
• 20′ and 40′ containers
• 20’ container with 16 IBCs
• Sliding wall freight wagons
• Awning truck or swap body
• Wide span swap body
• Trailer

20′ and 40′ containers
Form closure and force closure cargo secu-

ring. The center of gravity of loaded cargo
should be in the middle of the cargo unit,
with the goods to be arranged accordingly.
This cargo consists of homogeneous and as-

sorted loading units (cardboard boxes and
plastic jerry cans).
Transport unit: 20’ container respectively 40’

container.
Appropriateness check is the first step of pre-

paration (checklist in the annex).

Securing equipment:
Pallets, wooden constructions, flake boards,
lashing straps, steel buckles and one hand
tackle device.
Preparing the transport unit. First, form clos-

ure stowage of pallets. Second, fixing the se-
curing lashings alongside the walls.
Fill the free loading space with wooden con-

structions. Secure the cargo with diagonal
lashings.

20’ container with 16 IBCs
The cargo consists of 16 IBCs.
Appropriateness check of the 20‘ container

before loading (based on a checklist).
The first four IBCs are stowed in the middle

of the container to the front end (because
of upper corner fittings). The free spaces
on both sides are filled with air bags.
The next four IBCs are loaded directly to

the first four, but these IBCs are stowed to
the side walls. The free space in the middle
is filled with air bags. Next, a wooden con-
struction consisting of four horizontal and
two vertical boards – is fixed between the
profiles of the side walls.

The last 8 IBCs are stowed into the contai-
ner, followed by backwards securing with a
wooden construction (consisting of four ho-
rizontal and two vertical boards). The small
free space near the door does not impact
the center of gravity of the loaded cargo,
as it keeps within the tolerance limit.
Load securing material:

35 mm thick wooden boards, ready sawn
to fit the width of the container

Slidewall wagon
This picture shows a form closure for cargo

securing.
This cargo consists of homogeneous and

asorted assorted units with cardboard boxes.
Transport unit:
Slidewall wagon
Appropriateness check of the transport unit is

the first step of preparation.

Securing equipment:
Sliding walls and wooden constructions.
Form closure stowage of the pallets and fi-

xing of separation sliding walls into to form
equally-sized compartments.
The loading space is now divided into equal-

ly-sized compartments. Free spaces inside
these compartments are filled with wooden
constructions.

Planen-LKW oder Wechselbrücke
This picture shows a form closure as well as

a force closure method for cargo securing.
The center of gravity of the cargo should be
in the middle of the loading space , with the
goods to be arranged accordingly.
This cargo consists of homogeneous and

asorted loading units, cardboard boxes, lat-
tice boxes, IBCs and drums.
Transport unit:
Swap body
Appropriateness check is the first step of

preparation.

Securing equipment:
Pallets, wooden constructions, flake boards,
lashing straps, steel buckles and one hand
tackle device.
Preparing the transport unit and fixing the

straps alongside the walls. Form closure sto-
wage of pallets and filling the free spaces
between the drums with pallets or wooden
constructions.
Fill the free loading space with pallets.

Secure the cargo with horizontal lashings.

Swap body
Stowage into a swap body. This picture

shows a securing method with blocking bars
and pallets.
Securing equipment: Pallets and blocking

bars.
Cargo: In each case two drums, in oblique

position on a CP5 pallet (This is to prevent
the drums from projecting over the edge of
the pallet).
Stowage/securing steps:
Fill free space – e.g. with pallets or con-
structions – so that the cargo can move only
slightly, as compared with its original positi-
on and the walls of the transport unit.

Transport unit:
Swap body

preparation.
Fill free space with pallets, so that the cargo

can move only slightly, as compared with its
original position and the walls of the trans-
port unit.

Wide span swap body
This picture shows a form closure as well as

a force closure method for cargo securing.
The center of gravity of the cargo should
be in the middle of the loading space , with
the goods to be arranged accordingly.
Securing equipment:
Pallets, wooden constructions and blocking
bars.
The cargo consists of cardboard boxes and

drums.
Stowage / securing steps:

Form closure stowage and filling free
spaces with pallets or wooden construc-
tions; blocking bars.

