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Applaud Insecticide Technical Manual
MODE OF ACTION
Applaud inhibits the synthesis of chitin by suppressing Despite the substantial list of active constituents
the hormone that regulates the process in insects which are defined as “IGRs”, the great majority are
from the sub-order Homoptera. As such it is termed a used in a few highly specific applications – for termite
Homopteran chitin biosynthesis inhibitor. control, sciarid flies in mushrooms and animal health
blowfly control. Only buprofezin and methoxyfenozide
It is distinct from other insect growth regulators (IGRs), (Prodigy™ Insecticide) are used as cover sprays in
as can be seen in the table below, in that it only controls horticultural crops in Australia.
Homopterans, while other IGRs specifically control
Lepidopterans (caterpillars and moths) or Dipterans (flies).
Group 15 Chlorfluazuron
Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, Benzoylureas Hexaflumuron
Lepidopteran growth regulation Lufenuron
Group 16
Buprofezin
Inhibitiors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1, Buprofezin
(Applaud Insecticide)
Homopteran growth regulation
Group 17
Moulting disruptor, Cyromazine Cyromazine
Dipteran growth regulation
Group 18
Methoxyfenozide
Ecdysone receptor agonists, Diacylhydrazines
(Prodigy Insecticide)
Lepidopteran growth regulation
Extract from “CropLife Australia Insecticide resistance management review Group Mode of Action Classification for Insecticides (14 June 2012)”.
Ethanol 80 g/L
RESIDUAL RAINFASTNESS
EFFECTIVENESS Low solubility makes Applaud very rainfast once it has
OF APPLAUD dried on foliage or other plant surfaces. It is very resistant
to wash-off once the spray deposit has dried.
Applaud is relatively persistent on plant surfaces,
especially within imperfections on the leaf surface and
within cracks and crevices in bark. This extended residual
life is due to the very low solubility of Applaud coupled
RE-ENTRY PERIOD
with resistance to degradation by ultraviolet light. As soon as the spray deposit has dried, workers can
return to the orchard or vineyard without the need for any
protective clothing.
The impact of Applaud on key Australian beneficial insects is listed in the following table.
Predatory mites
Phytoseiulus persimilis Low 0
Typhlodromus occidentalis Low 0
Ladybirds
Chilocorus spp. High 3
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri High 3
Rhyzobius spp. High 3
Parasitoid wasps
Aphytis spp. Low 0
Encarsia spp. Low 0
Leptomastix dactylopii Low 0
Trichogramma spp. (Low) 0
Mallada signata Low 0
The residual time refers to the time following application after which the particular beneficial insect can be re-introduced.
This information is extracted from the book “Citrus Pests and Their Natural Enemies” edited by Dan Smith, GAC Beattie and Roger Broadley and
published by the Queensland Department of Primary Industries. This is an authoritative guide to integrated pest management in citrus in Australia
and is a valuable resource for integrated pest management in other tree crops.
APPLICATION
A range of application equipment has been evaluated and employed during
more than 10 years of research work and commercial application in a number
of tree crops.
COMPATIBILITY
Applaud is compatible with most commonly used crop protection products
with the exception of those which are highly alkaline or highly acidic.
Applaud has also been shown to be compatible with 2,4-D amine where this
is used as a thinning and fruit sizing agent in citrus.
SPRAY ADJUVANTS
Spray adjuvants are not required but may in some cases help to overcome
conditions which otherwise would result in reduced performance of Applaud.
These include hard-to-wet foliage, dusty foliage, trees or vines with deeply
creviced bark which is hard to wet.
Citrus, Mangoes and Persimmons DO NOT HARVEST FOR 4 WEEKS AFTER APPLICATION
Insect resistance to Applaud has developed in other parts of the world where
its use has not been adequately managed. After more than 20 years of use
in Australia, insect resistance has not developed and that is a tribute to the
careful use of the product by growers. Any complacency however could
quickly lead to the development and spread of resistance and the loss of this
useful chemistry to industry.
Choosing IPM-compatible products for control of chewing pests (e.g. caterpillars) is encouraged as they will not
adversely affect the beneficial insects that are helping control the “chewers” as well as the “suckers”.
Good examples of these products are Prodigy, an IGR that only controls caterpillars and is safe to all other insects,
and Success™ NEO, another insecticide which is tough on caterpillars and soft on most beneficials.
Applaud Insecticide Technical Manual
MARGIN OF SAFETY
Toxicity of Applaud Insecticide to Mammals
Control of Scales
Applaud will control red scale and white louse (citrus It has poor activity against adult scales because they are
snow) scales. no longer going through the moulting process.
Apply Applaud when there is heavy crawler emergence, Use the high rate (60 mL/100 L) when heavy infestations
particularly in late summer. Applaud has residual activity occur and/or where IPM systems have not effectively
and will continue to control emerging crawlers for some managed pest populations by monitoring time. A second
time after application. application 21 to 28 days after the first will give the best
control.
Where the crawler infestation is severe, a second
application may be required
14 to 28 days after the first application. Applaud works
best in an integrated pest management (IPM) programme
where parasitoid wasps such as Aphytis spp. are active.
Action Levels
10% or more of fruit of early varieties infested or 15 to 20% or more of fruit
of late varieties infested.
85
% Control
80
75
70
65
Applaud Applaud Applaud Supracide®
(1 x 30 mL) (2 x 30 mL) (1 x 60 mL) (1 x 50 mL)
Control of Mealybugs
Applaud controls longtailed mealybug, citrus mealybug, and citrophilous mealybug.
Apply Applaud if thresholds are exceeded in spring-summer. Use the high rate (60 mL/100 L) when heavy infestations
occur and/or where IPM systems have not effectively managed pest populations by monitoring time. A second
application 21 to 28 days after first will give the best control.
Action Levels
95
90
Citrus Mealybug Control
% Control
85
Average of 2 trials in Central
Burnett (QLD) and 3 trials in SA.
80
75
70
Applaud Applaud Applaud Supracide®
(2 x 30 mL) (1 x 60 mL) (2 x 60 mL) (1 x 50 mL)
100
Longtailed Mealybug Control
90
80 Average of 3 trials in Shepparton
70 (VIC) and 3 trials in SA.
% Control
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 Longtailed
Applaud Applaud Applaud Applaud Supracide® Tokuthion® mealybug
(1 x 30 mL) (2 x 30 mL) (1 x 60 mL) (2 x 60 mL) (1 x 50 mL) (1 x 50 mL)
Applaud Insecticide Technical Manual
Control of Jassids
The citrus jassid (Empoasca smithii) damages early season varieties as it moves from hardening
flush growth onto ripening fruit.
Apply Applaud when thresholds are exceeded in January and again in February if required. Apply
when juvenile stages predominate.
Action Levels
20% or more of flushes infested or 5% or more of fruit.
Jassid Control
Data from 5 trials in the Burnett (6 to 8 weeks after application).
100
80
% Control
60
40
20
0
Applaud Applaud Applaud Applaud Supracide®
(1 x 30 mL) (2 x 30 mL) (1 x 60 mL) (2 x 60 mL) (1 x 50 mL)
APPLAUD IN MANGOES
Applaud is most effective when applied to mango scales Application volumes between 1,250 and 2,500 L/ha may
at the nymph stage, but will reduce numbers of adult be necessary to ensure complete wetting depending on
female scales to a degree as well. tree size.
Monitor scales and apply Applaud when the majority of DO NOT use mineral oils in mangoes as fruit blotch-
crawlers have emerged. This usually coincides with tree ing may occur.
flushing after harvest and in spring when fruit are 1.5 to
2.0 cm diameter.
Action Levels
Monitor 10 to 20 trees/ha and, as a general guide, spray if
> 5% of fruit have live scale, or
> 5% of leaves have live female scales with large numbers of males, or
> 10% of leaves have live female scale
Mango scale
These guidelines are subject to review by the Queensland Department of
Primary Industries and it is recommended that these be checked regularly.
Untreated 9
Live Nymphs per Fruit
40 COUNTRIES
2000
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