Transport unit:
Swap body

preparation.
Fill free space with pallets. Secure the car-

go by adjusting the blocking bars.

Trailer
Cargo securing with lashing straps
Cargo 1: steel drums

Cargo 2: plastic drums (pails)
Transport unit:
Trailer
On-bord securing equipment

Pallets as securing equipment
Securing equipment provided by the loa-

der: Ratchets, lashing strap (2500 daN)
and steel buckles.
Preparing the trailer with lashing straps.

This is the restraint system for the first
block of the cargo. The front wall can ab-
sorb 5000 daN.
Loading and securing of the first block

The lashing strap should be well-protected
by absorption material (e.g. cardboard).
The pallets are intended to separate the

first from the second block and to prevent
the strap from falling down.
The second block is being prepared. The

yellow strap is needed for securing the
cargo against backwards acceleration. The
white strap is used for securing the cargo
against forwards acceleration. These „one-
way straps“ (2500 daN) are bound twice
from the left to the right anchor point. In
this case, the pallets prevent the white
strap from falling down.

Positioning the straps …
… and fixing them on both sides. In this

phase the pallets are not yet secured. If ne-
cessary, one person should hold them until
the first parts of the cargo are loaded.
After loading the first pallets of the second

block the white strap is tightened. Forward
securing is now completed.
Backward securing is made by the yellow

strap. One end of the strap has an eye, the
other end has a clamp. Eye and clamp may
only be hooked together if they fit into each
other.

Big Bag palletized
Semitrailer with lateral sliding awning walls

and insertion boards.
The vehicle body should be in accordance
with the Guideline „Bodies with lateral
sliding roof“, as a minimum requirement
(see Overview of Handbooks and Guideli-
nes).
Securing equipment:
• Lashing straps
• Ratchets
• Anti friction mats
• Cardboard
The palletized Big Bags are loaded flush

to the front end. The friction coefficient of
Big Bag, pallet and vehicle body must be
equal.
The free spaces on both sides are filled with
pallets.

Block formation for securing the cargo lon-
gitudinal direction forward.
Running the strap on top of the pallet’s

middle back.
All other pallets are placed in alignment to

the pallets of the first block.
Running the lashing on the left side.

This picture shows the lashing which is run-
ning on the left side, directly in front of the
Big Bag. Cardboard is placed between the
lashing and the Big Bag to protect the can-
vas.
Block formation to secure the cargo to the

back
Running the lashing on top of the pallet’s
middle back
Joining the tie-down / lashing straps with

hooks


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Cargo Securing Information System

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 

Publisher: Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 

Concrete cases of cargo securing

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 14

Form closure and force closure cargo secu-

This cargo consists of homogeneous and as-

Transport unit: 20’ container respectively 40’

Appropriateness check is the first step of pre-

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 15

Preparing the transport unit. First, form clos-

Fill the free loading space with wooden con-

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 16

The cargo consists of 16 IBCs.

Appropriateness check of the 20‘ container

The first four IBCs are stowed in the middle

The next four IBCs are loaded directly to

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 17

Load securing material:

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 18

This picture shows a form closure for cargo

This cargo consists of homogeneous and

Appropriateness check of the transport unit is

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 19

Form closure stowage of the pallets and fi-

The loading space is now divided into equal-

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 20

This picture shows a form closure as well as

This cargo consists of homogeneous and

Appropriateness check is the first step of

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 21

Preparing the transport unit and fixing the

Fill the free loading space with pallets.

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 22

Stowage into a swap body. This picture

Securing equipment: Pallets and blocking

Cargo: In each case two drums, in oblique

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 23

Appropriateness check is the first step of

Fill free space with pallets, so that the cargo

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 24

This picture shows a form closure as well as

The cargo consists of cardboard boxes and

Stowage / securing steps:

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 25

Appropriateness check is the first step of

Fill free space with pallets. Secure the car-

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 26

Cargo securing with lashing straps

Cargo 1: steel drums

On-bord securing equipment

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 27

Securing equipment provided by the loa-

Preparing the trailer with lashing straps.

Loading and securing of the first block

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 28

The pallets are intended to separate the

The second block is being prepared. The

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: 29

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page:

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page:

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page:

Cargo Securing Information System (LIS) – Practice Module Page: